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Type of molecule
Limonene (/ˈlɪmənˌiːn/) is a slightly yellow-green liquid aliphatic hydrocarbon classified as a cyclic monoterpene, and is the major component in the fragrance
Limonene
Topics referred to by the same term
Limonene synthase may refer to one of two enzymes: (R)-limonene synthase (4S)-limonene synthase This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
Limonene_synthase
Organic compound used as flavouring and analgesic
geranyl diphosphate. (−)-limonene synthase (LS) catalyzes the cyclization of geranyl diphosphate to (−)-limonene. (−)-Limonene-3-hydroxylase (L3OH), using
Menthol
Class of enzymes
The enzyme (R)-limonene synthase (EC 4.2.3.20) catalyzes the reversible chemical reaction geranyl diphosphate ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } (+)-(4R)-limonene
(R)-limonene_synthase
Protein domain
\rightleftharpoons } limonene-1,2-diol Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are limonene-1,2-epoxide and H2O, whereas its product is limonene-1,2-diol. This
Limonene-1,2-epoxide hydrolase
Limonene-1,2-epoxide_hydrolase
Essential oil produced in rind of oranges
composed of mostly (greater than 90%) d-limonene, and is often used in place of pure d-limonene. D-limonene can be extracted from the oil by distillation
Orange_oil
Limonene-1,2-diol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.297, NAD+-dependent limonene-1,2-diol dehydrogenase) is an enzyme with systematic name menth-8-ene-1,2-diol:NAD+
Limonene-1,2-diol dehydrogenase
Limonene-1,2-diol_dehydrogenase
Class of enzymes
(4S)-limonene synthase (EC 4.2.3.16) catalyzes the chemical reaction geranyl diphosphate ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } (−)-(4S)-limonene + diphosphate
(4S)-limonene_synthase
Class of enzymes
Limonene 1,2-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.107) is an enzyme with systematic name limonene,NAD(P)H:oxygen oxidoreductase. This enzyme catalyses the following
Limonene_1,2-monooxygenase
Class of enzymes
(S)-limonene 7-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.14.52) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction (S)-limonene + NADPH + H+ O2 H2O (–)-perillyl
(S)-limonene_7-monooxygenase
Difference in shape from a mirror image
is a commonly held misconception that (+)-limonene is found in oranges (causing its smell), and (–)-limonene is found in lemons (causing its smell). In
Chirality
Species of small fruit-bearing tree
the fruit, and is composed principally of limonene, which makes up around 93% of the total. Besides limonene and alpha-pinene (0.34%), both of which are
Kumquat
Class of enzymes
(S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.14.51) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction (S)-limonene + NADPH + H+ O2 H2O (−)-trans-carveol
(S)-limonene_6-monooxygenase
Chinese spice
beta-myrcene, limonene, 1,8-cineole, Z-beta-ocimene (J. Agri. & Food Chem., 44, 1096, 1996) Zanthoxylum armatum (Nepal)—linalool (50%), limonene, methyl cinnamate
Sichuan_pepper
Chemical compound
millennia in food. Food applications are mainly met by carvone made from limonene. R-(−)-Carvone is also used for air freshening products and, like many
Carvone
Chemical compound
Perillyl alcohol and its precursor limonene are naturally occurring monocyclic terpenes derived from the mevalonate pathway in plants. Perillyl alcohol
Perillyl_alcohol
Unsaturated hydrocarbon
eucalyptol, ocimene, myrcene, limonene, linalool, menthol, camphene and pinenes are used in perfumes and cosmetic products. Limonene and perillyl alcohol are
Monoterpene
Species of tree
as liniment for rheumatism. Aged heartwood is rich in terpenes such as limonene and α-terpineol. In 2006, the government of Peru listed Bursera graveolens
Bursera_graveolens
Class of enzymes
In enzymology, a (S)-limonene 3-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.14.99) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction (−)-(S)-limonene + NADPH + H+ + O2 ⇌ {\displaystyle
(S)-limonene_3-monooxygenase
Mammalian protein found in humans
anxiolytic diazepam. CYP2C19 has been annotated as (R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase and (S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase in UniProt. The gene encodes a member
CYP2C19
Chemical compound
peppermint and spearmint is limonene. Oxidation of the (S) enantiomer by (S)-limonene 6-monooxygenase gives (−)-trans-carveol: (S)-limonene (−)-trans-carveol
Carveol
Liquid distilled from pine resin
monoterpenes α-pinene and β-pinene, with lesser amounts of carene, camphene, limonene, and terpinolene. Nowadays, turpentine is rarely the product of distillation
Turpentine
Brand of soap
of the current ingredients list reveals items such as limonene, whose variant called L-limonene is characterised by a "turpentine-like odour" also typical
Pears_(soap)
Citrus fruit
distinctively bitter taste. Orange peel contains the bitter substances limonene and naringin. Zest is scraped from the coloured outer part of the peel
Orange_(fruit)
Hybrid citrus fruit
acid than oranges. Their oils, like other citrus fruits, contain mostly limonene as well as myrcene, linalool, α-pinene and many complex aromatics. They
Clementine
Cannabis strain
including cannabis. The most common dominant terpenes found in this strain are limonene, which is also found in citrus fruits such as lemons, and terpinolene.
