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US air force program
The Manned Spaceflight Engineer Program was an effort by the United States Air Force to train American military personnel as payload specialists for United
Manned Spaceflight Engineer Program
Manned_Spaceflight_Engineer_Program
American astronaut (1952–2001)
Force officer, an aeronautical engineer, computer programmer, and an astronaut in the USAF Manned Spaceflight Engineer Program. He was killed during the September
Charles_Edward_Jones
competitive Manned Spaceflight Engineer program. While training as an astronaut, he witnessed the faces of NASA's space shuttle program shift to include
List of African-American astronauts
List_of_African-American_astronauts
Spaceflight programme in China
through applications for China's manned space program"). Zhu Yangzhu - flew on Shenzhou 16 as spaceflight engineer Gui Haichao - flew on Shenzhou 16
China_Manned_Space_Program
American astronaut (born 1956)
(born 29 September 1956) is a former USAF astronaut in the Manned Spaceflight Engineer Program during the mid-1980s. He was assigned to fly as a military
Livingston_L._Holder_Jr.
Person trained for flights of a specific payload on a crewed spacecraft mission
Center (JSC) controlled crewed spaceflight by selecting professional, full-time astronauts. The payload specialist program gave Marshall Space Flight Center
Payload_specialist
American astronaut (born 1952)
USAF) (born June 26, 1952) is a former USAF astronaut in the Manned Spaceflight Engineer Program during the mid-1980s. He served as a payload specialist on
William_A._Pailes
Topics referred to by the same term
Communications University Manned Spaceflight Engineer, an astronaut in the United States Air Force's Manned Spaceflight Engineer Program Mars Surface Exploration
MSE
NASA-led lunar exploration program
program supports NASA’s human spaceflight initiatives, including the Space Launch System (SLS) and the Orion spacecraft used in the Artemis program.
Artemis_program
This article lists verifiable spaceflight-related accidents and incidents resulting in human death or serious injury. These include incidents during flight
List of spaceflight-related accidents and incidents
List_of_spaceflight-related_accidents_and_incidents
Human spaceflight programs are organized efforts for human spaceflight. Programs have been planned, pursued and realized by different countries and companies
Human_spaceflight_programs
(USSR) ru:7-й набор космонавтов ЦПК ВВС (1978) August – USAF Manned Spaceflight Engineer Program – Group 1 (USA) Frank J. Casserino, Jeffrey E. Detroye, Michael
List of astronauts by year of selection
List_of_astronauts_by_year_of_selection
1961–1972 American crewed lunar exploration program
The Apollo program, also known as Project Apollo, was the United States human spaceflight program led by NASA, which landed the first humans on the Moon
Apollo_program
American astronaut (born 1948)
USAF, (born June 20, 1948) is an American astronaut and USAF Manned Spaceflight Engineer. Payton flew on the STS-51-C mission aboard the Space Shuttle
Gary_Payton_(astronaut)
Soviet test pilot (1927–1967)
a Soviet test pilot, aerospace engineer, and cosmonaut. In October 1964, he commanded Voskhod 1, the first spaceflight to carry more than one crew member
Vladimir_Komarov
Chinese space program today conducts the most or second most orbital launches each year; China is one of three countries with a human spaceflight capability
History of the Chinese space program
History_of_the_Chinese_space_program
Canceled U.S. Air Force human spaceflight program
The Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL) was part of the United States Air Force (USAF) human spaceflight program in the 1960s. The project was developed
Manned_Orbiting_Laboratory
Programs by the Soviet Union to land humans on the Moon
Bykovsky, Khrunov; Engineer-Cosmonauts: Gorbatko, Grechko, Sevastyanov, Kubasov, Volkov). Komarov later died in the Soyuz 1 spaceflight when his parachute
Soviet_crewed_lunar_programs
date. For all other spaceflight activities, see 2024 in spaceflight. For launches in the first half of 2024, see List of spaceflight launches in January–June
List of spaceflight launches in July–December 2024
List_of_spaceflight_launches_in_July–December_2024
Planned United States spaceflight (1967)
the Management of NASA's Human Spaceflight Program. New York: Springer-Praxis. Bibcode:2012doim.book.....S. "Apollo Program". National Air and Space Museum
