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Information used for message authentication and integrity checking
cryptography, a message authentication code (MAC), sometimes known as an authentication tag, is a short piece of information used for authenticating and integrity-checking
Message_authentication_code
System to verify the source and or authenticity of a message
In information security, message authentication or data origin authentication is a property that a message has not been modified while in transit (data
Message_authentication
Computer communications authentication algorithm
either keyed-hash message authentication code or hash-based message authentication code) is a specific type of message authentication code (MAC) involving
HMAC
Authenticated encryption mode for block ciphers
field GF(2128) to compute the authentication tag, hence its name. Galois Message Authentication Code (GMAC) is an authentication-only variant of GCM that can
Galois/Counter_Mode
Authenticated encryption protocol for Wireless LAN
Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code Protocol (Counter Mode CBC-MAC Protocol) or CCM mode Protocol (CCMP) is an authenticated encryption protocol
CCMP_(cryptography)
Set of cryptographic hash functions
permutation, as well as two authenticated encryption algorithms Kravatte-SANE and Kravatte-SANSE RawSHAKE is the basis for the Sakura coding for tree hashing, which
SHA-3
Practice and study of secure communication techniques
keystream. Message authentication codes (MACs) are much like cryptographic hash functions, except that a secret key can be used to authenticate the hash
Cryptography
Cryptography algorithm
Message authentication codes (MACs) are often built from block ciphers. CBC-MAC, OMAC and PMAC are examples. Disk encryption Message authentication code
Block cipher mode of operation
Block_cipher_mode_of_operation
Hash function that is suitable for use in cryptography
applications, notably in digital signatures, message authentication codes (MACs), and other forms of authentication. They can also be used as ordinary hash
Cryptographic_hash_function
Encryption method
Output: ciphertext and authentication tag (message authentication code or MAC). Decryption Input: ciphertext, key, authentication tag, and optionally a
Authenticated_encryption
Branch of computer security
using the same secret key used by the sender. The Message Authentication Code protects both a message's data integrity as well as its authenticity. A computer
Internet_security
Mathematical scheme for verifying the authenticity of digital documents
the recipient. In contrast, a message authentication code only gives confidence to a specific recipient that the message came from a known sender. Digital
Digital_signature
Message-digest hashing algorithm
Canetti, Ran (February 1997). "RFC 2104 – HMAC: Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication". Internet Engineering Task Force. doi:10.17487/RFC2104. Archived
MD5
Framework for authentication and data security in Internet protocols
Simple Authentication and Security Layer (SASL) is a framework for authentication and data security in Internet protocols. It decouples authentication mechanisms
Simple Authentication and Security Layer
Simple_Authentication_and_Security_Layer
Encoding for text messages
The tap code, sometimes called the knock code, is a way to encode text messages on a letter-by-letter basis in a very simple way. The message is transmitted
Tap_code
Hash functions
for any message Y ∉ {Xi} which they have not seen before. SipHash computes a 64-bit message authentication code from a variable-length message and 128-bit
SipHash
Method of computer access control
Multi-factor authentication (MFA), also known as two-factor authentication (2FA), is an electronic authentication method in which a user is granted access
Multi-factor_authentication
The Message Authenticator Algorithm (MAA) was one of the first cryptographic functions for computing a message authentication code (MAC). It was designed
Message Authenticator Algorithm
Message_Authenticator_Algorithm
Authenticated encryption mode for block ciphers
chaining message authentication code; counter with CBC-MAC) is a mode of operation for cryptographic block ciphers. It is an authenticated encryption
CCM_mode
Method of negotiating credentials between web server and browser
July 2011. Digest access authentication was originally specified by RFC 2069 (An Extension to HTTP: Digest Access Authentication). RFC 2069 specifies roughly
Digest_access_authentication
Authenticated encryption with associated data algorithm
an authenticated encryption with associated data (AEAD) algorithm, that combines the ChaCha20 stream cipher with the Poly1305 message authentication code
ChaCha20-Poly1305
Topics referred to by the same term
CMAC is the Cipher-based Message Authentication Code, a cryptographic algorithm. CMAC may also refer to: Cerebellar model articulation controller, type
CMAC_(disambiguation)
Message authentication code algorithm
VMAC is a block cipher-based message authentication code (MAC) algorithm using a universal hash proposed by Ted Krovetz and Wei Dai in April 2007. The
VMAC
German cipher machine during World War II
chosen settings and send the rest of the message. That meant that only those three letters were set to the day code, although normally typed twice for a total
Enigma_machine
Message authentication code algorithm
chaining message authentication code (CBC-MAC) is a technique for constructing a message authentication code (MAC) from a block cipher. The message is encrypted
