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Dialect of the North Straits Salish language
Lummi (Lummi: Xwlemi Chosen, IPA: [xʷləmi tʃɔsən]) is a dialect of the North Straits Salish language traditionally spoken by the Lummi people of northwest
Lummi_dialect
Topics referred to by the same term
Lummi Nation, a federally-recognized tribe primarily composed of Lummis Lummi dialect, the dialect of North Straits Salish spoken by the Lummi Lummi Island
Lummi
Indigenous people of western Washington (state)
The Lummi (Lummi dialect: Xwlemi or Lhaq'temish) are a Central Coast Salish people Indigenous to western Washington, namely parts of the San Juan Islands
Lummi_people
Federally-recognized tribe in Washington (state)
The Lummi Nation (/ˈlʌmi/ LUH-mee; Lummi: Xwlemi [xʷləˈmi] or Lhaq'temish; officially the Lummi Tribe of the Lummi Reservation) is a federally recognized
Lummi_Nation
Island in Whatcom County, Washington
for his daughter or his sister, both also named Eliza. The name in Lummi dialect, Texwech, means "shaped like a bow". Eliza Island is composed primarily
Eliza_Island
Salishan dialect continuum
separate Coast Salish language. The missionary Myron Eells considered Lummi a dialect of Klallam, and German anthropologist Franz Boas counted Klallam and
North_Straits_Salish_language
Dam in Mount Baker National Forest in Whatcom County, Washington
in Washington state. Koma Kulshan is the name of Mount Baker in the Lummi dialect. In 2022, the project was sold to Eagle Creek Renewable Energy, LLC
Koma_Kulshan_Project
Community of orcas in the North Pacific Ocean
individuals. Lolita, also known as Tokitae, or as Sk'aliCh'elh-tenaut to the Lummi, was captured during the 1970 Penn Cove capture, and died on August 18,
Southern_resident_orcas
Bay in Washington, United States
from the neighboring Lummi dialect of North Straits Salish, which itself is derived from the original Nooksack. In the Samish dialect of North Straits, the
Chuckanut_Bay
Salishan language or dialect continuum of North America
'Are you Lummi?' xʷiʔ čəd lədxʷləbiʔ 'I am not Lummi.' Here, negation takes the first position, the subject pronoun takes the second, and 'Lummi' is pushed
Lushootseed
Ethnic group
signature of the Lummi chief Chow-its-hoot. Lacking a reservation of their own, many Samish were sent to live on the reservations of the Lummi or the Swinomish
Samish_people
Coast Salish people in western Washington (state)
unrecognized Duwamish Tribe and the federally recognized tribes: Lummi Tribe of the Lummi Reservation Muckleshoot Indian Tribe Suquamish Indian Tribe of
Duwamish_people
Dialect of North Straits Salish
T'Sou-ke, also spelled Sooke /ˈsuːk/ and previously Soke /ˈsoʊk/, is the dialect of the North Straits Salish language spoken by the T'Sou-ke people of Vancouver
T'Sou-ke_dialect
Island of the San Juan islands in Washington, United States
island in the Lummi dialectal name for it, Klu-whit-eton, meaning "Place of Abundant Oysters." Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, the Lummi and Samish
Patos_Island
North American aboriginal language
semology: A historical view. Anthropological Linguistics, 12 (2), 38-45. Lummis, C. (1910). Pueblo Indian folk stories. New York: The Century Co. Sutton
Southern_Tiwa_language
Straits Salish people
people are enrolled in both the Semiahmoo First Nation in Canada and the Lummi Nation in the United States. The name Semiahmoo is pronuounced [səmyámə]
Semiahmoo_people
Salishan language of North America
Straits Salish dialects, Sooke, Lekwungen, Saanich, Lummi, and Samish, but the languages are not mutually intelligible. There were several dialects of Klallam
Klallam_language
Songhees (a.k.a. Songish, a.k.a. Lekwungen) T'Souke (Sooke) Semiahmoo Malahat Lummi Klallam Tsartlip Tsawout Tseycum Pauquachin Esquimalt Qayqayt (New Westminster)
List of First Nations peoples in Canada
List_of_First_Nations_peoples_in_Canada
Branch of the Salishan languages of western North America
(SENĆOŦEN)[citation needed] T'Souke Lekwungen (also known as Songhees) Semiahmoo Lummi (Xwlemi' Chosen)[citation needed] Samish (Xws7ámeshqen) S'Klallam (nəxʷsƛ̕áy̓emúcən;
Coast_Salish_languages
Texas residents of Czech ancestry
characterized by Moravian dialects (Lachian and Moravian Wallachian) which vary to some extent from the Bohemian dialects spoken by most Czech-Americans
Czech_Texans
Grammar of the Lushootseed language