Apollo_1
Russian aerospace engineer (1911–95)
MANNED LUNAR PROGRAM MIT. Accessed: 4 October 2011. Clark, Stephen (15 March 2010). "Aerojet confirms Russian engine is ready for duty". Spaceflight Now
Nikolai_Kuznetsov_(engineer)
Space station program of the People's Republic of China
This program is independent and unconnected to any other international space-active countries. The program is part of the China Manned Space Program that
Tiangong_program
NASA human spaceflight program for the International Space Station
(CCDev) program over three years. While the program's first round of competition in 2010 focused on funding development of various human spaceflight technologies
Commercial_Crew_Program
Space exploration program conducted by the Soviet Union from 1951 to 1991
US aerospace alike; Soviet spaceflight began with the derivative R-1 missile tests in 1948. In the 1950s, the Soviet program was formalized, led by Sergei
Soviet_space_program
American aerospace engineer
study concept as Manned Lunar Landing and Return (MALLAR), and it was largely ignored by NASA administrators until John Houbolt, an engineer at NASA Langley
Tom_Dolan_(engineer)
NASA operations facility in Texas
NASA's center for human spaceflight in Houston, Texas (originally named the Manned Spacecraft Center), where human spaceflight training, research, and
Johnson_Space_Center
1972–2011 United States human spaceflight program
The Space Shuttle program was the fourth human spaceflight program carried out by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which
Space_Shuttle_program
Shuttle missions. Abbreviations: PC = Payload Commander MSE = USAF Manned Spaceflight Engineer Mir = Launched to be part of the crew of the Mir Space Station
List_of_Space_Shuttle_crews
NASA astronaut propulsion unit
The Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU) is an astronaut propulsion unit that was used by NASA on three Space Shuttle missions in 1984, STS-41-B, STS-41-C, and
Manned_Maneuvering_Unit
Extreme benchmarks set off Earth by astronauts, launchers and probes
Records and firsts in spaceflight are broadly divided into crewed and uncrewed categories. Records involving animal spaceflight have also been noted in
List_of_spaceflight_records
Space Shuttle orbiter (1983–1986)
for spaceflight would be more expensive than upgrading Challenger, the orbiter was pressed into operational service in the Space Shuttle program. Lessons
Space_Shuttle_Challenger
Initial American crewed spaceflight program (1958–1963)
Project Mercury was the first human spaceflight program of the United States, running from 1958 through 1963. An early highlight of the Space Race, its
Project_Mercury
Group of NASA engineers working on the human spaceflight program starting in 1958
Group was a working group of NASA engineers created in 1958, tasked with managing America's human spaceflight programs. Headed by Robert Gilruth and based
Space_Task_Group
1961–1966 US human spaceflight program
States human spaceflight program to fly. It was conducted after the first American crewed space program, Project Mercury, while the Apollo program was still
Project_Gemini
Spaceflight not by a government
Private spaceflight is any spaceflight development that is not conducted by a government agency, such as NASA or ESA. During the early decades of the Space
Private_spaceflight
Flight 93. Charles Edward Jones, 48, American astronaut (Manned Spaceflight Engineer Program). Passenger of American Airlines Flight 11. Angel Juarbe
Deaths_in_September_2001
2025 Chinese crewed spaceflight
spacecraft. The mission was the 16th crewed Chinese spaceflight and the 21st flight overall of the Shenzhou program. The flight marked the tenth crew rotation
Shenzhou_21
Soviet aerospace engineer (1922–2014)
Ивано́вский; 18 January 1922 – 18 September 2014) was a Russian engineer in the former Soviet space program who played a pioneering role in spacecraft construction
Oleg_Ivanovsky
Soviet aerospace engineer (1907–1966)
January 1966) was a Soviet rocket engineer and spacecraft designer who led the development of the Soviet space program during the early years of the Space
Sergei_Korolev
Experimental inflatable Space Laboratory
The Erectable Torus Manned Space Laboratory (ETMSL) was a cancelled NASA project in development from 1960 to 1962 to create the first space station using
Erectable Torus Manned Space Laboratory
