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See searches and references containing MEMORY REFRESH!MEMORY REFRESH
Process for preserving information in DRAM
Memory refresh is a process of periodically reading information from an area of computer memory and immediately rewriting the read information to the
Memory_refresh
Type of computer memory
memory, in contrast to static random-access memory (SRAM) which does not require data to be refreshed. Unlike flash memory, DRAM is volatile memory (as
Dynamic_random-access_memory
Topics referred to by the same term
tag Memory refresh, reading and writing to the same area of computer memory Refreshable braille display, a device for blind computer users USS Refresh (AM-287)
Refresh
Type of computer memory
characterized as volatile memory, SRAM exhibits data remanence. SRAM offers a simple data access model and does not require a refresh circuit. Performance
Static_random-access_memory
Feature of computer systems
only perform memory-to-memory transfers using channels 0 & 1, of which channel 0 in the PC (& XT) was dedicated to dynamic memory refresh. This prevented
Direct_memory_access
Form of non-volatile memory used in computers and other electronic devices
Read-only memory (ROM) is a form of non-volatile memory used in computers and other electronic devices. Data stored in ROM cannot be electronically modified
Read-only_memory
Data storage device
faster and does not require memory refresh. It is used for smaller cache memories in computers. CAM (Content-addressable memory) – This is a specialized
Semiconductor_memory
Part of computer memory
refreshed periodically. Due to this refresh process, DRAM consumes more power, but it can achieve higher storage densities. Most non-volatile memory (NVM)
Memory_cell_(computing)
Type of computer memory
refresh (DRAM requires refresh less often at low temperatures), partial array self refresh, and a "deep power down" mode which sacrifices all memory contents
LPDDR
Visual artifact in video display
device is not synchronized with the display's refresh rate. That can be caused by non-matching refresh rates, and the tear line then moves as the phase
Screen_tearing
Device controlling access and addressing of memory
write dynamic random-access memory (DRAM), and to provide the critical memory refresh and other functions. Reading and writing to DRAM is performed by selecting
Memory_controller
Computer security exploit
nearby (adjacent, in most cases) memory rows, which are called victim rows; if the affected memory cells are not refreshed before they lose too much charge
Row_hammer
Form of computer memory
Random-access memory (RAM; /ræm/) is a form of electronic computer memory that can be read and changed in any order, typically used to store working data
Random-access_memory
Type of memory used on processors that require high transfer rate memory
High Bandwidth Memory (HBM) is a computer memory interface for 3D-stacked synchronous dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM), initially developed by Samsung
High_Bandwidth_Memory
Type of computer memory
memory controller must simply issue a sufficient number of auto refresh commands (one per row, 8192 in the example we have been using) every refresh interval
Synchronous dynamic random-access memory
Synchronous_dynamic_random-access_memory
Computer memory that loses its contents when unpowered
Volatile memory, in contrast to non-volatile memory, is computer memory that requires power to maintain the stored information; it retains its contents
Volatile_memory
Component that stores information
located in computer memory. The terms memory, main memory, and primary storage are also used for computer memory. Computer memory is often referred to
Computer_memory
Storage of digital data readable by computers
memory is a form of volatile memory that also requires the stored information to be periodically reread and rewritten, or refreshed; static RAM (SRAM) is similar
Computer_data_storage
Computer memory that does not lose its contents after being turned off
Non-volatile memory (NVM) or non-volatile storage is a type of computer memory that can retain stored information even after power is removed. In contrast
Non-volatile_memory
Computer memory type used for data preservation
laser writing process. It is also branded Superman memory crystal, in reference to the Kryptonian memory crystals from the Superman franchise. Discs using
5D_optical_data_storage
Computer storage device with no moving parts
scrubbing and management of read disturb Wear leveling Management of flash memory refresh and data retention Thermal detection and management The overall performance
Solid-state_drive
Type of computer memory
including reduced voltage supply and advanced refresh options, LPDDR can achieve greater power efficiency. ECC memory, a type of computer data storage Fully
DDR_SDRAM
Computer made by Xerox
refresh data from main memory to the shift register, which serializes it into a display of pixels corresponding to the ones and zeros of the memory data
Xerox_Alto
Type of computer memory used from 1955 to 1975
magnetic-core memory is a form of random-access memory. It predominated for roughly 20 years between 1955 and 1975, and is often just called core memory, or, informally
Magnetic-core_memory
Early type of computer memory
electronic computer memory, delay-line memory was a refreshable memory, but as opposed to modern random-access memory, delay-line memory was sequential-access