'Are you Lummi?' xʷiʔ čəd lədxʷləbiʔ 'I am not Lummi.' Here, negation takes the first position, the subject pronoun takes the second, and 'Lummi' is pushed
Lushootseed_grammar
Ethnic group
Capital Regional District. The W̱SÁNEĆ language or Saanich dialect is called SENĆOŦEN. This dialect was revitalized by the late John Elliot, an important member
Saanich_people
Ethnic group
have since been elected to the state legislature, including Julie Johnson (Lummi). Only one Native American state representative is Republican; all the others
Tulalip_Tribes
Speech sound produced with continuous non-turbulent airflow
Mangbai have a palatal nasal /ˀɲ/ Chemehuevi, Deg Xinag, Hagei, Jingpo, Lummi, Khmu, Wui, and Yapese have a velar nasal /ˀŋ/ Lekwungen, Klallam, Saanich
Sonorant
First Nations band government
'salmon'. The name is W̱ĆIYÁNEW̱ (also variously ĆIYÁNEW̱) in the Saanich dialect of Northern Straits, and is derived from the Klallam name. "First Nation
Scia'new_First_Nation
Coast Salish people in Washington state
originally spoken on Puget Sound from the Cascades to Kitsap Peninsula. The dialect spoken by the Suquamish is Southern Lushootseed. Due to the American government's
Suquamish_people
British-Columbian governmental reserve
"Hulʼqumiʼnum (Island dialect)" of Halkomelem (part of the Coast Salish languages); because the Tsʼuubaa-asatx have adopted the dialect of their dominant
Ts'uubaa-asatx
Band government of the Stó꞉lō people
near the city of Chilliwack. The Skway traditionally speak the Upriver dialect of Halkomelem, one of the Salishan family of languages. The band is a member
Skway_First_Nation
First Nation in British Columbia, Canada
upriver share the same dialect, while the upriver Sto:lo people speak another dialect, Halkomelem (Halq'əméyləm) or the upriver dialect. The Cowichan, Chemainus
Musqueam_First_Nation
Indigenous people in Washington state, U.S.
or just those living on the Lummi Reservation. In 1867, some Nuwhaha had reportedly tried to join the Lummi at the Lummi Reservation, but in 1870, agent
Nuwhaha
Federally-recognized tribe in Washington
Retrieved February 7, 2022. Tweddell, Colin E. The Snoqualmie-Duwamish Dialects of Puget Sound Coast Salish: An Outline of Phonemics and Morphology. University
Snoqualmie_Indian_Tribe
First Nations government in British Columbia
Lekwungen, Saanich (W̱SÁNEĆ), Semiahmoo, Lummi, and Samish peoples. Today, the T'Sou-ke teach the Saanich dialect. Gordon Planes, chief of T'Sou-ke Nation
T'Sou-ke_First_Nation
Americas, and Oceania. Some of these languages have developed into dialects and dialect families (examples include African-American English, Pennsylvania
Languages of the United States
Languages_of_the_United_States
First Nations band government
located near the community of Rosedale. They traditionally speak the Upriver dialect of Halkomelem, one of the Salishan family of languages. The name Cheam
Cheam_First_Nation
Ethnic group
shíshálh Tla'amin Central Coast Salish Cowichan Halalt Klallam Lekwungen Lummi Musqueam Nanoose Nooksack Saanich Samish Semiahmoo Snokomish Snuneymuxw
Nisqually Indian Tribe of the Nisqually Reservation
Nisqually_Indian_Tribe_of_the_Nisqually_Reservation
Americans of Yemeni birth or ancestry
different dialects of Arabic, including: Sanaani or Northern Yemeni dialect, Ta'izzi-Adeni or Southern Yemeni dialect, Hadrami dialect, Mehri dialect, and
Yemeni_Americans
First Nation in Canada
area of British Columbia, Canada. They traditionally speak the Downriver dialect of hən̓q̓əmin̓əm̓, one of the Salishan family of languages. The name Kwikwetlem
Kwikwetlem_First_Nation
Lushootseed-speaking people in Washington (state)
Lushootseed has two primary dialects, Northern and Southern. It is debated among anthropologists and historians which dialect the Skykomish traditionally
Skykomish_people
Canadian author and pioneer
Washingtonian bachelors at the time, he had married an American Indian (a young Lummi princess known as Lizzie), building a small cabin in 1860. Patterson treated
Phoebe_Judson
Pacific Northwest Indigenous textile art form
such things as a trail, lightning or a snake. Fran James (Lummi, 1924–2013) and Bill James (Lummi, 1944–2020) The Coast Salish loom is formed with two vertical
Coast_Salish_weaving
Native American tribe with reservation in Washington state
shíshálh Tla'amin Central Coast Salish Cowichan Halalt Klallam Lekwungen Lummi Musqueam Nanoose Nooksack Saanich Samish Semiahmoo Snokomish Snuneymuxw