Erectable_Torus_Manned_Space_Laboratory
Unsuccessful crewed launch of the Soyuz programme
Soviet Manned Space Flight. Houston, Texas: Gulf Publishing Company. ISBN 0-87201-848-2. Clark, Phillip (1988). The Soviet Manned Space Program. New York:
Soyuz_7K-T_No.39
American astronaut (1936–2023)
and Ellison Onizuka (Mission Specialists), and Gary Payton (Manned Spaceflight Engineer). STS-51-C performed its DOD mission, which included deployment
Ken_Mattingly
American spaceflight engineer
Tecwyn Roberts (10 October 1925 – 27 December 1988) was a Welsh spaceflight engineer who in the 1960s played important roles in designing the Mission Control
Tecwyn_Roberts
Cancelled 2005–2010 NASA human spaceflight program
The Constellation program (abbreviated CxP) was a crewed spaceflight program developed by NASA, the space agency of the United States, from 2005 to 2009
Constellation_program
First human spaceflight in history
lit. 'East' or 'Orient') was the first spaceflight of the Vostok programme and the first human orbital spaceflight in history. The Vostok 3KA space capsule
Vostok_1
First crewed flight of the Apollo space program
1968) was the first crewed flight in NASA's Apollo program, and saw the resumption of human spaceflight by the agency after the fire that killed the three
Apollo_7
Lunar research program (2004–present)
System portal Spaceflight portal China portal Exploration of the Moon – Missions to the Moon List of missions to the Moon Apollo program – 1961–1972 American
Chinese Lunar Exploration Program
Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program
Garment worn to protect a human in space
crew for 14 days inside the spacecraft. Manned Orbiting Laboratory MH-7 space suits for the canceled MOL program. Apollo Block I A1C suit (1966–1967) –
Space_suit
1985 American crewed spaceflight for the Department of Defense
is "still up there, and still operating". Payton was a USAF Manned Spaceflight Engineer (MSE); the USAF declined a NASA offer to fly another MSE on the
STS-51-C
Proposed concepts
by NASA. Conceptual proposals for missions that would involve human spaceflight started in the early 1950s, with planned missions typically expected
Human_mission_to_Mars
Division of NASA
v t e Solar System portal Spaceflight portal United States portal European Space Agency Science Programme Explorers Program Large strategic science missions
Planetary Missions Program Office
Planetary_Missions_Program_Office
Chinese engineer and taikonaut (born 1986)
(Chinese: 朱杨柱; born September 1986) is a Chinese engineer and astronaut selected as part of the Shenzhou program. He enlisted in the People's Liberation Army
Zhu_Yangzhu
First multi-crew spaceflight
human spaceflight to carry more than one crewman into orbit, the first flight without the use of spacesuits, and the first to carry either an engineer or
Voskhod_1
American space and aeronautics agency
US space program a distinct civilian orientation focused on peaceful applications. Since then, it has led most American spaceflight programs, including
NASA
First crewed Moon landing (1969)
1969) was the American spaceflight that first landed humans on the Moon, and the fifth crewed mission of NASA's Apollo program. The mission was crewed
Apollo_11
American aviator and astronaut (1937–2017)
Shuttle missions, he completed the first untethered spacewalk by using the Manned Maneuvering Unit. Byron Willis McCandless was born on June 8, 1937, in Boston
Bruce_McCandless_II
City in Bergen County, New Jersey, US
Pailes (born 1952), United States Air Force astronaut in the Manned Spaceflight Engineer Program during the mid-1980s whi served as a Payload Specialist on
Hackensack,_New_Jersey
American astronaut (born 1937)
Force's Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL) program. He has spent more than 6,500 hours in the air as either a pilot or an astronaut. The Manned Orbiting
Robert_Crippen
NASA research pilot and astronaut (1930–2014)
flight of the 10-year program. In the late 1960s and in the 1970s, Dana was a project pilot on the manned lifting body program, which flew several versions
William_H._Dana
2025 Chinese crewed spaceflight to the Tiangong space station
2026. The mission was the 15th crewed Chinese spaceflight and the 20th flight overall of the Shenzhou program. Shenzhou 20 was launched on 24 April 2025
Shenzhou_20
1976 crewed spaceflight to Salyut 5
