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Loop-level parallelism is a form of parallelism in software programming that is concerned with extracting parallel tasks from loops. The opportunity for
Loop-level_parallelism
Parallelization across multiple processors in parallel computing environments
a[i] + b[i]; } We can exploit data parallelism in the preceding code to execute it faster as the arithmetic is loop independent. Parallelization of the
Data_parallelism
Measure of the amount of work needed to perform a computing task
amount of parallelism is achieved at instruction level, followed by loop-level parallelism. At instruction and loop level, fine-grained parallelism is achieved
Granularity (parallel computing)
Granularity_(parallel_computing)
Programming paradigm in which many processes are executed simultaneously
different forms of parallel computing: bit-level, instruction-level, data, and task parallelism. Parallelism has long been employed in high-performance
Parallel_computing
parallelism is a method to perform loop-level parallelism by pipelining the statements in a loop. Pipelined parallelism may exist at different levels
DOPIPE
DOACROSS parallelism is a parallelization technique used to perform Loop-level parallelism by utilizing synchronisation primitives between statements
DOACROSS_parallelism
Process to determine relationships among statements
Banerjee test Alias analysis DOPIPE Loop Level Parallelism Loop transformation Loop splitting Loop fusion Loop interchange Loop skewing Automatic parallelization
Loop_dependence_analysis
Programming language with hardware abstraction
and call stacks, high-level languages deal with variables, arrays, objects, arithmetic and Boolean expressions, functions, loops, threads, locks, and other
High-level programming language
High-level_programming_language
Inherent parallelism in expressed computation
implicit parallelism is a characteristic of a programming language that allows a compiler or interpreter to automatically exploit the parallelism inherent
Implicit_parallelism
scalar elements only. To exploit parallelism that occurs across iterations within a parallel program (loop-level parallelism), the need grew for compilers
Privatization (computer programming)
Privatization_(computer_programming)
Rhetorical device
speech, from the folk level to the professional. An entire issue of the journal Oral Tradition has been devoted to articles on parallelism in languages from
Parallelism_(rhetoric)
Compiler optimization
data locality, instruction-level parallelism, and loop overhead (branching, incrementing, etc.) that may make loop fusion, loop fission, or neither, the
Loop_fission_and_fusion
Compiler transformation of sequential programs for parallel execution
together with program transformations that expose or increase usable parallelism. Loops have historically been an important target for automatic parallelization
Automatic_parallelization
Central computer component that executes instructions
CPUs devote a lot of semiconductor area to caches and instruction-level parallelism to increase performance and to CPU modes to support operating systems
Central_processing_unit
kernels are typically structured to expose this level of parallelism, using techniques such as vectorization, loop unrolling, or compiler-driven transformations
Hardware/software_co-design
Technique in computer software design
parallelization or another loop overhead reduction of the loop nests. (Nested loops occur when one loop is inside of another loop.) One classical usage is
Loop_nest_optimization
Increasing execution speed and reducing the overheads associated with loops
research as of the time of this writing (2010). Loop nest optimization Polytope model Scalable parallelism Scalable locality In the book Reasoning About
Loop_optimization
Open standard for parallelizing
Interface (MPI), such that OpenMP is used for parallelism within a (multi-core) node while MPI is used for parallelism between nodes. There have also been efforts
OpenMP
Matrix reduction algorithm
Navarro and J. Torres. Strategies for Efficient Exploitation of Loop-level Parallelism in Java. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience(Java
LU_reduction
Loop transformation technique
Continue loop if $7 > 0 Computer programming portal Don't repeat yourself Instruction level parallelism Just-in-time compilation Loop fusion Loop splitting
Loop_unrolling
Case in parallel computing
based on loop unrolling. This technique, used for conventional vector machines, tries to find and exploit SIMD parallelism at the loop level. It consists
Automatic_vectorization
Message-passing system for parallel computers
and pbdMPI, where Rmpi focuses on manager-workers parallelism while pbdMPI focuses on SPMD parallelism. Both implementations fully support Open MPI or MPICH2
Message_Passing_Interface
Method of improving instruction-level parallelism
instruction pipelining is a technique for implementing instruction-level parallelism within a single processor. Pipelining attempts to keep every part
Instruction_pipelining
Hardware cache of a central processing unit
last-level cache (LLC). Additional techniques are used for increasing the level of parallelism when LLC is shared between multiple cores, including slicing it into
CPU_cache
Improving the efficiency of software
techniques involve instruction scheduling, instruction-level parallelism, data-level parallelism, cache optimization techniques (i.e., parameters that
Program_optimization
Way of setting up and executing parallel computer programs
tasks: the fork primitive allows the programmer to specify potential parallelism, which the implementation then maps onto actual parallel execution. The
