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Early type of computer memory
Mellon optical memory was an early form of computer memory invented at the Mellon Institute (today part of Carnegie Mellon University) in 1951. The device
Mellon_optical_memory
Computer memory that does not lose its contents after being turned off
drives, optical discs, floppy disks, and magnetic tape), and early computer storage methods such as punched tape and cards. Non-volatile memory is typically
Non-volatile_memory
Computer memory architecture
In computer architecture, the memory hierarchy separates computer storage into a hierarchy based on response time. Since response time, complexity, and
Memory_hierarchy
Computer memory type used for data preservation
SPhotonix, which markets it under the name 5D Memory Crystal. Hitachi and Microsoft have researched glass-based optical storage techniques, the latter under the
5D_optical_data_storage
Storage of digital data readable by computers
corruption. Not all vendors and models of optical drives support error scanning. Without a significant amount of memory, a computer would only be able to perform
Computer_data_storage
Early form of read-only memory
Core rope memory is a form of read-only memory (ROM) for computers. It was used in the UNIVAC I (Universal Automatic Computer I) and the UNIVAC II, developed
Core_rope_memory
Form of non-volatile memory used in computers and other electronic devices
become read-only memory. There are other types of non-volatile memory which are not based on solid-state IC technology, including: Optical storage media
Read-only_memory
Flat, usually circular disc that encodes binary data
computer's optical disc drive or corresponding disc player. File operations of traditional mass storage devices such as flash drives, memory cards and
Optical_disc
Data storage device
that includes flash memory with an integrated USB interface. A typical USB drive is removable, rewritable, and smaller than an optical disc, and usually
USB_flash_drive
Type of computer memory
random-access memory (dynamic RAM or DRAM) is a type of random-access semiconductor memory that stores each bit of data in a memory cell. A DRAM memory cell usually
Dynamic_random-access_memory
Magnetic data storage device
1960s as computer memory. Many early computers, called drum computers or drum machines, used drum memory as the main working memory of the computer. Some
Drum_memory
Method to store and retrieve computer data using optics
Optical storage is a class of data storage systems that use light to read or write data to an underlying optical media. Although a number of optical formats
Optical_storage
Type of memory used on processors that require high transfer rate memory
High Bandwidth Memory (HBM) is a computer memory interface for 3D-stacked synchronous dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM), initially developed by Samsung
High_Bandwidth_Memory
Early type of computer memory
in the form of optical delay lines. Like many modern forms of electronic computer memory, delay-line memory was a refreshable memory, but as opposed
Delay-line_memory
Component that stores information
located in computer memory. The terms memory, main memory, and primary storage are also used for computer memory. Computer memory is often referred to
Computer_memory
Type of computer memory used from 1955 to 1975
magnetic-core memory is a form of random-access memory. It predominated for roughly 20 years between 1955 and 1975, and is often just called core memory, or, informally
Magnetic-core_memory
Recording of information in a storage medium
magneto-optical disc drives, optical disc drives, memory cards, and solid-state drives (SSDs). It also includes experimental forms like holographic memory. Mass
Data_storage
Electro-mechanical data storage device
used in desktop computers. However, two independent studies by Carnegie Mellon University and Google found that the "grade" of a drive does not relate
Hard_disk_drive
Magnetic tape data storage technology
long term stability or low cost per unit of data storage. Optical Disc Archive, an optical-based archival format by Sony RDX, similar removable disk format
Linear_Tape-Open
Electronic non-volatile computer storage device
devices, such as hard disks and optical media, and is thus highly suitable for use in mass-storage devices, such as memory cards and solid-state drives (SSD)
Flash_memory
Type of computer memory
random-access memory (NVRAM) is random-access memory that retains data without applied power. This is in contrast to dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) and