Port Madison Indian Reservation
Port_Madison_Indian_Reservation
Largest living species of dolphin
regarded the orca as custodian of the sea and a benefactor of humans. The Lummi consider orca to be people, referring to them as "qwe'lhol'mechen" which
Orca
Ethnic group
19th century. The Swinomish people speak a subdialect of the Northern dialect of the Lushootseed language. Traditional Swinomish society was organized
Swinomish_people
First Nation in Victoria, British Columbia
and Esquimalt First Nation. Their traditional language is Lekwungen, a dialect of the North Straits Salish language. The term "Lekwungen" is a contemporary
Lekwungen
Ethnic group
language, a Central Salish language. It is very similar to the Saanich dialect of the Straits Salish language. A grammar book has been published in the
Port Gamble Band of S'Klallam Indians
Port_Gamble_Band_of_S'Klallam_Indians
Federally recognized tribe in Washington
shíshálh Tla'amin Central Coast Salish Cowichan Halalt Klallam Lekwungen Lummi Musqueam Nanoose Nooksack Saanich Samish Semiahmoo Snokomish Snuneymuxw
Stillaguamish Tribe of Indians
Stillaguamish_Tribe_of_Indians
Ethnic group in New Jersey
Spokane Syilx Wenatchi Coast Northern Pentlatch shíshálh Central Nooksack Lummi Samish Klallam Southern Twana Skokomish Southwestern Cowlitz Quinault Lower
African Americans in New Jersey
African_Americans_in_New_Jersey
Federally recognized Indian Tribe in Washington (state)
shíshálh Tla'amin Central Coast Salish Cowichan Halalt Klallam Lekwungen Lummi Musqueam Nanoose Nooksack Saanich Samish Semiahmoo Snokomish Snuneymuxw
Sauk-Suiattle_Indian_Tribe
Texans of German descent
colonies in the US. The dialect has largely died out since the First and Second World Wars, as have many other US German dialects. Texas Germans were strong
Texas_Germans
Indigenous people in Washington state
shíshálh Tla'amin Central Coast Salish Cowichan Halalt Klallam Lekwungen Lummi Musqueam Nanoose Nooksack Saanich Samish Semiahmoo Snokomish Snuneymuxw
Kikiallus_people
Precolonial Nguni kingdom in southern Mozambique and northeastern South Africa
Chieftaincy in Maputaland: 1896–1997 (PDF). MA thesis, University of Natal. Lummis, Trevor (1996). "The Colonial State and the Rise to Dominance of Ngwanase
Tembe_Kingdom
Group of First Nations peoples in British Columbia, Canada
dialect" of Halkomelem. Halq'eméylem is primarily spoken in Harrison Lake, lower Fraser Canyon, and the upper and central Fraser Valley. The dialect is
Stó꞉lō
Lushootseed-speaking people of Puget Sound
The Sammamish dialect is Southern Lushootseed, spoken by the Lushootseed-speaking peoples south of the Snohomish. The Sammamish dialect is closely related
Sammamish_people
Archipelago in the Salish Sea in Washington, US
and Northern Straits groups (consisting of the Lummi, Klallam, Saanich, Samish, and Songhees dialects). European exploration in the area introduced smallpox
San_Juan_Islands
Federally recognized tribe in Washington (state)
Swinomish citizens. Some elders speak Swinomish (also known as Skagit), a dialect of the Lushootseed language, which is part of the Coast Salish language
Swinomish Indian Tribal Community
Swinomish_Indian_Tribal_Community
Ethnic group in Nebraska
Spokane Syilx Wenatchi Coast Northern Pentlatch shíshálh Central Nooksack Lummi Samish Klallam Southern Twana Skokomish Southwestern Cowlitz Quinault Lower
African-American history of Nebraska
African-American_history_of_Nebraska
Federally-recognized Indian tribe in Washington state
While English is commonly spoken, the traditional language is Samish, a dialect of Straits Salish, a Central Salish language. The Nation's language preservation
Samish_Indian_Nation
Lushootseed-speaking people of Puget Sound
main dialect areas, Northern, and Southern, each of which is split into various subdialects.The Snohomish dialect (also called the Tulalip dialect today)
Snohomish_people
Native American tribe in Washington, United States
(Case Inlet; which gave the reservation its name). They were speakers of a dialect continuum in the Salishan language family known as Lushootseed. Together
Squaxin_Island_Tribe
Indigenous people in Washington state
shíshálh Tla'amin Central Coast Salish Cowichan Halalt Klallam Lekwungen Lummi Musqueam Nanoose Nooksack Saanich Samish Semiahmoo Snokomish Snuneymuxw
Shilshole_people