Fork–join_model
Computer runtime parallelization technique
Software-based Speculative Parallelism (PDF). FDDO-3. pp. 1–10. Chen, Michael K.; Olukotun, Kunle (1998). "Exploiting Method-Level Parallelism in Single-Threaded
Speculative_multithreading
Optimization technique in computing
execution, improve program performance. It increases ILP (Instruction Level Parallelism) along the important execution path by statically predicting frequent
Trace_scheduling
Type of program in computer graphics
directly in application code written in a high level language. Compute kernels roughly correspond to inner loops when implementing algorithms in traditional
Shader
polymorphous array capable of exploiting instruction-, thread-, and data-level parallelism; and PACT XPP offered a self-reconfiguring commercial fabric. From
Coarse-grained reconfigurable array
Coarse-grained_reconfigurable_array
Programming language
based on ANSI C, with the addition of Cilk-specific keywords to signal parallelism. When the Cilk keywords are removed from Cilk source code, the result
Cilk
Collusion between competitors
There are two types of tacit collusion: concerted action and conscious parallelism. In a concerted action, also known as concerted activity, competitors
Tacit_collusion
announcements. Multi-core processors are intended to exploit a thread-level parallelism, identified by software. Hence, the most challenging task is to find
Binary Modular Dataflow Machine
Binary_Modular_Dataflow_Machine
Tool to convert sequential code to parallel
(pthreads) functions and OpenMP constructs. The YUCCA tool does task- and loop-level parallelizing. Par4All is an automatic parallelizing and optimizing compiler
Automatic parallelization tool
Automatic_parallelization_tool
Digital circuit
Retrieved 2016-12-14. "IBM Stretch (7030) -- Aggressive Uniprocessor Parallelism". "S-1 Supercomputer". Murray, J.E.; Salett, R.M.; Hetherington, R.C
Branch_predictor
Technique in computer programming to optimize loop execution
known to assembly language programmers of machines with instruction-level parallelism since such architectures existed. Effective compiler generation of
Software_pipelining
Computing technique used to achieve parallelism
term that has been used to refer to computational models for exploiting parallelism whereby multiple processors cooperate in the execution of a program in
Single_program,_multiple_data
Compiler optimization technique
scheduling is a compiler optimization used to improve instruction-level parallelism, which improves performance on machines with instruction pipelines
Instruction_scheduling
Form of input/output processing
order to perform asynchronous I/O. (Of course, at the microscopic level the parallelism may be rather coarse and exhibit some non-ideal characteristics
Asynchronous_I/O
Set of computers configured in a distributed computing system
business use). Within the same time frame, while computer clusters used parallelism outside the computer on a commodity network, supercomputers began to
Computer_cluster
2018 open and royalty-free video coding format
non-binary arithmetic coding helps evade patents but also adds bit-level parallelism to an otherwise serial process, reducing clock rate demands on hardware
AV1
Parallel programming model
In computing, algorithmic skeletons, or parallelism patterns, are a high-level parallel programming model for parallel and distributed computing. Algorithmic
Algorithmic_skeleton
Computer programming language designed for digital image processing
Saman (2013-06-16). "Halide: A language and compiler for optimizing parallelism, locality, and recomputation in image processing pipelines". Proceedings
Halide_(programming_language)
Array of processing elements specialized for parallelizable workloads
of scalable parallelism and data reuse. Consider a kernel, i.e. a function to be applied to several inputs, expressed as one or more loops; this means
Spatial_architecture
Programming situation where an instruction refers to a prior instruction's data
instruction 3 is also truly dependent on instruction 1. Instruction level parallelism is therefore not an option in this example. An anti-dependency occurs
Data_dependency
Open-source data analytics cluster computing framework
Spark provides an interface for programming clusters with implicit data parallelism and fault tolerance. Originally developed at the University of California
Apache_Spark
Ability of a CPU to provide multiple threads of execution concurrently
has become more popular as efforts to further exploit instruction-level parallelism have stalled since the late 1990s. This allowed the concept of throughput
Multithreading (computer architecture)
Multithreading_(computer_architecture)
Type of computer processor design
to the buses, which provides opportunities for instruction-level parallelism. The parallelism is statically defined by the programmer. In this respect (and
Transport triggered architecture
Transport_triggered_architecture
Sequence in computer science
span and more parallelism but is not work-efficient. The second is work-efficient but requires double the span and offers less parallelism. These are presented
Prefix_sum
Compiler that optimizes generated code
Most high-level programming languages share common programming constructs and abstractions, such as branching constructs (if, switch), looping constructs
Optimizing_compiler
Revision of the C++ programming language released in 2026
(22 November 2024). "std::simd - merge data-parallel types from the Parallelism TS 2" (PDF). open-std.org. WG21. Sutter, Herb. "Trip report: June 2025
C++26
Type of computer processor