Soviet Manned Space Flight. Houston, Texas, USA: Gulf Publishing Company. ISBN 0-87201-848-2. Clark, Phillip (1988). The Soviet Manned Space Program. New
Soyuz_21
2020s class of partially reusable spacecraft
SpaceX for flights to the International Space Station (ISS) and private spaceflight missions. The spacecraft, which consists of a reusable space capsule
SpaceX_Dragon_2
American aerospace engineer (1913–2000)
2000) was an American aerospace engineer and an aviation/space pioneer who was the first director of NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center, later renamed the
Robert_R._Gilruth
Bibliography of works about Russian and Soviet technology
Administration. Shayler, D. J. (2000). Disasters and accidents in manned spaceflight. Springer-Praxis. Siddiqi, A. A. (2000). Challenge to Apollo: The
Bibliography of Russian and Soviet science: Space programs
Bibliography_of_Russian_and_Soviet_science:_Space_programs
Medical issues associated with spaceflight
The effects of spaceflight on the human body are complex and largely harmful over both short and long term. Significant adverse effects of long-term weightlessness
Effect of spaceflight on the human body
Effect_of_spaceflight_on_the_human_body
Planned Chinese crewed spaceflight to the Tiangong space station
The mission will be the 18th crewed Chinese spaceflight and the 24th flight overall of the Shenzhou program. Shenzhou 24 is expected to bring the first
Shenzhou_24
American reconnaissance satellites (1959–1972)
KH-8 GAMBIT 3 KH-9 Hexagon "Big Bird" KH-10 DORIAN or Manned Orbital Laboratory (MOL program) KH-11, KH-12, KH-13. Richard M. Bissell Jr. SAMOS Sentient
CORONA_(satellite)
Flight into or through outer space
Human spaceflight programs include the Soyuz, Shenzhou, the past Apollo Moon landing and the Space Shuttle programs. Other current spaceflight are conducted
Spaceflight
to all cosmonauts who fly for the Russian space program. Similarly to NASA, members of the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA) hold one of two ranks. Astronaut
Astronaut_ranks_and_positions
First space station launched and operated by NASA (1973–1979)
Defense's Manned Orbiting Laboratory concept from 1963 to 1969. Skylab was the world's second space station, after the Soviet space program's Salyut 1
Skylab
American test pilot (1933–2006)
Lancaster, California. David J. Shayler. Disasters and Accidents in Manned Spaceflight. Chichester, Eng.: Springer-Praxis, 2000, pp. 46-47. "1967 M2-F2 Crash
Bruce_Peterson
Chinese taikonaut (born 1986)
November 1986) is a Chinese aerospace engineer, researcher and professor selected as part of the Shenzhou program. Unlike all earlier taikonauts, Gui is
Gui_Haichao
Aircraft used to create brief weightlessness
operated by the NASA Reduced Gravity Research Program, and one is currently operated by the Human Spaceflight and Robotic Exploration Programmes of the European
Reduced-gravity_aircraft
American naval officer, aviator, aeronautical engineer and astronaut (born 1931)
aeronautical engineer, test pilot, and NASA astronaut. He served as command module pilot during the first U.S.-Soviet joint spaceflight in 1975, and as
Vance_D._Brand
2020 Russian crewed spaceflight to the ISS
Soyuz MS-17 was a Soyuz spaceflight that was launched on 14 October 2020. It transported three crew members of the Expedition 63/64 crew to the International
Soyuz_MS-17
American astronaut (1936–1996)
by the Air Force as an astronaut for its Manned Orbiting Laboratory in 1966. Upon cancellation of the program in 1969, he became a NASA astronaut and served
Robert_F._Overmyer
American astronaut (1924–1993)
to command Apollo 14, against Slayton's wishes, by the Office of Manned Spaceflight director George Mueller, who felt that Shepard needed additional training
Deke_Slayton
1980 Soviet crewed spaceflight to Salyut 6
later. Spaceflight portal List of human spaceflights to Salyut space stations List of Salyut expeditions Clark, Phillip (1988). The Soviet Manned Space
Soyuz_T-2
Arrival of a spacecraft on the Moon's surface
spacecraft program. The first three Zonds were robotic planetary probes; after that, the Zond name was transferred to a completely separate human spaceflight program
Moon_landing
Belgian record-breaking balloon
ISBN 978-1-59114-748-0. Shayler, David (2000). Disasters and accidents in manned spaceflight. Springer. pp. 20–22. ISBN 1852332255, ISBN 978-1-85233-225-9. Vaeth
FNRS-1
American astronaut (1932–2024)