Ethnic and cultural group in the United States
is a variety (dialect, ethnolect, and sociolect) of American English, commonly spoken by urban working-class and largely bi-dialectal middle-class African
African_Americans
Spanish missionary and linguist (c. 1570 – 1628)
original único por Lucien Adam y Julien Vinson. Paris: Maisonneuve frères. F. Lummis, Charles. The Spanish Pioneers. Maynard Geiger, Biographical Dictionary
Francisco_Pareja
Native American tribe in Washington state
language of coastal British Columbia, and at one time was considered a dialect of the latter. At the time of European encounter, the Nooksack people occupied
Nooksack_people
Ethnic group in Washington state
was completely sovereign and autonomous, allied together through shared dialect, kin, and culture. Although some leaders (such as Patkanim) were highly
Snoqualmie_people
Ethnic group
(around Chehalis) c̓ax̣ʷásn̓ (around Pe Ell) Another group which spoke a dialect between Cowlitz and Upper Chehalis lived on the South Fork Chehalis River
Upper_Chehalis_people
Southern African clan
1280 AD–1800 AD". New Contree. 78: 42–59. Retrieved 11 November 2025. Lummis, Trevor (1996). "The Colonial State and the Rise to Dominance of Ngwanase
Tembe_(Southern_African_clan)
Indigenous reserve in British Columbia, Canada
The Kwantlen people traditionally speak hən̓q̓əmin̓əm̓, the Downriver dialect of Halkomelem, one of the Salishan family languages. The Kwantlen are a
Kwantlen_First_Nation
First Nation band in British Columbia, Canada
("TWN") are Coast Salish peoples who speak hən̓q̓əmin̓əm̓, the Downriver dialect of the Halkomelem language, and are closely related to but politically
Tsleil-Waututh_First_Nation
African American residents of Appalachia
have been reported as increasingly adopting an Appalachian or Southern dialect commonly associated with White Appalachians. These similarities include
Affrilachia
Indigenous people of British Columbia
Lik'wala (Southern Kwakiutl) dialect of Kwak'wala. The ancestral tongue is the Comox language, though the Sahtloot/Island dialect is extinct. The Klahoose
Klahoose
Native American tribe
of Many Waters". The Tillamook tribe consists of several divisions and dialects, including (from south to north): Siletz/Nachicolcho: (pronounced SIGH-lets):
Tillamook_people
Indigenous people in British Columbia, Canada
and music. Sts'ailes people traditionally speak Halqemeylem, the Upriver dialect of Halkomelem. The Sts'ailes do not participate in the 1999 framework Treaty
Stsʼailes_people
Federally-recognized tribe in Washington state, US
and 722 (±216) are Two or More Races. The Muckleshoot speak the southern dialect of Lushootseed, called Whulshootseed. The specific variety of Southern
Muckleshoot
American nationals and citizens who are Jewish
the numerous Asian businesses. American Bukharan Jews speak Bukhori, a dialect of Tajik Persian. They publish their own newspapers such as the Bukharian
American_Jews
Ethnic group
is commonly spoken by members of the tribe. The Skokomish language is a dialect of Twana, a Central Salish language. The last fully fluent speaker died
Skokomish_Indian_Tribe
First Nations government
Nation's language is Hul’q’umi’num’, one of three branches of the Halkomelem dialect. The Snaw-naw-as are named after the sole survivor of a battle in the 1800s
Nanoose_First_Nation
Indigenous language family of western Canada and the US
(autonyms) in their languages; they frequently have specific names for local dialects, as the local group was more important culturally than larger tribal relations
Salishan_languages
River in the Pacific Northwest of North America
(Upper Chinook: Wimahl or Wimal; Sahaptin: Nch’i-Wàna or Nchi wana; Sinixt dialect swah'netk'qhu) is the largest river in the Pacific Northwest region of
Columbia_River
First Nations band government in BC, Canada
territory. The place is also thought to be the birthplace of the Halkomelem dialect Halq’eméylem. Historically, people lived in longhouses on Leqʼá꞉mel land
Leqʼá꞉mel_First_Nation
Indigenous people of the Pacific Northwest Coast
ultimate being called Ne-kilst-lass, spelt Nang Kilsdlaas in Skidegate dialect, which can manifest through the form and antics of a Raven. Ne-kilst-lass
Haida_people
Americans of Chinese ancestry
and the three districts of Sam Yup—each subgroup speaking a distinct dialect of Cantonese. Immigrants from Sze Yup generally worked as laborers; those