Delay-line_memory
Early form of read-only memory
Core rope memory is a form of read-only memory (ROM) for computers. It was used in the UNIVAC I (Universal Automatic Computer I) and the UNIVAC II, developed
Core_rope_memory
Type of computer memory
random-access memory (NVRAM) is random-access memory that retains data without applied power. This is in contrast to dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) and
Non-volatile random-access memory
Non-volatile_random-access_memory
Computer memory architecture
In computer architecture, the memory hierarchy separates computer storage into a hierarchy based on response time. Since response time, complexity, and
Memory_hierarchy
Early form of computer memory
display faded over time, it was periodically refreshed. It operates faster than earlier acoustic delay-line memory, at the speed of the electrons inside the
Williams_tube
Flat, usually circular disc that encodes binary data
File operations of traditional mass storage devices such as flash drives, memory cards and hard drives can be simulated using a UDF live file system. For
Optical_disc
Line of Intel microprocessors released in 2022
Raptor Lake-S Refresh is that one fewer E-core cluster is disabled in silicon for Core i7 SKUs. CPUs in bold below feature UDIMM ECC memory support only
Raptor_Lake
Obsolete type of non-volatile computer memory
Bubble memory is a type of non-volatile computer memory that uses a thin film of a magnetic material to hold small magnetized areas, known as bubbles or
Bubble_memory
Recording of information in a storage medium
optical disc drives, memory cards, and solid-state drives (SSDs). It also includes experimental forms like holographic memory. Mass storage includes
Data_storage
Type of computer memory
It also provides two refresh commands: REFab and REFsb. Multiple DDR5 memory chips can be mounted on a circuit board to form memory modules. For use in
DDR5_SDRAM
Integrated Circuits, National Semiconductor Corporation, January 1974 Logic/Memories/Interface/Analog/Microprocessor/Military Data Manual, Signetics Corporation
List of 7400-series integrated circuits
List_of_7400-series_integrated_circuits
Novel computer memory type
Phase-change memory (also known as PCM, PCME, PRAM, PCRAM, OUM (ovonic unified memory) and C-RAM or CRAM (chalcogenide RAM)) is a type of non-volatile
Phase-change_memory
Dynamic random-access memory included in a processor chip or package
refreshing of the memory cells, which adds complexity. However, if the memory refresh controller is embedded along with the eDRAM memory, the remainder of
EDRAM
Process performed by firmware or software routines
features such as parity memory and the thorough memory test in every POST were dropped from most models. The exponential growth of PC memory sizes, driven by
Power-on_self-test
Pseudo-static random-access memory technology introduced by MoSys Inc.
that makes the memory functionally equivalent to SRAM (the controller hides all DRAM-specific operations such as precharging and refresh). 1T-SRAM (and
1T-SRAM
Novel type of computer memory
Resistive random-access memory (ReRAM or RRAM) is a type of non-volatile (NV) random-access (RAM) computer memory that works by changing the resistance
Resistive random-access memory
Resistive_random-access_memory
1981 American microcomputer model
Intel 8253 PIT. The PIT provides 18.2 Hz clock "ticks" and dynamic memory refresh timing. The CPU is an Intel 8088, a cost-reduced form of the Intel 8086
IBM_Personal_Computer
Replaceable device used for the distribution and storage of video games
exposed by the port and attached via an edge connector; the cartridge was memory mapped directly into the system's address space such that the CPU could
ROM_cartridge
Novel type of computer memory
in MCU-Based Systems. Another non-volatile memory type is flash, and like FeRAM it does not require a refresh process. Flash works by pushing electrons
Ferroelectric_RAM
Computer memory used for small quantities of data
or E2PROM (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory) is a type of non-volatile memory. It is used in computers, usually integrated in microcontrollers
EEPROM
Memory card format
MultiMediaCard (MMC) is a memory card standard used for solid-state storage, originally introduced in 1997 by SanDisk, Siemens, and Nokia. Designed as
MultiMediaCard
Magnetic data storage device
the 1960s as computer memory. Many early computers, called drum computers or drum machines, used drum memory as the main memory of the computer. These
Drum_memory
Italian-American physicist and inventor (born 1941)
interface directly with dynamic RAM, since it included an internal memory-refresh controller. The Z80 was used in many of early personal computers, as
Federico_Faggin
Circuit used to amplify and detect small signals in electronic systems
circuits in a computer's memory subsystem. Sense amplifier is required during the data read and refresh operation from the memory concerned. The data in
Sense_amplifier
Discontinued computer memory type
XPoint (pronounced three-D cross point) is a discontinued non-volatile memory (NVM) technology developed jointly by Intel and Micron Technology. It was
3D_XPoint
1980 business-oriented personal computer
video or memory refresh cycles) and, like some of the later machines in the Apple II family, uses bank switching techniques to address memory beyond the
Apple_III