CBC-MAC
Universal hash family used for message authentication in cryptography
hash family, Poly1305 can be used as a one-time message authentication code to authenticate a single message using a secret key shared between sender and
Poly1305
International standard
ISO/IEC 9797-1 Information technology – Security techniques – Message Authentication Codes (MACs) – Part 1: Mechanisms using a block cipher is an international
ISO/IEC_9797-1
Message authentication code algorithm
The Data Authentication Algorithm (DAA) is a former U.S. government standard for producing cryptographic message authentication codes. DAA is defined in
Data_Authentication_Algorithm
IEEE network security standard
fields: Security Tag, which is an extension of the EtherType Message authentication code (Integrity Check Value, ICV) Secure Connectivity Associations
IEEE_802.1AE
International standard for financial transaction card originated interchange messaging
indicator Authentication and verification done (7th to 9th character) Card Data Input Method Cardholder Verification Method Cardholder Authentication Entity
ISO_8583
Attack against cryptographical hash functions
problematic when the hash is used as a message authentication code with construction Hash(secret ‖ message), and message and the length of secret is known
Length_extension_attack
Collection of efficiently-computable functions which emulate a random oracle
deterministic, memoryless authentication schemes (message authentication code based) which are provably secure against chosen message attack. Distributing
Pseudorandom_function_family
Message authentication code algorithm
message authentication code algorithm. It was created by Phillip Rogaway. PMAC is a method of taking a block cipher and creating an efficient message
PMAC_(cryptography)
Simple and widely known encryption technique
Caesar's cipher, the shift cipher, Caesar's code, or Caesar shift Smith, James (2021-11-30). "Writing Secret Messages With a Caesar Cipher". Golang Project
Caesar_cipher
Password authentication algorithm
a one-time password (OTP) algorithm based on the hash-based message authentication code (HMAC) cryptographic algorithm and is a basis for the commonly
HMAC-based_one-time_password
International standard
Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS), obsolete) RFC 5084 (Using AES-CCM and AES-GCM Authenticated Encryption in the Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS),
Cryptographic_Message_Syntax
Key derivation function
PBKDF2 applies a pseudorandom function, such as hash-based message authentication code (HMAC), to the input password or passphrase along with a salt
PBKDF2
Cryptographic protocols for securing data in transit
of all messages is indicated by the letter m. Message Authentication Code (MAC): 16, 20, or 32 bytes (optional) A message authentication code computed
Transport_Layer_Security
Classic polyalphabet encryption system
cipher) is a cipher that incorporates the message (the plaintext) into the key. The key is generated from the message in some automated fashion, sometimes
Autokey_cipher
Theory of cryptography
cryptographic hashes, message authentication codes, mask generation functions, stream ciphers, pseudo-random number generators, and authenticated encryption. A
Sponge_function
Type of substitution cipher
cipher tool for enciphering small messages. Online Pigpen cipher tool for deciphering small messages. Cipher Code True Type Font Deciphering An Ominous
Pigpen_cipher
Set of algorithms that help secure a network connection
a key exchange algorithm, a bulk encryption algorithm, and a message authentication code (MAC) algorithm. The key exchange algorithm is used to exchange
Cipher_suite
Aspect of banking security
participate in one of several supported authentication protocols. CAP is a form of two-factor authentication as both a smartcard and a valid PIN must
Chip_Authentication_Program
Cipher used by the UK in World War II
poem was found, the enemy might transmit messages without typos, revealing the code's discovery. The code's advantage was that it provided relatively
Poem_code
only one is allowed). This code is also typically used if the request provided authentication by answering the WWW-Authenticate header field challenge, but
List_of_HTTP_status_codes
Cryptanalytic method for unauthorized users to access data
complexity (e.g., requiring a CAPTCHA answer or employing multi-factor authentication), and/or locking accounts out after unsuccessful login attempts.[page needed]
Brute-force_attack
Single-use value in secure communications
access authentication to calculate an MD5 digest of the password. The nonces are different each time the 401 authentication challenge response code is presented
Cryptographic_nonce
Cryptographic key management algorithm
Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) with Curve25519, for message authentication codes (MAC, authentication) Keyed-hash message authentication code (HMAC) based on SHA-256, for symmetric
Double_Ratchet_Algorithm
Key derivation function based on an HMAC
multi-purpose key derivation function (KDF) based on the HMAC message authentication code. HKDF follows "extract-then-expand" paradigm, where the KDF logically
HKDF
Cryptographic hash function
algorithm". SM3 is used for implementing digital signatures, message authentication codes, and pseudorandom number generators. The algorithm is public
SM3_(hash_function)
Steganography method