Super_Lemon_Haze
Chemical compound
in the presence of sulfuric acid. An alternative route starts from limonene: Limonene reacts with trifluoroacetic acid in a Markovnikov addition to a trifluoroacetate
Terpineol
Class of oily organic compounds found in plants
are susceptible to acid-induced carbocation formation. Selected terpenes Limonene, a monoterpene. Carvone is a monoterpenoid, a modified monoterpene. Pinene
Terpene
Essential oil of the bitter orange blossom
sensitisation due to a high content of aromatic terpenes; e.g., linalool, limonene, farnesol, geraniol, and citral. It blends well with any citrus oil, various
Neroli
Gum resin
crystalline substance umbelliferone. It also contains α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene, cadinene, 3-carene, and ocimene. In the Book of Exodus 30:34, it is mentioned
Galbanum
Cleaning product for dissolving unwanted adhesives
to be treated rather than running off. Common solvents used include D-limonene, aliphatic alkanes, and acetone. Heptane is also used as an adhesive remover
Adhesive_remover
Chemical compound
In Perilla frutescens, the monoterpene, (S)-limonene, undergoes two oxidation steps. The enzyme (S)-limonene 7-monooxygenase gives (–)-perillyl alcohol
Perillaldehyde
Class of enzymes
participates in monoterpenoid biosynthesis and the degradation of the terpenes limonene and pinene. Enzyme 1.1.1.275 at KEGG Pathway Database. Bouwmeester HJ,
(+)-trans-carveol dehydrogenase
(+)-trans-carveol_dehydrogenase
Citrus fruit native to tropical Southeast Asia
percent; minor components include citronellol (10 percent), nerol and limonene. From a stereochemical point of view, it is remarkable that makrut lime
Kaffir_lime
Cold-pressed essential oil
compounds as coumarins and furanocoumarins. The main compounds in the oil are limonene, linalyl acetate, linalool, γ-terpinene and β-pinene, and in smaller quantities
Bergamot_essential_oil
Class of enzymes
(R)-limonene 6-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.14.53) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction (R)-limonene + NADPH + H+ O2 H2O (+)-trans-carveol
(R)-limonene_6-monooxygenase
Making a hole in a balloon
even skewer without the balloon popping. cis-1,4-polyisoprene toluene limonene Applying an organic solvent such as toluene onto a balloon's surface can
Balloon_popping
Spice
be as high as 8%. The oil is typically 45% α-terpineol, 27% myrcene, 8% limonene, 6% menthone, 3% β-phellandrene, 2% 1,8-cineol, 2% sabinene and 2% heptane
Cardamom
Chemical compound
various terpenoids, including p-cymene, terpinolenes, phellandrene, and limonene. It is a colorless liquid with a fragrant fennel-like odor. It occurs naturally
P-Menthane
Genus of flowering plants
vary between species but may include estragole, carvacrol, linalool or limonene. The leaves of certain species, such as L. graveolens, can be used as a
Lippia
Apparatus used to distill liquid mixtures
and the distillation is used solely to harvest botanical flavors such as limonene and other terpene like compounds. The ethyl alcohol is relatively unchanged
Still
Genus of grasses
Henrique; Rozza, Ariane Leite (2019-09-04). "Gastroprotective effect of limonene in rats: Influence on oxidative stress, inflammation and gene expression"
Cymbopogon
Essential oil from the bitter orange tree
anthranilate(50%), γ-Terpinene(15%), Limonene(5%), p-Cymene(3%) Petitgrain citronnier Citrus limon Lemon leaves, (twigs, branches) Limonene, Citral, Geranyl acetate
Petitgrain
Species of fly
mild insect repellent given their monoterpene content of citronellol and limonene. Insect repellents such as DEET may be used. Newer and safer repellents
Highland_midge
Inflammation of the skin due to contact with an allergen