task-level parallelism in many complex digital signal processor (DSP) applications, and also computes many large tasks using fine-grained parallelism. AsAP
Asynchronous array of simple processors
Asynchronous_array_of_simple_processors
Partition of a graph whose components are reachable from all vertices
have theoretical guarantee on the parallelism (consider if a graph has no edges, the algorithm requires O(n) levels of recursions). Blelloch et al. in
Strongly_connected_component
Multi-paradigm system programming language
range : iota; import std.parallelism : parallel; void main() { foreach (i; iota(11).parallel) { // The body of the foreach loop is executed in parallel
D_(programming_language)
Instruction in computer program
is satisfied that causes the loop to terminate. Loops also qualify as branch instructions. At the machine level, loops are implemented as ordinary conditional
Branch_(computer_science)
Programming paradigm based on formal logic
it goes into an infinite loop. However, top-down execution with tabling gives the same answers and terminates without looping. Like Datalog, Answer Set
Logic_programming
Routines for performing common linear algebra operations
some algorithms. Initially, these subroutines used hard-coded loops for their low-level operations. For example, if a subroutine needed to perform a matrix
Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms
Basic_Linear_Algebra_Subprograms
Processor with instructions capable of multi-step operations
for operands of a typical CISC machine may limit the instruction-level parallelism that can be extracted from the code, although this is strongly mediated
Complex instruction set computer
Complex_instruction_set_computer
Mathematical algorithm
is not an obvious candidate for massive parallelism. Recent research works have shown that massive parallelism is applicable to coordinate descent by relaxing
Coordinate_descent
Instructions directly executable by a computer
cycles (RISC) Very long instruction word – Computer architecture to aid parallelism On early decimal machines, patterns of characters, digits and digit sign
Machine_code
In computing, a lock which causes a thread to loop continuously
is a lock that causes a thread trying to acquire it to simply wait in a loop ("spin") while repeatedly checking whether the lock is available. Since the
Spinlock
Programming language
delimited continuations. These changes enable support for shared-memory parallelism and color-blind concurrency, respectively. OCaml's development continued
OCaml
Algorithm for modelling sequential data
Model parallelism divides a model itself across devices. Tensor parallelisms splits operations within individual layers, while pipeline parallelism assigns
Transformer_(deep_learning)
General-purpose programming language
and parallelism: Multiple tasks can be run simultaneously. Python contains modules such as `multiprocessing` to support this form of parallelism. Moreover
Python_(programming_language)
several different forms of parallel computing: bit-level, instruction-level, data, and task parallelism. parameter In computer programming, a special kind
Glossary_of_computer_science
Software related to robots
classes to handle parallelism and the complexity that comes with it, like concurrent access to shared resources. URBI provides a higher level of abstraction
Robot_software
Type of parallel processing
it should not be confused with an ISA. Such machines exploit data level parallelism, but not concurrency: there are simultaneous (parallel) computations
Single instruction, multiple data
Single_instruction,_multiple_data
Lightweight threading implemented in userspace
thread through co-operative concurrency and can therefore not achieve parallelism performance gains like operating system threads. The main benefit of
Green_thread
Array data structure that compactly stores bits
simple set data structure. A bit array is effective at exploiting bit-level parallelism in hardware to perform operations quickly. A typical bit array stores
Bit_array
Open question in philosophy of how abstract minds interact with physical bodies
whether other systems of equal complexity lack such features. The massive parallelism of neural networks allows redundant populations of neurons to mediate
Mind–body_problem
Functions whose execution can be paused
order, without changing the overall outcome, but they do not provide parallelism, because they do not execute multiple tasks simultaneously. The advantages
Coroutine
metaheuristic. To this end, concepts and technologies from the field of parallelism in computer science are used to enhance and even completely modify the
Parallel_metaheuristic
Family of RISC-based computer architectures
performance of true single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) vector parallelism. This vector mode was therefore removed shortly after its introduction
ARM_architecture_family
Property of some operation(s) in concurrent programming
the cost of large numbers of locks against the benefits of increased parallelism. Another approach, favoured by researchers (but not yet widely used in
Linearizability
Visualisation of computer system processes
combined fragments, which are then used to model interactions that include parallelism, conditional branches, and optional interactions. Message sequence chart
Sequence_diagram
Programming language
concurrent operations (goroutines) across multiple CPUs; this can achieve parallelism for a properly written program. The primary concurrency construct is
Go_(programming_language)
Programming abstraction
computing platform and programming model that higher level languages can use to exploit parallelism. In CUDA, the kernel is executed with the aid of threads