Non-volatile random-access memory
Non-volatile_random-access_memory
Type of computer memory
Synchronous dynamic random-access memory (synchronous dynamic RAM or SDRAM) is any DRAM where the operation of its external pin interface is coordinated
Synchronous dynamic random-access memory
Synchronous_dynamic_random-access_memory
Data storage device
Semiconductor memory is a digital electronic semiconductor device used for digital data storage, such as computer memory. It typically refers to devices
Semiconductor_memory
Discontinued computer memory type
XPoint (pronounced three-D cross point) is a discontinued non-volatile memory (NVM) technology developed jointly by Intel and Micron Technology. It was
3D_XPoint
Type of computer memory
Static random-access memory (static RAM or SRAM) is a type of random-access memory (RAM) that uses latching circuitry (flip-flop) to store each bit. SRAM
Static_random-access_memory
Type of computer memory
rate synchronous dynamic random-access memory (DDR SDRAM) is a type of synchronous dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM) widely used in computers and other
DDR_SDRAM
Persistent computer data storage with no moving parts
media, such as flash memory "What is Solid-State Storage (SSS)?". techopedia.com. Retrieved July 11, 2015. "Backing Storage: Optical and Solid State". jhigh
Solid-state_storage
Type of computer memory
type of synchronous dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM) designed to use less power than conventional memory. It is commonly used in smartphones, tablet
LPDDR
Replaceable device used for the distribution and storage of video games
flash memory technology much like Nintendo's Game Cards. In recent years, Nintendo has moved away from utilizing their own proprietary optical disc-based
ROM_cartridge
Novel computer memory type
Racetrack memory or domain-wall memory (DWM) is an experimental non-volatile memory device under development at IBM's Almaden Research Center by a team
Racetrack_memory
Early form of computer memory
computer – Used a type of memory called regenerative capacitor memory Mellon optical memory Notes Kilburn, Tom (1990), "From Cathode Ray Tube to Ferranti
Williams_tube
Process of encoding and decoding binary data to and from synthesized strands of DNA
lenses which contain a YouTube video integrated into the material. 5D optical data storage DNA computing DNA nanotechnology Nanobiotechnology Natural
DNA_digital_data_storage
Computer memory that loses its contents when unpowered
Volatile memory, in contrast to non-volatile memory, is computer memory that requires power to maintain the stored information; it retains its contents
Volatile_memory
Novel computer memory type
Phase-change memory (also known as PCM, PCME, PRAM, PCRAM, OUM (ovonic unified memory) and C-RAM or CRAM (chalcogenide RAM)) is a type of non-volatile
Phase-change_memory
Memory card format
MultiMediaCard (MMC) is a memory card standard used for solid-state storage, originally introduced in 1997 by SanDisk, Siemens, and Nokia. Designed as
MultiMediaCard
Novel type of computer memory
Millipede memory is a form of non-volatile computer memory. It promised a data density of more than 1 terabit per square inch (1 gigabit per square millimeter)
Millipede_memory
Obsolete type of non-volatile computer memory
Bubble memory is a type of non-volatile computer memory that uses a thin film of a magnetic material to hold small magnetized areas, known as bubbles or
Bubble_memory
Part of computer memory
The memory cell is the fundamental building block of computer memory. The memory cell is a device, such as an electronic circuit, that stores one bit of
Memory_cell_(computing)
Computer memory used for small quantities of data
or E2PROM (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory) is a type of non-volatile memory. It is used in computers, usually integrated in microcontrollers
EEPROM
Nonlinear two-terminal fundamental circuit element
A memristor (/ˈmɛmrɪstər/; a portmanteau of memory resistor) is a non-linear two-terminal electrical component relating electric charge and magnetic flux
Memristor
Form of computer data storage
Random-access memory (RAM; /ræm/) is a form of electronic computer memory that can be read and changed in any order, typically used to store working data
Random-access_memory
Novel type of computer memory
Resistive random-access memory (ReRAM or RRAM) is a type of non-volatile (NV) random-access (RAM) computer memory that works by changing the resistance