Novel type of computer memory
Millipede memory is a form of non-volatile computer memory. It promised a data density of more than 1 terabit per square inch (1 gigabit per square millimeter)
Millipede_memory
Magnetic tape data storage technology
cartridge of the same generation with the following exceptions: the cartridge memory identifies it to the drive as WORM, the servo tracks are slightly different
Linear_Tape-Open
Method to store and retrieve computer data using optics
such as floppy disks and hard disks, or semiconductors, such as flash memory. Optical storage in the form of discs grants the ability to record onto
Optical_storage
Computer processor contained on an integrated-circuit chip
sometimes the integration of extra circuitry (e.g. the Z80's built-in memory refresh circuitry) allowed the home computer "revolution" to accelerate sharply
Microprocessor
Write once computer memory
A programmable read-only memory (PROM) is a form of digital memory where the contents are set after the device is manufactured. Once set, the contents
Programmable_ROM
Process of encoding and decoding binary data to and from synthesized strands of DNA
published. N. Wiener expressed ideas about miniaturization of computer memory, close to the ideas, proposed by M. S. Neiman independently. These Wiener's
DNA_digital_data_storage
Timing information of a memory module
granular refresh), with its own tRFC2 and tRFC4 timings, while DDR5 retained only tRFC2. Memory bandwidth measures the throughput of memory, and is generally
Memory_timings
Home-built computer kit designed in the Soviet Union
This results in stopping the video controller and memory refresh, so the CPU performs memory refresh programmatically. Signal from recorder is amplified
Radio-86RK
Data recording made of plastic film
cartridges and cassettes Pogue, David (1 September 2016). "Digitize Those Memory-Filled Cassettes before They Disintegrate". Scientific American. Archived
Magnetic_tape
Cognitive system for temporarily holding information
working memory. Other suggested names were short-term memory, primary memory, immediate memory, operant memory, and provisional memory. Short-term memory is
Working_memory
2025 smartphone by Apple
the iPhone 16, the device was announced alongside the higher-priced, refreshed iPhone 17 Pro and 17 Pro Max and the new iPhone Air during an Apple Event
IPhone_17
Phenomenon associated with solid state storage
operations, such as buffer flushing (SLC buffer or DRAM buffer) and flash memory refresh. If the controller were to background garbage collect all of the spare
Write_amplification
Computer graphics technique for side-scrolling video games
Adaptive tile refresh is a computer graphics technique for side-scrolling video games. It was most famously used by id Software's John Carmack in games
Adaptive_tile_refresh
Electronic non-volatile computer storage device
Flash memory is an electronic non-volatile computer memory storage medium that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed. The two main types of flash
Flash_memory
Novel computer memory type
Racetrack memory or domain-wall memory (DWM) is an experimental non-volatile memory device under development at IBM's Almaden Research Center by a team
Racetrack_memory
Persistent computer data storage with no moving parts
unit of storage. SSS devices typically use flash memory, but some use battery-backed random-access memory (RAM). Devices come in various types, form factors
Solid-state_storage
Scrubbing of computer memory
correction, a general theory used for memory scrubbing Memory refresh, which preserves information stored in memory Ronald K. Burek. "The NEAR Solid-State
Memory_scrubbing
Topics referred to by the same term
networks Memory in Pixel, a type of liquid crystal display that uses static random-access memory (SRAM) to hold a pixel state without memory refresh (unlike
MIP
Non-volatile memory technology
non-volatile computer memory developed at Arizona State University. PMC, a technology developed to replace the widely used flash memory, providing a combination
Programmable metallization cell
Programmable_metallization_cell
Type of computer memory
capacitors used in DRAM lose their charge over time, memory assemblies that use DRAM must refresh all the cells in their chips several times a second,
Magnetoresistive_RAM
Computer port used for gaming controllers
included 8-bit I/O ports as well as the hardware needed to control memory refresh and similar housekeeping tasks. Ultimately, the design used five of
Atari_joystick_port
Type of random-access memory
determined by the memory controller. The refresh counter is also programmable by the controller. Operations are: 000: NOPR Perform no refresh operation 001:
XDR_DRAM
Internal expansion bus in early PC compatibles
motherboard and allows for bus mastering. Only the first 16 MB of main memory is addressable. The original 8-bit bus ran from the 4.77 MHz clock of the
Industry Standard Architecture
Industry_Standard_Architecture
Intel processor family released in 2019
socket Comet Lake-H compared to Coffee Lake-H Refresh Higher turbo frequencies by up to 300 MHz DDR4-2933 memory support Thermal Velocity Boost for Core i7
Comet_Lake
Obsolete form of removable media
Cases for Drum and Disk Records," U.S. patent 3,206,214, 1965; R.E. Pattison, "Portable Memory for Data Processing Machine," U.S. patent 3,176,281, 1965
Disk_pack
Type of random-access memory