Thread block (CUDA programming)
Thread_block_(CUDA_programming)
Series of pioneering microprocessors from the 1980s
internal parallelism has been one driving force behind improvements in conventional CPU designs. Instead of explicit thread-level parallelism (as is used
Transputer
Mathematical-logic system
However, the lambda calculus does not offer any explicit constructs for parallelism. One can add constructs such as futures to the lambda calculus. Other
Lambda_calculus
Algorithms which recursively solve subproblems
can be converted into simple loops. Under this broad definition, however, every algorithm that uses recursion or loops could be regarded as a "divide-and-conquer
Divide-and-conquer_algorithm
Hardware description language
events in the queue are processed. VHDL has constructs to handle the parallelism inherent in hardware designs, but these constructs (processes) differ
VHDL
Specialized computer language used to describe electronic circuits
simulation. Historically, design verification was a laborious, repetitive loop of writing and running simulation test cases against the design under test
Hardware_description_language
Optical instrument for non-contact measurement of angles
autocollimators are often used for aligning laser rod ends and checking the face parallelism of optical windows and wedges. Electronic and digital autocollimators
Autocollimator
Software that provides access that hides details
(January 2011). "Using simple abstraction to reinvent computing for parallelism". Communications of the ACM. 54 (1): 75–85. doi:10.1145/1866739.1866757
Abstraction (computer science)
Abstraction_(computer_science)
differ in the level of locality of reference and drastically affect cache performance, and also have implications for the approach to parallelism and distribution
Memory_access_pattern
Model that describes the programmable interface of a computer processor
(EPIC) architectures. These architectures seek to exploit instruction-level parallelism with less hardware than RISC and CISC by making the compiler responsible
Instruction_set_architecture
Computer processor which works on arrays of several numbers at once
much slower memory access operations. The Cray design used pipeline parallelism to implement vector instructions rather than multiple ALUs. In addition
Vector_processor
Self-balancing binary search tree data structure
After relabeling P to N the loop invariant is fulfilled so that the rebalancing can be iterated on one black level (= 1 tree level) higher. The sibling S is
Red–black_tree
Electronic communication subsystem on an integrated circuit
links of the network-on-chip are shared by many signals. A high level of parallelism is achieved, because all data links in the NoC can operate simultaneously
Network_on_a_chip
Class of artificial neural networks
quadruplets of atoms are memory-intensive at the level of individual graphs, making standard data parallelism — where each GPU processes a separate sample
Graph_neural_network
Software analysis tool
Archived from the original (PDF) on April 16, 2014. "Design Code for Parallelism and Offloading with Intel® Advisor". "Computer-Aided Formulation case
Intel_Advisor
Computer programming paradigm
over 50:1 and continues to increase with algorithmic complexity. Data parallelism, which exists in a kernel when the same function is applied to all records
Stream_processing
Network packet distribution with multiple cores
"Partition-Aware Packet Steering Using XDP and eBPF for Improving Application-Level Parallelism". Proceedings of the 1st ACM CoNEXT Workshop on Emerging in-Network
Multi-core network packet steering
Multi-core_network_packet_steering
Divide and conquer sorting algorithm
reaches a parallelism of Θ ( n ( log n ) 2 ) {\textstyle \Theta \left({\frac {n}{(\log n)^{2}}}\right)} , which is much higher than the parallelism of the
Merge_sort
Form of conditionals in computer programming
more complex. Branch predictor Control flow Delay slot Instruction-level parallelism Optimizing compiler Pipeline stall Software pipelining Speculative
Predication (computer architecture)
Predication_(computer_architecture)
Fictional character in Re:Zero created by Tappei Nagatsuki
character-driven. The similarities between Subaru and Kazuma led to more parallelism in Isekai Quartet, which Anime News Network found hilarious. Crunchyroll
Subaru_Natsuki
Technique that abstracts logical registers from physical registers
elimination of these false data dependencies reveals more instruction-level parallelism in an instruction stream, which can be exploited by various and complementary
Register_renaming
and becoming faster (and arguably more obfuscated) through byte-wise parallelism and space–time tradeoffs. Various CRC standards extend the polynomial
Computation of cyclic redundancy checks
Computation_of_cyclic_redundancy_checks
Fabless semiconductor company
to the programmer – data-parallelism is within the kernels. The architecture includes a host CPU (System MIPS) for system-level tasks and a DSP Coprocessor
Stream_Processors,_Inc.
Synchronization method in parallel computing
parallel languages impose implicit barriers. For example, a parallel do loop in Fortran with OpenMP will not be allowed to continue on any thread until
Barrier_(computer_science)
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LOOP LEVEL-PARALLELISM
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LOOP LEVEL-PARALLELISM
LOOP LEVEL-PARALLELISM
LOOP LEVEL-PARALLELISM
LOOP LEVEL-PARALLELISM
LOOP LEVEL-PARALLELISM
LOOP LEVEL-PARALLELISM
LOOP LEVEL-PARALLELISM
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