aeronautical engineer, and NASA astronaut. He was the commander of two Space Shuttle missions including STS-2 in 1981, the program's second orbital
Joe_Engle
American physician and astronaut (born 1935)
California. In 1996, he became only the second astronaut to fly on six spaceflights, and he is the most formally educated astronaut with six academic degrees
Story_Musgrave
American astronaut and lunar explorer (1930–2018)
Swenson, Jr., Loyd S. (1979). Chariots for Apollo: A History of Manned Lunar Spaceflight (PDF). Washington, D.C.: NASA. SP-4205. Archived (PDF) from the
John_Young_(astronaut)
Training astronauts for lunar missions
Apollo program training prepared NASA astronauts for crewed spaceflight and lunar surface operations during the Apollo program (1961–1972). The program encompassed
Apollo_program_training
2017). "SpaceX informed NASA of slowdown in its commercial Mars program". SpaceflightNow. Retrieved 7 August 2021. Boyle, Alan (2016-10-23). "SpaceX's
List of crewed Mars mission plans
List_of_crewed_Mars_mission_plans
1974 Soviet crewed spaceflight to Salyut 3
ISBN 0-87201-848-2. Clark, Phillip (1988). The Soviet Manned Space Program. New York, USA: Orion Books. ISBN 0-517-56954-X. Spaceflight portal Soviet Union portal
Soyuz_14
American astronaut (1929–2022)
States Air Force (USAF) pilot, aeronautical engineer, and NASA astronaut in the Gemini and Apollo programs. He joined the USAF in 1951 and flew 145 combat
James_McDivitt
Technology, where he began to engage in pre research work on the China Manned Space Program. In 1992, he was responsible for the overall development of the launch
Zhang_Zhi_(engineer)
US–USSR spaceflight capability rivalry
David J. (2001). The Rocket Men: Vostok & Voskhod, The First Soviet Manned Spaceflights. New York: Springer–Praxis Books. ISBN 1-85233-391-X. Hall, Rex;
Space_Race
1993–1998 collaborative Russia–US space program
modules during the duration of the Shuttle-Mir program. During the four-year program, many firsts in spaceflight were achieved by the two nations, including
Shuttle–Mir_program
Rocket-powered aircraft and spaceplane operated by the US Air Force and NASA
the X-15 program, 12 pilots flew a combined 199 flights. Of these, 8 pilots flew a combined 13 flights which met the Air Force spaceflight criterion
North_American_X-15
Women who travel to space
women in human spaceflight programs. Additionally one woman of dual Iranian-US citizenship has participated as a tourist on a US spaceflight. During the
Women_in_space
Launch site at Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan that was used by the Soviet space program and Roscosmos. The launchpad for the world's first human spaceflight made by Yuri Gagarin on Vostok 1 in 1961
Gagarin's_Start
Historical period started in 1957
"Origins of NASA Names: Manned SpaceFlight". NASA. Retrieved 2 November 2015. NASA. Historical Studies in the Societal Impact of Spaceflight - NASA (PDF). "Ansari
Space_Age
1978 Soviet crewed spaceflight to Salyut 6
Retrieved 4 March 2009. "Spaceflight mission report: Soyuz 31". SPACEFACTS.de. Retrieved 13 September 2024. "Relocations of Manned Spacecraft". SPACEFACTS
Soyuz_31
1978 Soviet crewed spaceflight to Salyut 6
2009. "Spaceflight mission report: Soyuz 30". SPACEFACTS.de. Retrieved 13 September 2024. Phillip Clark (1988). The Soviet Manned Space Program. New York
Soyuz_30
American astronaut (1926–1967)
outspoken about the technical deficiencies of the spacecraft. The engineers who programmed the Apollo training simulator had a difficult time keeping the
Gus_Grissom
Type of spacecraft
Vostok was the Soviet Union's first crewed space capsule. The first human spaceflight was Vostok 1, accomplished on April 12, 1961 by cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin
Space_capsule
2021 Chinese crewed spaceflight to the Tiangong Space Station
Chinese spaceflight and the twelfth flight overall of the Shenzhou program. It was the first flight to Tiangong, and the first Chinese crewed spaceflight since
Shenzhou_12
Soviet scientist and engineer
Chelomey; 30 June 1914 – 8 December 1984) was a Soviet engineer and designer in the missile program of the former Soviet Union. He invented the first Soviet
Vladimir_Chelomey
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MANNED SPACEFLIGHT-ENGINEER-PROGRAM
MANNED SPACEFLIGHT-ENGINEER-PROGRAM
Boy/Male
Danish, Finnish, German, Swedish
God is with us; Great
Male
Icelandic
Icelandic form of Latin Johannes, JÓHANNES means "God is gracious."