Resistive random-access memory
Resistive_random-access_memory
Data recording made of plastic film
cartridges and cassettes Pogue, David (1 September 2016). "Digitize Those Memory-Filled Cassettes before They Disintegrate". Scientific American. Archived
Magnetic_tape
Write once computer memory
A programmable read-only memory (PROM) is a form of digital memory where the contents are set after the device is manufactured. Once set, the contents
Programmable_ROM
Type of computer memory
Magnetoresistive random-access memory (MRAM) is a type of non-volatile random-access memory which stores data in magnetic domains. Developed in the mid-1980s
Magnetoresistive_RAM
Removable disk storage medium
storage capacity and data transfer speed, such as USB flash drives, memory cards, optical discs, and storage available through local computer networks and
Floppy_disk
Computer storage device with no moving parts
driven storage medium. SSDs rely on non-volatile memory, typically NAND flash, to store data in memory cells. The performance and endurance of SSDs vary
Solid-state_drive
Proposed form of computer storage
Universal memory refers to a computer data storage device combining the cost benefits of DRAM, the speed of SRAM, the non-volatility of flash memory along
Universal_memory
Novel type of computer memory
Retrieved 19 June 2019. Thakoor S, Thakoor AP (June 1995). "Optically addressed ferroelectric memory with nondestructive readout". Appl Opt. 34 (17): 3136–44
Ferroelectric_RAM
Variant of magnetic-core computer memory
Plated-wire memory is a variation of magnetic-core memory developed by Bell Laboratories in 1957. Its primary advantage was that it could be assembled
Plated-wire_memory
Early type of solid state computer memory
read-only memory, is a type of programmable read-only memory (PROM) chip that retains its data when its power supply is switched off. Computer memory that
EPROM
Data storage technologies that use magnetic tape
can be stopped, backed up, and restarted (known as shoe-shining). A large memory buffer can be used to queue the data. In the past, the host block size affected
Magnetic-tape_data_storage
Use of paper as computer memory
Machine-readable medium Magnetic ink character recognition Mark sense Music roll Optical mark recognition Paper disc Paper key Perfin Perforation Punched tape Spindle
Paper_data_storage
Early high speed computer memory
Thin-film memory is a high-speed alternative to magnetic-core memory developed by Sperry Rand in a government-funded research project. Instead of threading
Thin-film_memory
Early type of computer memory
Twistor memory is a form of computer memory formed by wrapping magnetic tape around a current-carrying wire to make a device called a twistor. Operationally
Twistor_memory
University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, US
Carnegie Mellon University through its merger with the Mellon Institute of Industrial Research, founded in 1913 by Andrew Mellon and Richard B. Mellon and
Carnegie_Mellon_University
Pseudo-static random-access memory technology introduced by MoSys Inc.
random-access memory (SRAM) in embedded memory applications. Mosys uses a single-transistor storage cell (bit cell) like dynamic random-access memory (DRAM)
1T-SRAM
Random-access memory with processing elements integrated on the same chip
efficiently use memory bandwidth within a memory chip. The general technique of doing computations in memory is called processing-in-memory (PIM). The most
Computational_RAM
Data storage device
There are two main "hybrid" storage technologies that combine NAND flash memory or SSDs with the HDD technology: dual-drive hybrid systems and solid-state
Hybrid_drive
2-D grid of wires where data is represented by the presence or absence of diodes at nodes
instructions. A diode matrix is one technique for implementing a read-only memory. It may be used as the control store or microprogram in many early computers
Diode_matrix
Storage device technology
non-volatility of a data storage memory, like flash, with the speed, energy-efficiency, and endurance of a working memory, like DRAM," which means it could
UltraRAM
IBM data storage technology that uses PCI Express and NVMe
address space, without performance impact. On September 17, 2007, Texas Memory Systems (TMS) announced the RamSan-500, the world's first enterprise-class
Flash_Core_Module
Obsolete form of removable media
Cases for Drum and Disk Records," U.S. patent 3,206,214, 1965; R.E. Pattison, "Portable Memory for Data Processing Machine," U.S. patent 3,176,281, 1965
Disk_pack
Novel computer memory type