products, insecticides, antiseptics, soaps, perfumes, and dental products Limonene and Linalool are also commonly implicated in allergic contact dermatitis
Allergic_contact_dermatitis
Species of plant in the carrot family
anise-like flavor and aroma that comes from essential oils, mostly carvone, limonene, and anethole. Caraway is used as a spice in breads, especially rye bread
Caraway
Fragrant essential oil derived from lemongrass
(5–15%), geraniol (18–20%) and geranyl acetate (2%), citronellol (6–8%), limonene (9–11%), and methyl isoeugenol (7–11%). CAS: 91771-61-8 CAS: 8000-29-1
Citronella_oil
Oil from the seed of the tung tree
mineral spirits to make them easier to work with.[citation needed] Limonene and D-limonene are less toxic alternatives for mineral spirits.[citation needed]
Tung_oil
Chemical compound
against the food-borne pathogen Cronobacter sakazakii. Citronellal Geraniol Limonene Nerol Vaporizer Citral, The Merck Index, 12th Edition. Waghulde, S.; Parmar
Citral
Species of flowering plant (bog-myrtle)
waxy drupe. Main components of essential oils are: 1,8-cineole, α-pinene, limonene, selina-3(7)-diene, and (E)-nerolidol. The main components found in both
Myrica_gale
Turkish perfume
from fig blossoms, jasmine, rose or citrus ingredients (usually contains limonene and linalool). It tends to be seen in many Turkish homes where it is offered
Kolonya
Species of conifer tree
oil which contains mostly D-Limonene. The oil derived from foliage and twigs has two main constituents: safrole and limonene. One minor compound is the
Juniperus_virginiana
Scraped skin of citrus fruit
peels can allegedly serve as an exfoliate and be used to treat calluses. Limonene "Definition of ZEST". www.merriam-webster.com. 2025-01-27. Retrieved 2025-01-30
Zest_(ingredient)
Odoriferous defensive structure
methyl 3-hydroxybutanoate, 3-hydroxybutanoic acid, α-pinene, myrcene, limonene, β-phellandrene, (Z)-ocimene, (E)-ocimene, β-caryophyllene, (E)-β-farnesene
Osmeterium
Strain of cannabis
present and contributes to the earthy aroma of the strain, as well as Limonene which adds a lemon aroma/flavour. First recorded in the United States in
Acapulco_Gold
Aromatic resin from Boswellia trees
essential oil is mainly monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, such as A-pinene, limonene, and B-pinene. The terpenic smell of frankincense oil is described as "terpenic
Frankincense
Species of flowering plant
oil are as follows: pulegone menthone menthol (−)-β-pinene (−)-α-pinene limonene isomenthone piperic acid eucalyptol carvone In the flowering tops 19 compounds
Minthostachys_mollis
Effervescent bath enhancer
irritation. Common skin irritants and allergens found in bath bombs include limonene, linalool and sodium lauryl sulfate. The main ingredients—citric acid and
Bath_bomb
Species of flowering plant
invasive weed. Epazote essential oil contains ascaridole (up to 70%), limonene, p-cymene, and smaller amounts of numerous other monoterpenes and monoterpene
Dysphania_ambrosioides
American brand of carbonated water
claiming that LaCroix uses synthetic ingredients including ethyl butanoate, limonene and linalool propionate. The company responded that "all the flavor essences
La_Croix_Sparkling_Water
Species of flowering plant
Yuja tea Products Calcium citrate Citric acid Chenpi Dried lime Lemonene Limonene Marmalade Neroli Oleo saccharum Orange flower water Orange oil Orange oil
Citrus_australasica
Chemical compound (CH3C(O)CH2CH3)
by butanone in confined spaces, and suggested 1,1,1-trichloroethane or limonene as safer alternatives. Butanone is a constituent of tobacco smoke. It is
Butanone
Species of flowering plant
flavory terpene and diterpene compounds, including pinene, vanillin, D-limonene, and thujene. Croton eluteria is used to aid digestion. Cascarilla bark
Croton_eluteria