both a substitution cipher (in plain code) and a concealment cipher (using the two typefaces). To encode a message, each letter of the plaintext is replaced
Bacon's_cipher
Type of data structure
Dunkelman; John Kelsey (January 2009). "Herding, Second Preimage and Trojan Message Attacks beyond Merkle-Damgård". Selected Areas in Cryptography. Lecture
Merkle_tree
Scheme for controlling errors in data over noisy communication channels
Recoverable Codes Message authentication code Burst error-correcting code Code rate Erasure codes Error detection and correction Error-correcting codes with
Error_correction_code
Networking protocol for clock synchronization
flaws, with no correction published, save for a change in the message authentication code. Autokey should no longer be used. Network Time Security (NTS)
Network_Time_Protocol
Algorithm for encrypting and decrypting information
information into cipher or code. In common parlance, "cipher" is synonymous with "code", as they are both a set of steps that encrypt a message; however, the concepts
Cipher
Topics referred to by the same term
Futures Trading Commission Galois Message Authentication Code, a type of cryptographic message authentication code Giga multiply–accumulate operations
GMAC
Password cracking dataset
authentication system – can learn a password merely by looking at the value stored in the database. When a user enters a password for authentication,
Rainbow_table
Process of converting plaintext to ciphertext
verification of a message authentication code (MAC) or a digital signature usually done by a hashing algorithm or a PGP signature. Authenticated encryption algorithms
Encryption
Cryptographic attack
operation. See stream cipher attack. A keyed message authentication code, digital signature, or other authentication mechanism allows the recipient to detect
Bit-flipping_attack
Network attack in which valid data transmission is repeated or delayed
each other. Bob can also send nonces but should then include a message authentication code (MAC), which Alice should check. Timestamping is another way
Replay_attack
Study of analyzing information systems in order to discover their hidden aspects
Park 1944 Cryptographic Dictionary defined a depth as 1. A series of code messages reciphered with the same, or the same part of a, reciphering key especially
Cryptanalysis
Basic cryptographic algorithm used to build cryptographic protocols
example, a bare encryption algorithm will provide no authentication mechanism, nor any explicit message integrity checking. Only when combined in security
Cryptographic_primitive
2015 password-based key derivation function
internally built upon Blake2. Function Hash(message, digestSize) Inputs: message: Bytes (0..232-1) Message to be hashed digestSize: Integer (1..232) Desired
Argon2
Type of message authentication code
In cryptography, a universal hashing message authentication code, or UMAC, is a message authentication code (MAC) calculated using universal hashing, which
UMAC_(cryptography)
Type of cryptographic attack
2nd ed. by Bruce Schneier "What is a digital signature and what is authentication?" from RSA Security's crypto FAQ. "Birthday Attack" X5 Networks Crypto
Birthday_attack
Method in cryptanalysis
shifts the bottom message one letter to the left, then one more letters to the left, etc., each time going through the entire message and counting the
Kasiski_examination
Computer authentication protocol
and it provides mutual authentication—both the user and the server verify each other's identity. Kerberos protocol messages are protected against eavesdropping
Kerberos_(protocol)
Topics referred to by the same term
UMAC may refer to: UMAC (cryptography), a type of message authentication code University of Macau Upper Midwest Athletic Conference, an NCAA conference
UMAC
Multiple-substitution writing system cipher
Scotographia. Lennon, Brian (2018). Passwords: Philology, Security, Authentication. Harvard University Press. p. 26. ISBN 9780674985377. Maclean, Donald
Polyalphabetic_cipher
Authenticated encryption mode with resistance against nonce reuse
combines the well-known counter mode of encryption with the Galois mode of authentication. The key feature is the use of a synthetic initialization vector (SIV)
AES-GCM-SIV
Message authentication code algorithm
One-key MAC (OMAC) is a family of message authentication codes constructed from a block cipher much like the CBC-MAC algorithm. It may be used to provide
One-key_MAC
Encryption and decryption method
cipher in which each word or letter in the plaintext of a message is replaced by some code that locates it in another text, the key. A simple version
Book_cipher
Attack model against cryptographic hash functions
cryptography, a preimage attack on cryptographic hash functions tries to find a message that has a specific hash value. A cryptographic hash function should resist
Preimage_attack
Secure network protocol suite
Protocol (IP) networks. It supports network-level peer authentication, data origin authentication, data integrity, data confidentiality (encryption), and
IPsec
Cipher machines used by the German Army during World War II
for this traffic. These audio frequency shift keying non-Morse (NoMo) messages were picked up by Britain's Y-stations at Knockholt in Kent, its outstation
Lorenz_cipher
Encryption technique
ciphers. Standard techniques to prevent this, such as the use of a message authentication code can be used along with a one-time pad system to prevent such
One-time_pad