Chinese_Americans
Doug Hitch, & John Ritter. 2001. Interior Tlingit Noun Dictionary: The Dialects Spoken by Tlingit Elders of Carcross and Teslin, Yukon, and Atlin, British
History of Native Americans in the United States
History_of_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States
Demographic of Americans
example, the Miami dialect has evolved as the most common form of English spoken and heard in Miami today. This is a native dialect of English, and was
Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans
Americans of Cape Verdean birth or descent
Exceptionalism, which regards creole languages as a socially inferior dialect or degenerate language. Another school of thought however is referred to
Cape_Verdean_Americans
Americans of Scottish birth or descent
Spokane Syilx Wenatchi Coast Northern Pentlatch shíshálh Central Nooksack Lummi Samish Klallam Southern Twana Skokomish Southwestern Cowlitz Quinault Lower
Scottish_Americans
Americans of Georgian birth or descent
Spokane Syilx Wenatchi Coast Northern Pentlatch shíshálh Central Nooksack Lummi Samish Klallam Southern Twana Skokomish Southwestern Cowlitz Quinault Lower
Georgian_Americans
Ethnic group
modern ethnographers classify them as belonging to the Upper Chehalis dialect group. The name "Chehalis" comes from the Lower Chehalis name c̓x̣íl̕əš
Lower_Chehalis_people
Spokane Syilx Wenatchi Coast Northern Pentlatch shíshálh Central Nooksack Lummi Samish Klallam Southern Twana Skokomish Southwestern Cowlitz Quinault Lower
Racism against African Americans
Racism_against_African_Americans
Americans of German birth or descent
Mennonites speak Plautdietsch, a Low German dialect coming originally from the area around Danzig. The three Amish dialects as well as Hutterite German are still
German_Americans
Self-identification of "American" descent
Spokane Syilx Wenatchi Coast Northern Pentlatch shíshálh Central Nooksack Lummi Samish Klallam Southern Twana Skokomish Southwestern Cowlitz Quinault Lower
American_ancestry
Americans of Taiwanese birth or descent
history, martial arts, and Standard Chinese as opposed to Southern Min dialects such as Taiwanese Hokkien. Parents devote and invest themselves financially
Taiwanese_Americans
Americans of Bangladeshi birth or descent
many programs to nourish their mother tongues. Many also speak regional dialects of Bengali, such as Sylheti (prevalent in Bangladesh's Sylhet Division)
Bangladeshi_Americans
People of the United States
America has its own unique social and cultural characteristics, such as dialect, music, arts, social habits, cuisine, and folklore. Its chief early European
Americans
Americans of Kenyan birth or descent
Atlanta, Miami and Southern United States Languages Swahili, English (Kenyan dialect) Religion Roman Catholicism, Protestantism and Islam Related ethnic groups
Kenyan_Americans
Americans of Vietnamese birth or descent
identified itself as Vietnamese. Some Hoa Vietnamese Americans also speak a dialect of Yue Chinese, generally code-switching between Cantonese and Vietnamese
Vietnamese_Americans
Americans of Uyghur descent
Spokane Syilx Wenatchi Coast Northern Pentlatch shíshálh Central Nooksack Lummi Samish Klallam Southern Twana Skokomish Southwestern Cowlitz Quinault Lower
Uyghur_Americans
Religious community
American population (2020 est.) Languages American English • Punjabi and its dialects American Spanish • Indian English • Hindi • Urdu • Sindhi Related ethnic
Sikhism_in_the_United_States
Largest minority in Georgia, United States
Spokane Syilx Wenatchi Coast Northern Pentlatch shíshálh Central Nooksack Lummi Samish Klallam Southern Twana Skokomish Southwestern Cowlitz Quinault Lower
African_Americans_in_Georgia
Aboriginal people from Vancouver Island
(Newcastle Island Marine) Park. The people of the SFN speak the Hul'q'umi'num dialect of Hul’q’umi’num’, Halq'eméylem, hən̓q̓əmin̓əm. This is a Coast Salish
Snuneymuxw_First_Nation
Americans of Armenian birth or descent
from Lebanon, Turkey, Syria, and few other countries speak the Western dialect, which was spoken in Turkish (Western) Armenia, the eastern regions of
Armenian_Americans
travel, tourism, insurance
LUMMI DIALECT
LUMMI DIALECT
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LUMMI DIALECT
LUMMI DIALECT
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LUMMI DIALECT
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