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Persian religion founded in the 3rd century AD
missionary activity brought Manichaeism to Tang China in the seventh century, where it developed into its own local form. Manichaeism was the official religion
Manichaeism
Form of Manichaeism practiced in China
of light' or 'bright religion'), is the form of Manichaeism transmitted to China. Chinese Manichaeism rose to prominence during the Tang dynasty and despite
Chinese_Manichaeism
knowledge, predating Manichaeism, and possibly going back to an early common Indo-Iranian source.Giovanni Verardi notes that Manichaeism is the prime source
The_Buddha_in_Manichaeism
Jesus as portrayed in Manichaeism
a Christian reading of Manichaeism that dominated early studies of this religion. Today, opinions on the origin of Manichaeism are divided into two opposing
Jesus_in_Manichaeism
2009). Manichaeism and Its Legacy. BRILL. pp. 13–. ISBN 978-90-04-17574-7. Retrieved 27 August 2012. Widengren, Geo (1961). Mani and Manichaeism. London:
Zarathustra_in_Manichaeism
Figure in Manichaean cosmology
nihilo, but only by copulation. Augustine of Hippo, who converted from Manichaeism to Christianity, criticised the Manichaeans for polytheism and paganism
Prince of Darkness (Manichaeism)
Prince_of_Darkness_(Manichaeism)
Religious philosophical concept
Religions that recognize the existence of plant souls include Jainism and Manichaeism. Jains believe that plants have souls (jīva) that experience only one
Plant_soul
Early manichaean leaders
Empire Michel Tardieu. Manichaeism. tran. MB DeBevoise. Urbana 111; University of Illinois Press, c2008. Lieu, Samuel N.C. Manichaeism in the Later Roman
Apostles_(Manichaeism)
Evil supernatural being
A demon is an evil or malevolent supernatural entity, though they can be benevolent too. Historically, belief in demons, or stories about demons, occurs
Demon
3rd-century prophet and founder of Manichaeism
AD 274 or 26 February AD 277) was an Iranian prophet and the founder of Manichaeism, a religion most prevalent in late antiquity. Mani was born in or near
Mani_(prophet)
Religious text of Manichaeism
The Epistles is one of the Seven Treatises of Manichaeism. It is derived from the Middle Ancient Persian dēwān, which means "Letter Collection". They
The_Epistles_(Manichaeism)
Religious texts of Manichaeism
scriptural but rather a secondary literature on Manichaeism commenting on the scripture. Seven Treatises of Manichaeism, sometimes also referred to as the Manichaean
Manichaean_scripture
Researches in Manichaeism, New York, 1932, pp. 222–54. Reeves, John C. (2011-11-01). Prolegomena to a History of Islamicate Manichaeism. Equinox Publishing
Seduction of the Archons (Manichaeism)
Seduction_of_the_Archons_(Manichaeism)
Builders of the physical realm that serve the demiurge
the governmental system as flawed without chance of true salvation. In Manichaeism, the archons are the rulers of a realm within the "Kingdom of Darkness"
Archon_(Gnosticism)
Intermediary between humanity and the divine
religion, Zoroastrianism, Buddhism, the Abrahamic religions, Mandaeism, Manichaeism, and Thelema. The English word prophet is the transliteration of a compound
Prophet
Religious text of Manichaeism
of the Last Judgment Day. Mani Seven Sutras of Mani Manichaeism Tardieu, Michel (2008). Manichaeism [Manichaeology]. Champaign, Illinois: University of
Book of Mysteries (Manichaeism)
Book_of_Mysteries_(Manichaeism)
Early Christian and Jewish religious systems
Other traditions include the Basilideans, Marcionists, and Thomasines. Manichaeism, whose prophet grew up Christian-Jewish, adopted Buddhist and Hindu concepts
Gnosticism
Giovanni Verardi notes that Manichaeism is the prime source for comparisons between Buddhism and Gnosticism, Manichaeism representing "the same urban
Buddhism_and_Gnosticism
Manichaean leader
discovered Manichaeism during his "enforced stay" in the Sassanid Empire. Epiphanius of Salamis stated that Akouas was the first to bring Manichaeism to his
Akouas
Manichaean temple in Fujian province, China
Prefecture, which thus became one of the centers of Chinese Manichaeism during the Song dynasty. Manichaeism in China assumes certain Chinese characteristics, assimilating