Encryption tool used to perform a transposition cipher
that the scytale was used for message authentication rather than encryption. Only if the sender wrote the message around a scytale of the same diameter
Scytale
Password that can only be used once
traditional (static) password-based authentication; a number of implementations also incorporate two-factor authentication by ensuring that the one-time password
One-time_password
Adding data to a message prior to encryption to hide its length
of the padding bytes. That can be accomplished by verifying a message authentication code (MAC) or digital signature before removal of the padding bytes
Padding_(cryptography)
Random data used as an additional input to a hash function
Authenticated encryption Public-key cryptography Quantum key distribution Quantum cryptography Post-quantum cryptography Message authentication code Random
Salt_(cryptography)
Extension of Internet protocol
may log in using any authentication mechanism supported by the server. It is mainly used by submission servers, where authentication is mandatory. SMTP
SMTP_Authentication
Password-based key derivation function
bcrypt for run times less than 1 second (i.e., for common password authentication). Argon2 does not match or surpass bcrypt's strength until exceeding
Bcrypt
Encrypted information
codetext, because the latter is a result of a code, not a cipher. Let m {\displaystyle m\!} be the plaintext message that Alice wants to secretly transmit to
Ciphertext
Surveillance strategy
Authenticated encryption Public-key cryptography Quantum key distribution Quantum cryptography Post-quantum cryptography Message authentication code Random
Harvest_now,_decrypt_later
Computer password or cryptographic key
symmetric-key cryptography such as Kerberos. The shared secret can be used for authentication (for instance when logging in to a remote system) using methods such
Shared_secret
Type of code
was originally used for fire signalling, allowing for the coded transmission of any message, not just a finite number of predetermined options as was
Polybius_square
Ukrainian cryptographic hash function
In addition to the hash function, the standard also describes message authentication code generation using Kupyna with digest sizes 256, 384 and 512 bits
Kupyna
Function that derives secret keys from a secret value
Standards and Technology (NIST) issued a new revision of their digital authentication guidelines, NIST SP 800-63B-3, stating that: "Verifiers SHALL store
Key_derivation_function
policy AuthIP—Authenticated Internet Protocol AuthN—Authentication AuthZ—Authorization AV—Antivirus software AVC—Advanced Video Coding AVI—Audio Video
List of computing and IT abbreviations
List_of_computing_and_IT_abbreviations
Message sent to a certificate authority to apply for a certificate
systems, a certificate signing request (CSR or certification request) is a message sent from an applicant to a certificate authority of the public key infrastructure
Certificate_signing_request
Cryptographic hash function
Aumasson, J-P (November 2015). The BLAKE2 Cryptographic Hash and Message Authentication Code (MAC). IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC7693. RFC 7693. Retrieved 4 December
BLAKE_(hash_function)
Message sent with a fake identity
colleagues of the top-level employees within the company. Phishing Message authentication code Stream cipher attack "Famous Phishing Incidents from History
Message_forgery
Reliable digital data delivery methods on unreliable channels
attacker can change not only the message but also the hash value, then a keyed hash or message authentication code (MAC) can be used for additional security
Error detection and correction
Error_detection_and_correction
Hybrid encryption in cryptography
derivation function (e.g., ANSI-X9.63-KDF with SHA-1 option), a message authentication code system (e.g., HMAC-SHA-1-160 with 160-bit keys or HMAC-SHA-1-80
Integrated_Encryption_Scheme
Authenticated encryption mode of operation for block ciphers
designed to provide both message authentication and privacy. It is essentially a scheme for integrating a message authentication code (MAC) into the operation
OCB_mode
Puzzle
example is the book cipher, where a book or article is used to encrypt a message. The ciphers used in cryptograms were created not for entertainment purposes
Cryptogram
Set of cryptographic hash functions
generate a message authentication code (MAC). A naive construction S H A 2 ( k e y | | m e s s a g e ) {\displaystyle {\mathit {SHA2}}(key||message)} cannot
SHA-2
System that regulates the formation of blocks on a blockchain
the following header represents about 252 hash computations to send a message to calvin@comics.net on January 19, 2038: X-Hashcash: 1:52:380119:calvin@comics
Proof_of_work
Class of functions in cryptography
permutation. It can be shown that a function Fk is not a secure message authentication code (MAC) if it satisfies only the unpredictability requirement.
Pseudorandom_permutation
Competition to design encryption schemes
The Competition for Authenticated Encryption: Security, Applicability, and Robustness (CAESAR) is a competition organized by a group of international
CAESAR_Competition
travel, tourism, insurance
MESSAGE AUTHENTICATION-CODE
MESSAGE AUTHENTICATION-CODE
MESSAGE AUTHENTICATION-CODE
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MESSAGE AUTHENTICATION-CODE
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MESSAGE AUTHENTICATION-CODE
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