Nano-RAM is a proprietary computer memory technology from the company Nantero. It is a type of nonvolatile random-access memory based on the position of carbon
Nano-RAM
Type of memory used on graphics cards
Graphics DDR SDRAM (GDDR SDRAM) is a type of synchronous dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM) specifically designed for applications requiring high bandwidth
GDDR_SDRAM
Early and obsolete type of computer memory
The Selectron was an early form of digital computer memory developed by Jan A. Rajchman and his group at the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) under the
Selectron_tube
Advanced-Random Access Memory (RAM) is a type of dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) based on single-transistor capacitor-less cells. A-RAM was invented
A-RAM
Computer network with multiple nodes to store information
Historical Williams–Kilburn tube (1946–1947) Delay-line memory (1947) Mellon optical memory (1951) Selectron tube (1952) Dekatron T-RAM (2009) Z-RAM
Distributed_data_store
Type of random-access memory
Dual-ported RAM (DPRAM), also called dual-port RAM, is a type of random-access memory (RAM) that can be accessed via two different buses. A simple dual-port RAM
Dual-ported_RAM
Obsolete electronic device for counting in decimal
Historical Williams–Kilburn tube (1946–1947) Delay-line memory (1947) Mellon optical memory (1951) Selectron tube (1952) Dekatron T-RAM (2009) Z-RAM
Dekatron
Dynamic random-access memory included in a processor chip or package
Embedded DRAM (eDRAM) is dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) integrated on the same die or multi-chip module (MCM) of an application-specific integrated
EDRAM
Novel type of computer memory
FJG RAM, short for Floating Junction Gate Random Access Memory, is a type of computer memory invented and subsequently patented in July 2009 by Oriental
FJG_RAM
Non-volatile memory technology
non-volatile computer memory developed at Arizona State University. PMC, a technology developed to replace the widely used flash memory, providing a combination
Programmable metallization cell
Programmable_metallization_cell
Novel type of computer memory
of random-access memory dating from 2009 invented and developed by T-RAM Semiconductor, which departs from the usual designs of memory cells, combining
T-RAM
Novel type of computer memory
Electrochemical Random-Access Memory (ECRAM) is a type of non-volatile memory (NVM) with multiple levels per cell (MLC) designed for deep learning analog
Electrochemical_RAM
Type of field-effect transistor
electrical bias. FeFET based devices are used in FeFET memory – a type of single transistor non-volatile memory. In 1955, Ian Munro Ross filed a patent for a FeFET
Fe_FET
Obsolete type of novel computer memory based on DRAM
Z-RAM is a tradename of a now-obsolete dynamic random-access memory technology that did not require a capacitor to maintain its state. Z-RAM was developed
Z-RAM
Computing center in Pennsylvania, US
original five NSF Supercomputing Centers. PSC is a joint effort of Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Pittsburgh in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center
Pittsburgh_Supercomputing_Center
Unreproducible object used in digital security
semiconductor device such as a microprocessor or a material producing an optical signal. PUFs are often based on unique physical variations occurring naturally
Physical_unclonable_function
American business executive (1956–2023)
Technology. He was quickly admitted with a full scholarship to Carnegie Mellon, where he finished his undergraduate and doctoral studies in physics in
Bruce_McWilliams
Blueprint for intelligent agents
Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers. page 35. Dr. Lars Ludwig (2013). Extended Artificial Memory. Toward an integral cognitive theory of memory and
Cognitive_architecture
World's first industrial robot, first produced in 1961
in academia, but in engineering and mechanics, and previously worked on optical sound recording for film and high-speed printing using magnetic sensing
Unimate
Classification of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)
Carnegie Mellon University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 May 2013. Retrieved 4 October 2014. Schmidhuber, Juergen (2014). "Memory Networks"
Types of artificial neural networks
Types_of_artificial_neural_networks
Children's amusement park in Pennsylvania, USA
Founded in 1878 as a campground along the Ligonier Valley Railroad by Thomas Mellon, Idlewild is the oldest amusement park in Pennsylvania and the third oldest