Red-orange pigment of the terpenoids class
Isovaleric acid Monoterpenes (C10H16)(2) Acyclic Ocimene Myrcenes Monocyclic Limonene Terpinene Phellandrene Bicyclic Pinene (α and β) Camphene Thujene Sabinene
Β-Carotene
Method of separation in organic chemistry
separate volatile essential oils from plant material. for example, to extract limonene (boiling point 176 °C) from orange peels. Steam distillation once was a
Steam_distillation
Small shrub in the Heath family
(components: methyl salicylate (about 98%), α-pinene, myrcene, delta-3-carene, limonene, 3,7-guaiadiene, and delta-cadinene) that gives such plants a distinctive
Wintergreen
Wood from angiosperm trees
sesqui- and diterpenes, such as α- and β-pinenes, 3-carene, β-myrcene, limonene, hinokitiol, δ-cadinene, α- and δ-cadinols, borneol. Hardwood is rich in
Hardwood
Chemical with a high vapor pressure at room temperature
other indoor or outdoor air pollutants. Some VOCs, such as styrene and limonene, can react with nitrogen oxides or with ozone to produce new oxidation
Volatile_organic_compound
extracted from the peel of the fruit. Used in aromatherapy. Contains 90% limonene. Henna oil, used in body art. Known to be dangerous to people with certain
List_of_essential_oils
Species of flowering plant
extracted from wild mint include menthol, menthone, isomenthone, neomenthol, limonene, methyl acetate, piperitone, beta-caryophyllene, alpha-pinene, beta-pinene
Mentha_arvensis
Species of flowering plant in the celery family
main components of stalk leaf oil, and rosette leaf oil, as monoterpenes (limonene, and α- and β-pinene), sesquiterpenes, and hydrocarbons. (Z)-Falcarinol
Eryngium_planum
Modified type of wood made transparent
tested an eco-friendly alternative: limonene acrylate, a monomer made from limonene, into an acrylate. Limonene is a common cyclic terpene that can be
Transparent_wood_composite
Variety of fruit
Yuja tea Products Calcium citrate Citric acid Chenpi Dried lime Lemonene Limonene Marmalade Neroli Oleo saccharum Orange flower water Orange oil Orange oil
Balady_citron
Environmentally sustainable solvent
gross formula (C5H8)n. D-limonene, a monoterpene, is one of the best known solvents in this class, as is turpentine. D-limonene is extracted from citrus
Green_solvent
Species of tree
skin, scars, stress, and wounds. The constituents include phellandrene, limonene, elemol, elemicin, terpineol, carvone, and terpinolene. In high doses,
Canarium_luzonicum
Form of pest control regarding fleas
Cyromazine Fenazaquin Fenoxycarb Fipronil Fluralaner Hydramethylnon Indoxacarb Limonene Lotilaner Pyridaben Pyriprole Sarolaner Adjuvants (Piperonyl butoxide,
Flea_treatments
Species of flowering plant
Camphene(0.4–0.6%) Guaiazulene (? %) Linalool (27.2–43.1%) Geraniol (? %) Limonene (0.2–0.9%) Lavandula latifolia can be used in aromatherapy. Khela, S. (2013)
Lavandula_latifolia
Species of tree
Yuja tea Products Calcium citrate Citric acid Chenpi Dried lime Lemonene Limonene Marmalade Neroli Oleo saccharum Orange flower water Orange oil Orange oil
Citrus_myrtifolia
Spice, herbal drug
compounds, and hydrocarbons, such as pinene, sabinene, terpinen-4-ol, limonene, and myrcene, were isolated. While classified as generally recognized as
Juniper_berry
Chemical process
desired product (e.g. essential oils). These essential oils can include limonene and other straight solvents. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most used supercritical
Supercritical fluid extraction
Supercritical_fluid_extraction
Non-alcoholic drink, sometimes in cocktails
Yuja tea Products Calcium citrate Citric acid Chenpi Dried lime Lemonene Limonene Marmalade Neroli Oleo saccharum Orange flower water Orange oil Orange oil
Lime_cordial
Citrus fruit and plant