Cao'an
Historical head of the Manichaean religion
org/books/OL2863189M/Manichaeism_in_the_later_Roman_Empire_and_medieval_China Reeves, John C. (2011). Prolegomena to a History of Islamicate Manichaeism. Comparative
Archegos_(Manichaeism)
First-century Jewish preacher and religious leader
(see: Episode of Jesus). The account portrays Jesus as an imposter. Manichaeism, an ancient religious movement, became one of the earliest organized
Jesus
Iranian religions that spread to Tang-era China
and Manichaeism. The "three Persian religions" include: Zoroastrianism (xiān-jiào 祆教) The Christian Church of the East (jǐng-jiào 景教) Manichaeism (míng-jiào
Three_Persian_religions
Egyptian writer
and a philosophical refutation of Manichaeism. The work serves both as a source on the doctrines of early Manichaeism, confirmed in part by Manichaean
Alexander_of_Lycopolis
Aspect of divine presence
386 CE, Augustine denounced Manichaeism. By then, Manichaeism had been supplanted by ascendant Christianity. Manichaeism's legacy is the word Manichaean—relating
Divine_light
Visual art forms associated with Manichaeism
Manichaeism has a rich tradition of visual art, starting with Mani himself writing the Book of Pictures. One of Mani's primary beliefs was that the arts
Manichaean_art
Two fundamental and often opposing concepts
Manichaeism was a major religion founded in the 3rd century AD by the Parthian prophet Mani (c. 216 – c. 274 AD), in the Sasanian Empire. Manichaeism
Dualism_in_cosmology
Iranian religion founded by Zoroaster
Muslims. Zoroastrianism is often compared with Manichaeism. Nominally an Iranian religion, Manichaeism was heavily inspired by Zoroastrianism because
Zoroastrianism
center of Manichaeism permanently shifted to Khorasan. Letters from Khorasan show the Miqlāsiyya-Mihriyya schism was still strong in 880. Manichaeism, following
Manichaean_schisms
Existence of Christ before his incarnation as Jesus
Knowledge instead of the Devil (AKA Prince of Darkness) who, according to Manichaeism, actually wanted humanity to stay away from it so they would remain trapped
Pre-existence_of_Christ
Founder of Buddhism
Buddha to be a reincarnation of Laozi. In the ancient Gnostic sect of Manichaeism, the Buddha is listed among the prophets who preached the word of God
The_Buddha
Manichaean leader
the persecution of Manichaeism has temporarily come to an end. In order to commemorate the sacrifice of Mosshin, the Manichaeism held a two-day Fasting
Mar_Sisin
3rd-century Manichean disciple
disciple of the prophet Mani. According to Manichean tradition, he spread Manichaeism eastward into Sogdiana during Mani's lifetime. Mar Ammo is well known
Mar_Ammo
Abrahamic monotheistic religion
Alevism Azalism/Bábism Baháʼí Faith Druze Faith Mormonism Mandaeism Manichaeism Rastafari Samaritanism Iranian Yazidism Yarsanism Zoroastrianism Indian
Islam
Fallen angel in various traditions
Uzza, or Ouza, is a fallen angel of apocryphal Abrahamic traditions and Manichaeism as the leader of the Watchers. The name "Shemyaza(z)" means "the (or
Samyaza
Disappeared holy book of the Manichaean religion
"Worthy"), also known as the Book of Pictures, was one of the holy books of Manichaeism. It was written and illustrated by its prophet, Mani, in Syriac, with
Arzhang
Mythical personification of evil
conceptualized earlier in Zorastrianism, was reestablished by Manichaeism. Manichaeism was a major religion founded in the third century AD by the Parthian
Devil
Religion of ancient Israel and Judah
Historical religions Prehistoric Paleolithic Near East Egyptian Semitic Manichaeism Mesopotamian Mithraism Indo-European Baltic Celtic Germanic Greek Gnosticism
Yahwism
Early Christian theologian (c.85–c.160)
not appear to have been the typical view of Gnostics." Antinomianism Manichaeism Genitive: Μαρκίωνος 115 years and six months from the start of Christ's
Marcion_of_Sinope
Philosophical traditions of Iran/Persia
thought, but nothing has been left in Persian writings.[citation needed] Manichaeism, founded by Mani, was influential from North Africa in the West, to China
Iranian_philosophy
Yuan dynasty silk painting