Idlewild_and_Soak_Zone
History of Apple's current Mac operating system
for Mac OS X. NeXTSTEP was based on the Mach kernel developed at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) and BSD, an implementation of Unix dating back to the 1970s
MacOS_version_history
Biological theory of intelligence
Hierarchical temporal memory (HTM) is a biologically constrained machine intelligence technology developed by Numenta. Originally described in the 2004
Hierarchical_temporal_memory
British data storage engineer and author (1927–2023)
at UC San Diego and the Data Storage Systems Center (DSSC) at Carnegie Mellon University. He was a co-founder and first chairman of the board of the National
Charles_Denis_Mee
Voting machine manufacturer
vulnerabilities in Diebold AccuVote-OS optical scan voting terminal. The system can be compromised even if its removable memory card is sealed in place. On September
Premier_Election_Solutions
Supercomputer designed and built by D. E. Shaw Research
biomedical research community at the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center, Carnegie Mellon University, and currently (8/20) continues with an ANTON 2 system. MIPS
Anton_(computer)
Home video game console by Sony
consoles, which were released the same month. The base model includes an optical disc drive compatible with Ultra HD Blu-ray discs. The Digital Edition
PlayStation_5
Software designed to enable access to unauthorized locations in a computer
of the twentieth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles. Carnegie Mellon University. pp. 1–16. doi:10.1145/1095810.1095812. ISBN 1595930795. S2CID 9960430
Rootkit
for that year using optical scan voting system. It involves electronic voting machines, printers, servers, power generators, memory cards, batteries, and
Electronic_voting_by_country
Text with references (links) to other text that the reader can immediately access
and hypertext. ZOG, an early hypertext system, was developed at Carnegie Mellon University during the 1970s, used for documents on Nimitz class aircraft
Hypertext
Free online crowdsourced encyclopedia
Brook University's College of Business and Benjamin Collier of Carnegie Mellon University found significant gender differences in confidence in expertise
Wikipedia
Matter which can change its physical properties in a programmable fashion
change its physical properties (shape, density, moduli, conductivity, optical properties, etc.) in a programmable fashion, based upon user input or autonomous
Programmable_matter
Error-detecting code for detecting data changes
transmission errors in many communication channels, including magnetic and optical storage devices. Typically an n-bit CRC applied to a data block of arbitrary
Cyclic_redundancy_check
Indian-American businessman (born 1955)
rejected. However, three weeks after beginning an MBA program at Carnegie Mellon, he was accepted to Stanford's MBA program and received his MBA in 1980
Vinod_Khosla
were released, laptops that dispense with an optical drive and hard drive entirely relying on flash memory for storage. The invention in the late 1970s
History_of_personal_computers
1981–2009 American computing company
production unit (SGI's first commercial computer) was shipped to Carnegie-Mellon University's Electronic Imaging Laboratory in 1984. SGI rapidly developed
Silicon_Graphics
referred to as overt security printing methods (or methods needing special optical tools). Overt surface level security features include using ultra violet
Levels_of_identity_security
MELLON OPTICAL-MEMORY
MELLON OPTICAL-MEMORY
Male
English
Unisex form of English Merlin, MERLYN means "sea fort."
Girl/Female
Indian
Optional
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Melanie, MELLONY means "black, dark."Â
Boy/Male
English
Meaning uncertain but possibly 'friend of Michael.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : probably a variant of Mellor. Compare Mealor, Meeler.
Surname or Lastname
English (Cornwall)
English (Cornwall) : perhaps a variant of Mellor.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Melville.German : from any of various places so called.
Boy/Male
Arthurian Legend
Son of Mordred.
Surname or Lastname
Cornish
Cornish : habitational name from a minor place named Kellow, from Cornish kellow, plural of kelli ‘wood’, ‘grove’.English : habitational name from Kelloe in Durham, named from Old English celf ‘calf’ + hlÄw ‘hill’.Scottish : from the lands of Kelloe in Berwickshire, or in some cases possibly a variant of Kellogg.