Yuja tea Products Calcium citrate Citric acid Chenpi Dried lime Lemonene Limonene Marmalade Neroli Oleo saccharum Orange flower water Orange oil Orange oil
Citrus_unshiu
Distilled alcoholic drink flavoured with juniper
juniper berries. Citric and berry flavours come from chemicals such as limonene and gamma-terpinene linalool found in limes, blueberries and hops amongst
Gin
Clorox brand cleaning product
Substituted Chromophore (Yellow) Fragrance Ingredient (CAS number withheld) Limonene Water Ethanalomine Lauramine Oxide Tetrapotassium EDTA Myristamine Oxide
Formula_409
Flowering plant species in the carrot family
trans-anethole and estragole (resembling licorice), fenchone (mint and camphor), limonene, 1-octen-3-ol (mushroom). Other phytochemicals found in fennel fruits include
Fennel
Citrus fruit and plant
Yuja tea Products Calcium citrate Citric acid Chenpi Dried lime Lemonene Limonene Marmalade Neroli Oleo saccharum Orange flower water Orange oil Orange oil
Sudachi
Species of conifer
including but not limited to the following: sabinene, elemol, myrcene, limonene, terpinen-4-ol, eudesmols, α-terpinyl acetate, α-terpinolene, α-terpineol
Chamaecyparis_obtusa
Genus of flowering plants in the daisy family
therapy Intravenous ascorbic acid Insulin potentiation therapy Krebiozen Limonene Lipoic acid Megavitamin therapy Miracle Mineral Supplement Oxygen therapy
Echinacea
hydrocarbons. Prominent components are sabinene, α-pinene, β-pinene, and limonene.[citation needed] A major oxygen-containing component is terpinen-4-ol
Nutmeg_oil
Ground fruit of the family Piperaceae
also contains aroma-contributing terpenes, including germacrene (11%), limonene (10%), pinene (10%), alpha-phellandrene (9%), and beta-caryophyllene (7%)
Black_pepper
Orange cultivar
Yuja tea Products Calcium citrate Citric acid Chenpi Dried lime Lemonene Limonene Marmalade Neroli Oleo saccharum Orange flower water Orange oil Orange oil
Cara_Cara_navel_orange
Class of plant-derived organic compounds with soap-like properties
Isovaleric acid Monoterpenes (C10H16)(2) Acyclic Ocimene Myrcenes Monocyclic Limonene Terpinene Phellandrene Bicyclic Pinene (α and β) Camphene Thujene Sabinene
Saponin
citrus-fruit oils are cheaper than most other essential oils. In fact, limonene extracted from these fruit is available as an affordable naturally-derived
Fragrance_extraction
Chemical compound that has a smell or odor
Compound name Fragrance Natural occurrence Chemical structure Limonene Orange Orange, lemon Camphor Camphor Camphor laurel Menthol Menthol Mentha Carvone1
Fragrance_compound
Carotenoid pigment
Isovaleric acid Monoterpenes (C10H16)(2) Acyclic Ocimene Myrcenes Monocyclic Limonene Terpinene Phellandrene Bicyclic Pinene (α and β) Camphene Thujene Sabinene
Lycopene
Species of flowering plant
oil, made from the leaves of the sambong, which have mostly camphor and limonene, but also has traces of borneol, saponin, sesquiterpene, and tannin. Sambong
Blumea_balsamifera
Control of harmful species
Cyromazine Fenazaquin Fenoxycarb Fipronil Fluralaner Hydramethylnon Indoxacarb Limonene Lotilaner Pyridaben Pyriprole Sarolaner Adjuvants (Piperonyl butoxide,
Pest_control
lycopersicum (tomato) gives a mixture of tricyclene, camphene, beta-myrcene and limonene. Falara V, Akhtar TA, Nguyen TT, Spyropoulou EA, Bleeker PM, Schauvinhold
Tricyclene_synthase
Class of aromatic organic chemicals found in plants
Isovaleric acid Monoterpenes (C10H16)(2) Acyclic Ocimene Myrcenes Monocyclic Limonene Terpinene Phellandrene Bicyclic Pinene (α and β) Camphene Thujene Sabinene
Terpenoid
Class of chemical compounds
Isovaleric acid Monoterpenes (C10H16)(2) Acyclic Ocimene Myrcenes Monocyclic Limonene Terpinene Phellandrene Bicyclic Pinene (α and β) Camphene Thujene Sabinene
Triterpene
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