Dual-ported RAM (DPRAM), also called dual-port RAM, is a type of random-access memory (RAM) that can be accessed via two different buses. A simple dual-port RAM
Dual-ported_RAM
Early type of solid state computer memory
read-only memory, is a type of programmable read-only memory (PROM) chip that retains its data when its power supply is switched off. Computer memory that
EPROM
Data storage device
There are two main "hybrid" storage technologies that combine NAND flash memory or SSDs with the HDD technology: dual-drive hybrid systems and solid-state
Hybrid_drive
Type of memory used on graphics cards
Graphics DDR SDRAM (GDDR SDRAM) is a type of synchronous dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM) specifically designed for applications requiring high bandwidth
GDDR_SDRAM
Novel computer memory type
require power to "refresh" it, and will retain its memory even after power is removed. Thus the power needed to write and retain the memory state of the device
Nano-RAM
Random-access memory with processing elements integrated on the same chip
require more frequent DRAM refresh. A processor-in-/near-memory (PINM) refers to a computer processor (CPU) tightly coupled to memory, generally on the same
Computational_RAM
Novel type of computer memory
Electrochemical Random-Access Memory (ECRAM) is a type of non-volatile memory (NVM) with multiple levels per cell (MLC) designed for deep learning analog
Electrochemical_RAM
1989–1995 events in North Carolina, US
testify about events that had occurred three years previously, with memories "refreshed" by therapy sessions, meetings with the prosecution and repeated
Little Rascals day care sexual abuse trial
Little_Rascals_day_care_sexual_abuse_trial
Data storage technologies that use magnetic tape
can be stopped, backed up, and restarted (known as shoe-shining). A large memory buffer can be used to queue the data. In the past, the host block size affected
Magnetic-tape_data_storage
Early type of computer memory
Twistor memory is a form of computer memory formed by wrapping magnetic tape around a current-carrying wire to make a device called a twistor. Operationally
Twistor_memory
Software acceleration program for file loading
several advanced features of the Spectrum's architecture, such as the memory refresh register and parity branch instructions of the Z80 processor, which
Fast_loader
Home computer by Coleco, released in 1983
memory. As the TMS9928A only saw its dedicated memory area it could not drive the memory refresh for the user-side RAM, so the Z80's internal refresh
Coleco_Adam
Counter that generates an output signal when it reaches a programmed count
system timer, timer 1 was historically used for dynamic random-access memory refreshes and timer 2 for the PC speaker. The LAPIC in newer Intel systems offers
Programmable_interval_timer
Intel microprocessor compatible socket for Meteor Lake-PS and Arrow Lake-S
current supply shortages with newer DDR5 memory. depends on OEM's implementation "Intel CPU launch plans: Refreshes, Meteor Lake and Arrow Lake". June 22
LGA_1851
Microprocessor family released in 2016
on-package HBM memory through an embedded multi-die interconnect bridge (EMIB). Release date: Q1 2018. On August 28, 2018, Intel announced a refreshed lineup
Kaby_Lake
Type of field-effect transistor
electrical bias. FeFET based devices are used in FeFET memory – a type of single transistor non-volatile memory. In 1955, Ian Munro Ross filed a patent for a FeFET
Fe_FET
Type of computer memory introduced 2014
Rate 4 Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory (DDR4 SDRAM) is a type of synchronous dynamic random-access memory with a high-bandwidth ("double data rate")
DDR4_SDRAM
IBM data storage technology that uses PCI Express and NVMe
address space, without performance impact. On September 17, 2007, Texas Memory Systems (TMS) announced the RamSan-500, the world's first enterprise-class
Flash_Core_Module
Storage device technology
non-volatility of a data storage memory, like flash, with the speed, energy-efficiency, and endurance of a working memory, like DRAM," which means it could
UltraRAM
Obsolete electronic device for counting in decimal
Computer memory and data storage types General Memory cell Memory coherence Cache coherence Memory hierarchy Memory access pattern Memory map Secondary
Dekatron
Custom Amiga chip
co-processor 25 Direct Memory Access (DMA) channels, allowing graphics, sound and I/O to be used with minimal CPU intervention DRAM refresh controller Generates
MOS_Technology_Agnus
Early type of computer memory
complete memory the system was arranged to be regenerative, with the output of the photocells being amplified and sent back into the CRT to refresh the cells
Mellon_optical_memory
these memories must be periodically regenerated (i.e. read and rewritten, also called refreshed) to prevent data loss. Other types of computer memory exist
Regenerative_capacitor_memory
2-D grid of wires where data is represented by the presence or absence of diodes at nodes
instructions. A diode matrix is one technique for implementing a read-only memory. It may be used as the control store or microprogram in many early computers
Diode_matrix
Proposed form of computer storage
Universal memory refers to a computer data storage device combining the cost benefits of DRAM, the speed of SRAM, the non-volatility of flash memory along
Universal_memory
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