Surname or Lastname
Northern Irish
Northern Irish : shortened Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Mealláin ‘descendant of Meallán’, a personal name that is a diminutive of meall ‘pleasant’.English (of Norman origin) : habitational name from Meulan in Seine-et-Oise.Dutch (van Mellon) : habitational name from Millun bij Keulen.Thomas and Sarah Jane Mellon came to Pittsburgh, PA, from Lower Castletown, Tyrone, Ireland, in 1818. Their grandson, the industrialist and financier Andrew William Mellon (1855–1937) is remembered not only as a businessman but also as an art collector. He served as secretary of the Treasury from 1921 to 1932.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from the personal name Miles (of Norman origin but uncertain derivation; possibly related to Michael or Latin miles ‘soldier’, or even the Slavic name element mil ‘grace’, ‘favor’), or a metronymic from the female personal name Milla.English : metronymic from the old female personal name Milde, Milda, from Old English milde ‘mild’, ‘gentle’.
Male
Irish
Variant spelling of Irish Meallán, MELLAN means "little lump."
Male
English
English form of Welsh Dylan, DILLON means "great sea."
Male
English
Anglicized form of Hebrew Machlown, MAHLON means "sick." In the bible, this is the name of the son of Elimelech and Naomi.
Girl/Female
Latin
Honey.
Surname or Lastname
English (Kent and Sussex)
English (Kent and Sussex) : unexplained.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from places in Lancashire, West Yorkshire, and Derbyshire, earlier recorded as Melver, and named from ancient British words that are ancestors of Welsh moel ‘bare’ + bre ‘hill’.
Female
English
Variant spelling of English Helen, probably HELLEN means "torch."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : probably a variant of Mellor. Compare Mealor, Mealer.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from any of various places called Belton, for example in Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, and Suffolk. The first element, bel, is of uncertain origin; the second is Old English tūn ‘enclosure’, ‘settlement’.Irish : the name Weldon, relatively common in Ireland, has sometimes been Gaelicized as de Bhéalatún and re-Anglicized as Veldon and Belton.
MELLON OPTICAL-MEMORY
MELLON OPTICAL-MEMORY
Girl/Female
Tamil
Speech
Boy/Male
Tamil
Prosperous, Wealth
Boy/Male
American, Australian, Celtic, Chinese, Greek
Great; Form of Darren
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Women of Today
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
A Sacred Plant; Tulsi Plant
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Riches happiness
Boy/Male
African, British, English, German
Royal
Boy/Male
Indian
To Desire
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Light of the Most Gracious i.e. Allah
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Having Loved Heart
MELLON OPTICAL-MEMORY
MELLON OPTICAL-MEMORY
MELLON OPTICAL-MEMORY
MELLON OPTICAL-MEMORY
MELLON OPTICAL-MEMORY
v. i.
To become mellow; as, ripe fruit soon mellows.
a.
One skilled in optics.
v. t.
To make yellow; to cause to have a yellow tinge or color; to dye yellow.
pl.
of Cello
a.
Belonging to, or consisting of, bark or rind; resembling bark or rind; external; outer; superficial; as, the cortical substance of the kidney.
a.
Relating to the science of optics; as, optical works.
a.
Involving an option; depending on the exercise of an option; left to one's discretion or choice; not compulsory; as, optional studies; it is optional with you to go or stay.
a.
Of or pertaining to a vortex or vortexes; resembling a vortex in form or motion; whirling; as, a vortical motion.
a.
One who deals in optical glasses and instruments.
adv.
By optics or sight; with reference to optics.
v. t.
To make mellow.
n.
A word occurring in the phrase real vellon. See the Note under Its Real.
superl.
Soft or tender by reason of ripeness; having a tender pulp; as, a mellow apple.
n.
Variant of Felon.
n.
A yellow pigment.
a.
Of or pertaining to the eye; ocular; as, the optic nerves (the first pair of cranial nerves) which are distributed to the retina. See Illust. of Brain, and Eye.
a.
Alt. of Optical
n.
Of or pertaining to a place; limited; logical application; as, a topical remedy; a topical claim or privilege.
a.
Expressed in metrical form; exhibiting the imaginative or the rhythmical quality of poetry; as, a poetical composition; poetical prose.
superl.
Easily worked or penetrated; not hard or rigid; as, a mellow soil.