Surname or Lastname
English, Dutch, and German
English, Dutch, and German : occupational name for a retail trader, Middle English manger, monger, Middle Dutch manger, menger, Middle High German mangære, mengære (from Late Latin mango ‘salesman’, with the addition of the Germanic agent suffix).Norwegian : habitational name from a farmstead in southwestern Norway named as Mángr in Old Norse, perhaps from már ‘sea gull’ + angr ‘fjord’.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
National Player
Surname or Lastname
German
German : variant of Männer (see Maner).English : unexplained. Perhaps a variant of Manners.Finnish : ornamental name from manner ‘continent’. This name occurs throughout Finland, but chiefly in the southwestern part.
Boy/Male
Indian
Good Manner
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from East and West Hanney in southern Oxfordshire (formerly in Berkshire), named with Old English hana ‘cock’, ‘male bird’ + ēg ‘island’ or ‘land between streams’.
Surname or Lastname
English (Midlands)
English (Midlands) : metonymic occupational name for a standard bearer, from Anglo-Norman French banere ‘flag’, ‘ensign’ (see Bannerman).German : occupational name for a standard bearer, Middle High German banier, Middle Low German banner, from French bannière ‘flag’, ‘standard’.
Male
English
Anglicized form of Irish Gaelic MainchÃn, MANNIX means "little monk."
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
An Engineer
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a maker or seller of cans, from an agent derivative of Old English canne ‘can’.Respelling of Kanner.
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
Method; Manner
Girl/Female
Indian
Respect; Manner
Male
Portuguese
Portuguese form of Latin Emmanuel, MANOEL means "God is with us."
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : variant spelling of Mains.Catalan (Mainés) : variant spelling of Mainers, plural form of Mainer.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Decency; Manner
Male
Teutonic
Teutonic name derived from the same root as Persian Manu, MANNUS means "man," as in homo sapiens. In mythology, this is the name of the progenitor of the human race.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from places in Devon and Cheshire, named in Old English as ‘common wood or clearing’, from (ge)mǣne ‘common’, ‘shared’ + lēah ‘woodland clearing’. The surname is still chiefly found in the regions around these villages.English : nickname from Middle English mannly ‘manly’, ‘virile’, ‘brave’ (Old English mannlīc, originally ‘man-like’).Irish (County Cork) : Anglicized form of Ó Máinle (and often pronounced Mauly), of unexplained origin. Compare Malley.Irish (Connacht and Donegal) : shortened Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Maonghaile ‘descendant of Maonghal’, a personal name derived from words meaning ‘wealth’ and ‘valor’.
Surname or Lastname
English (Cornwall)
English (Cornwall) : habitational name from Mankea in Cornwall, named with Corinsh men ‘stone’ + kee ‘bank’, ‘hedge’.Americanized form of German Manke.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : of uncertain origin. It may be a nickname for a beggar, from an agent derivative of maund ‘beg’ (probably from Old French mendier, Late Latin mendicare); this word is not attested before the 16th century, but may well have been in use earlier. Alternatively it may be an occupational name for a maker of baskets, from an agent derivative of Middle English maund ‘basket’ (Old French mande, of Germanic origin); or perhaps for someone in some position of authority, from a shortened form of Middle English coma(u)nder (from coma(u)nden ‘to command’).German : habitational name from places called Mandern, in Hesse and the Rhineland.Belgian (van der Mander) : habitational name from a place called Ter Mandere or Mandel, in West Flanders, derived from the river name Mandel.Indian (Panjab) : Sikh (Dogar, Jat) name of unknown meaning, based on the names of clans in these communities.
MANNED SPACEFLIGHT-ENGINEER-PROGRAM
MANNED SPACEFLIGHT-ENGINEER-PROGRAM
MANNED SPACEFLIGHT-ENGINEER-PROGRAM
MANNED SPACEFLIGHT-ENGINEER-PROGRAM
MANNED SPACEFLIGHT-ENGINEER-PROGRAM
MANNED SPACEFLIGHT-ENGINEER-PROGRAM
MANNED SPACEFLIGHT-ENGINEER-PROGRAM
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