マニ教宇宙図) is a Yuan dynasty silk painting describing the cosmology of Manichaeism, in other words, the structure of universe according to Manichaean vision
Manichaean Diagram of the Universe
Manichaean_Diagram_of_the_Universe
Mystical concept of a heavenly man or world
Buddha, and Jesus. The stepping-stone from the Gnostic original man to Manichaeism was probably the older Mandaean conception, which may have exercised
Adam_Kadmon
Manichaen missionary
manuscript, "Incomplete scripture of Manichaeism" begins with Mar Adda asking Mani about the origin of the world. Manichaeism Mani Mar Sisin Cologne Mani Codex
Mar_Adda
Biblical sea monster
Leviathan is regarded as being coessential with a demon called Ur. In Manichaeism, an ancient religion influenced by Gnostic ideas, Leviathan is killed
Leviathan
Highest-ranking bishop in Christianity
The highest-ranking bishops in Eastern Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodoxy, the Roman Catholic Church (above major archbishop and primate), the Hussite Church
Patriarch
Texts central to a religion's tradition
Historical religions Prehistoric Paleolithic Near East Egyptian Semitic Manichaeism Mesopotamian Mithraism Indo-European Baltic Celtic Germanic Greek Gnosticism
Religious_text
Aspect of ancient Iranian society
time was Zoroastrianism, many other religions like Christianity and Manichaeism were also significant to Sasanian society. Zoroastrianism was the state
Religion in the Sasanian Empire
Religion_in_the_Sasanian_Empire
Gnostic religion of the 2nd and 3rd centuries
wife of Noah, may also have played a role, as seen in Mandaeism and Manichaeism. The Sethian cosmogonic myth gives a prologue to book of Genesis and
Sethianism
Christian Gnostic sect
of society into priests and laity (Mandaeism) or elect and hearers (Manichaeism) versus the work to liberate divine sparks being carried out by the Phibionite
Borborites
Soteriological system of Augustine of Hippo
(total inability to believe in Christ) was borrowed from Gnostic Manichaeism. Manichaeism taught that unborn babies and unbaptized infants were damned to
Augustinian_soteriology
Class of being in Gnosticism
Paulicianism Catharism Thomasines Persian Gnosticism Mani Manichaeism Chinese Gnosticism Chinese Manichaeism Islamic Gnosticism Druze Nusayrism Modern Modern schools
Aeon_(Gnosticism)
Ancient Mesopotamian city in Iraq
Gnostic Mandaean religion, the East Syrian Rite of Christianity, and Manichaeism, the religion founded by Mani. Christianity was introduced to Mesopotamia
Babylon
Eternal divine manifestation of good in Manichaeism
lit. 'Radiant Lord') is the eternal divine manifestation of good in Manichaeism, a four-fold deity, embracing divinity, light, power and goodness. His
Father_of_Greatness
Tang manuscript on Manichaeism
introduction to Manichaeism. Therefore, this manuscript is undoubtedly the most valuable original document for studying Manichaeism. Chinese Manichaean
Manichaean_Compendium
Gnostic term for Angel
paired demons are considered to rule together as single lords). (See Manichaeism § The World of Light for similar parallels.) Angels in Judaism Hierarchy
Luminary_(Gnosticism)
Extinct Siberian Turkic language of Central and East Asia
ninth century. The Uyghurs in Turfan and Qomul founded Qocho and adopted Manichaeism and Buddhism as their religions, while those in Gansu first founded the
Old_Uyghur
Concept in metaphysics
(2009). Manichaeism: General Survey (online ed.). Encyclopaedia Iranica. Sundermann, Werner (2011). Cosmogony and Cosmology: In Manichaeism (online ed
Anima_mundi
Earth, water, air, fire, and (later) aether
The classical elements typically refer to earth, water, fire, air, and (later) aether which were proposed to explain the nature and complexity of all matter
Classical_element
10th-century Bulgarian neo-Gnostic sect
Bulgarian lands (Manichaeism and Paulicianism), which were considered very dualistic, influenced the Bogomil movement. Manichaeism's origin is related
Bogomilism
Attribute in certain Indian religions
womb. Chinese Manichaeism borrowed the iconography of Chinese Buddhism, frequently depicting religious figures revered in Manichaeism seated upon lotus
Sacred_lotus_in_religious_art
843–1353 Uyghur kingdom in modern Xinjiang, China
adopted the writing system and religious faiths of the Sogdians, such as Manichaeism, Buddhism, and Christianity, but also looked to the Sogdians as "mentors"
Qocho
Gnostic mystical word with many meanings
Valentinus Valentinianism Persian Gnosticism Mani Manichaeism Chinese Gnosticism Chinese Manichaeism Islamic Gnosticism Druze Nusayrism Texts Clementine
Abraxas
Theological concept about the portion of God that resides within each human being
Paulicianism Catharism Thomasines Persian Gnosticism Mani Manichaeism Chinese Gnosticism Chinese Manichaeism Islamic Gnosticism Druze Nusayrism Modern Modern schools
Divine_spark
Last person through whom God speaks
In Mandaeism, John the Baptist is the greatest and final prophet. In Manichaeism, the founder Mani is believed by adherents of the faith to be the last
Last_prophet
Theological concept
Shangdi Hongjun Laozu Indian In Hinduism In Jainism In Sikhism Other In Manichaeism In Tenrikyo In Zoroastrism Names Allah Brahman Demiurge Deus God Khuda
Godhead
Malevolent creator in Gnosticism
Moralistic therapeutic deism Níðhöggr Outline of theology Prince of Darkness (Manichaeism) Problem of evil Problem of Hell Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia Serpents
Yaldabaoth
Title for a person or deity
Shangdi Hongjun Laozu Indian In Hinduism In Jainism In Sikhism Other In Manichaeism In Tenrikyo In Zoroastrism Names Allah Brahman Demiurge Deus God Khuda
Lord
Sacred book of the Manichaean religion, written by the founder Mani
romanized: Shāpuragān), Persian for "dedicated to Šābuhr", was a sacred book of Manichaeism authored by the religion's founder, Mani (c. 210–276 CE), originally
Shabuhragan
Iranian prophet and spiritual founder of Zoroastrianism
coexistence of forces of good and evil enabling humans to exercise free will. Manichaeism considered Zoroaster to be a figure in a line of prophets of which Mani
Zoroaster
Worship of stars and other heavenly bodies as deities
Invictus, which he contrasted with the Christian Nativity of Jesus. In Manichaeism, views on stars (abāxtarān) are mixed. On one hand, they are regarded
Worship_of_heavenly_bodies
History of Buddhism History of Hinduism History of Jainism Gnosticism Manichaeism Adventism Ahmadiyya Bábism Bahá'í Faith History of Spiritism History
History_of_religion
Ethnoreligious group of the Levant
traditions, including Christianity, Gnosticism, Neoplatonism, Zoroastrianism, Manichaeism, and Pythagoreanism.[page needed] This has led to the development of
Druze
List of historical and modern sects within Zoroastrianism
Zoroastrian despite its title. Some scholars and researchers consider Manichaeism to be a branch of Zoroastrianism.[better source needed] Mazdakism, a
List_of_Zoroastrianism_sects
Ancient Jewish Christian sect in Sassanid southern Mesopotamia
(dated from the fourth century) describes the parents of Mani, founder of Manichaeism, as "followers of the prophet Alchasaios", which scholars have identified
Elcesaites
3rd-century BCE Hebrew text
series on Manichaeism Scripture Cosmology Schisms History Prophets Mani Jesus (Ishoʻ Ziwā) Buddha Zoroaster Scripture Seven Treatises on Manichaeism Gospel
The_Book_of_Giants
Concept in Gnosticism
Valentinus Valentinianism Persian Gnosticism Mani Manichaeism Chinese Gnosticism Chinese Manichaeism Islamic Gnosticism Druze Nusayrism Texts Clementine
Kenoma
2nd-century Gnostic gospel
Valentinus Valentinianism Persian Gnosticism Mani Manichaeism Chinese Gnosticism Chinese Manichaeism Islamic Gnosticism Druze Nusayrism Texts Clementine
Gospel_of_Judas
First emanation of God in some Gnostic cosmogony
Valentinus Valentinianism Persian Gnosticism Mani Manichaeism Chinese Gnosticism Chinese Manichaeism Islamic Gnosticism Druze Nusayrism Texts Clementine
Barbelo
Gnostic deity of Barbelo
Paulicianism Catharism Thomasines Persian Gnosticism Mani Manichaeism Chinese Gnosticism Chinese Manichaeism Islamic Gnosticism Druze Nusayrism Modern Modern schools
Protophanes
Historian of Manichaeism and Christianity in Central Asia and China
Lieu, Samuel (1998). Manichaeism in Central Asia and China. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-43983-2. Lieu, Samuel N. C. (1994). Manichaeism in Mesopotamia and the
Samuel_N._C._Lieu
Sasanian province in Assyria and Babylonia (226–637 CE)
the primary religion, while other groups practiced Mandaeism, Judaism, Manichaeism, Zoroastrianism, and the ancient Assyro-Babylonian Mesopotamian religion
Asoristan
Order of humans in Gnosticism
Paulicianism Catharism Thomasines Persian Gnosticism Mani Manichaeism Chinese Gnosticism Chinese Manichaeism Islamic Gnosticism Druze Nusayrism Modern Modern schools
Pneumatic_(Gnosticism)
1989 novel by Paul Theroux
she knows there is another woman and that Andy will have to choose. Manichaeism, or the belief in the mingling of good and evil and the duality of nature
My_Secret_History
Concept that some ideas have universal applicability
by our unconditional acceptance of each other's peaceful doctrines." Manichaeism, like Christian Gnosticism and Zurvanism, was arguably in some ways inherently
Universalism
Gnostic term for Angel
Valentinus Valentinianism Persian Gnosticism Mani Manichaeism Chinese Gnosticism Chinese Manichaeism Islamic Gnosticism Druze Nusayrism Texts Clementine
Youel_(Gnosticism)
October 2013. "Manichaeism". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 3 June 2013. Retrieved 4 September 2013. "Manichaeism". New Advent Encyclopedia
Religion_in_Iran
Church in Los Angeles, United States
Valentinus Valentinianism Persian Gnosticism Mani Manichaeism Chinese Gnosticism Chinese Manichaeism Islamic Gnosticism Druze Nusayrism Texts Clementine
Ecclesia_Gnostica
Gnostic Christian movement
Gnostic systems, e.g. in Poimandres (in the Corpus Hermeticum) and in Manichaeism. According to Valentinus, the Anthropos no longer appears as the world-creative
Valentinianism
Mars
Valentinus Valentinianism Persian Gnosticism Mani Manichaeism Chinese Gnosticism Chinese Manichaeism Islamic Gnosticism Druze Nusayrism Texts Clementine
Sabaoth_(Gnosticism)
Gnostic text
Paulicianism Catharism Thomasines Persian Gnosticism Mani Manichaeism Chinese Gnosticism Chinese Manichaeism Islamic Gnosticism Druze Nusayrism Modern Modern schools
Interpretation_of_Knowledge
Entity that created the universe
Shangdi Hongjun Laozu Indian In Hinduism In Jainism In Sikhism Other In Manichaeism In Tenrikyo In Zoroastrism Names Allah Brahman Demiurge Deus God Khuda
Creator_deity
3rd century Bishop of Carrhae
time, the Acts functioned as an essential source for Mani's life and Manichaeism. In the first half of the 18th century their authenticity was refuted
Archelaus_(bishop_of_Carrhae)
3rd-century manichaean gospel written by Mani
εὐαγγέλιον ("good news") and was one of the seven original scriptures of Manichaeism. A number of fragments are preserved in the Cologne Mani-Codex (discovered
Gospel_of_Mani
In Manichaeism, the behavior of the Elect, the priestly class was traditionally bound by the Three Seals: Mouth, Hands, and Heart. By the Seal of the
Three_Seals_(Manichaeism)
Gnostic text
Valentinus Valentinianism Persian Gnosticism Mani Manichaeism Chinese Gnosticism Chinese Manichaeism Islamic Gnosticism Druze Nusayrism Texts Clementine
Pistis_Sophia
Belief that there is only one God
Egypt, the Platonic and Neoplatonic belief in the Monad, Mandaeism, Manichaeism, Waaqeffanna, and Zoroastrianism. Monotheistic traditions of the post-classical
Monotheism
Common Greek noun for knowledge
Valentinus Valentinianism Persian Gnosticism Mani Manichaeism Chinese Gnosticism Chinese Manichaeism Islamic Gnosticism Druze Nusayrism Texts Clementine
Gnosis
Christian philosopher and theologian (354–430)
that exist, live, and have intelligence or reason. Sermons directed at Manichaeism focused on their error of teaching the soul was part of God instead of
Augustine_of_Hippo
[citation needed] The first official reaction and legislation against Manichaeism from the Roman state took place under Diocletian. In an official edict
Religious persecution in the Roman Empire
Religious_persecution_in_the_Roman_Empire
Abjad-based writing system
in the Semitic family of alphabets and associated with the spread of Manichaeism from southwest to central Asia and beyond, beginning in the third century
Manichaean_script
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