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First major written collection of the Oral Torah
The Mishnah (/ˈmɪʃnə/; Hebrew: מִשְׁנָה, romanized: mišnā, lit. 'study by repetition', from the verb לִשְׁנוֹת lišnot, "to repeat") is the first written
Mishnah
Book by Yisrael Meir ha-Kohen Kagan
The Mishnah Berurah (Hebrew: משנה ברורה "Clear Teaching") is a work of halakha (Jewish law) by Rabbi Yisrael Meir Kagan (Poland, 1838–1933, also known
Mishnah_Berurah
Torah study cycle in which two Mishnahs are learned every day
Judaism, Mishnah Yomis or Mishnah Yomit (Hebrew: משנה יומית "The Daily Study of the Mishnah") refers to the Torah study cycle in which two Mishnahs (brief
Mishnah_Yomis
Orthodox form of Judaism since the 6th century AD
differing versions as Mishnah Rishonah ("First Mishnah") and Mishnah Acharonah ("Last Mishnah"). David Zvi Hoffmann suggests that Mishnah Rishonah actually
Rabbinic_Judaism
Component of the Talmud
comprises a collection of rabbinical analyses and commentaries on the Mishnah presented in 63 books. The term is derived from the Aramaic word גמרא and
Gemara
Rabbinic sages whose views are recorded in the Mishnah, from approximately 10-220 CE
from Aramaic) were the rabbinic sages whose views are recorded in the Mishnah, from approximately 10–220 CE. The period of the Tannaim, also referred
Tannaim
Central text of Rabbinic Judaism
Jewish theology. It consists of the part of the Oral Torah compiled in the Mishnah and its commentaries, the Gemara. It records the teachings, opinions and
Talmud
Temple in Jerusalem (c. 516 BCE–70 CE)
2012, p. 575. Mishnah, Pesahim, V, 5–7 Mishnah, Pesachim, 7:1–2 Doering 2012, p. 576. Doering 2012, p. 577. Mishnah, Menahot, 10:6 Mishnah, Bikkurim, 1:3
Second_Temple
31st weekly Torah portion in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading
1a–73b. Mishnah Peah 1:1; Tosefta Peah 1:1; Jerusalem Talmud Peah 1a. Mishnah Peah 1:2; Jerusalem Talmud Peah 10b. Mishnah Peah 3:6. Mishnah Peah 4:5
Emor
Tanna of the second generation of the Tannaic era
Rabbi Zadok (Hebrew: רבי צדוק) was a Tanna of the second generation of the Tannaic era, a contemporary of Joshua ben Hananiah and Eliezer ben Hurcanus
Rabbi_Zadok
Holiest day in Judaism
HaKippurim, 'day [of] the atonements'. This name is used in the Bible, Mishnah, and Shulchan Aruch. The word kippurim (atonements) is one of many Biblical
Yom_Kippur
Northwest Semitic language
(transl. "the language of Canaan"). Mishnah Gittin 9:8 refers to the language as Ivrit, meaning Hebrew; however, Mishnah Megillah refers to the language as
Hebrew_language
Assemblies of 23 or 71 Jewish elders
(zekenim) to share the burden of leadership with him. According to the Mishnah, these 70 elders plus Moses himself are the source for the 71 judges of
Sanhedrin
Units of measurement in Jewish religious texts
within the Hebrew Bible as well as in later rabbinic writings, such as the Mishnah and Talmud. These units of measurement continue to be used in functions
Biblical and Talmudic units of measurement
Biblical_and_Talmudic_units_of_measurement
Jewish rabbinical law
discussion and debate in the classical rabbinic literature, especially the Mishnah and the Talmud (the "Oral Torah"), and as codified in the Mishneh Torah
Halakha
First-century Jewish preacher and religious leader
ISBN 978-0-19-280290-3. Cohen, Shaye J. D. (1987). From the Maccabees to the Mishnah. Philadelphia: Westminster John Knox Press. pp. 224–225. ISBN 978-0-664-25017-1
Jesus
Rabbinic sage
of Gentile descent, although both were Alexandrians. According to the Mishnah, both Shemaiah and Abtalion studied Torah under Simeon ben Shetach. He
Shmaya_(tanna)
First five books of the Hebrew Bible
teachings throughout history, including the Oral Torah which comprises the Mishnah, the Talmud, the Midrash and more. The inaccurate rendering of "Torah"
Torah
Jewish social movement and school of thought
redacted the Mishnah, an authoritative codification of Pharisaic interpretations, around 200 AD. Most of the authorities quoted in the Mishnah lived after
Pharisees
Jewish celebration
invokes God's blessing for rain in its proper time. According to the Mishnah, the water for the libation ceremony was drawn from the Pool of Siloam
Simchat_Beit_HaShoeivah
Unit of currency in several Asian and African states
dirham to approximate the quantity of flour for dough-portion, writing in Mishnah Eduyot 1:2: "And I found the rate of the dough-portion in that measurement
Dirham
Tractate of the Talmud
or "heathen." Tractate Avodah Zarah consists of five chapters in the Mishnah. The numbering of the tractate's mishnayot (מִשְׁנָיוֹת) follows the standard
Avodah_Zarah
Practices not in the Written Torah
are the Mishnah, compiled between 200–220 CE by Judah ha-Nasi, and the Gemara, a series of running commentaries and debates concerning the Mishnah, which
Oral_Torah
Religious donations in Judaism
Mishnah (A Commentary on the Six Orders of the Mishnah), s.v. Tractate Ma'aser Rishon, appended at the end of the book: The Six Orders of the Mishnah:
Tithes_in_Judaism
Jewish harvest-related festival and holiday
Bible (Nehemiah 8:13–18, Zechariah 14:16–19 and Leviticus 23:34–44); the Mishnah (Sukkah 1:1–5:8); the Tosefta (Sukkah 1:1–4:28); and the Jerusalem Talmud
Sukkot
Cow sacrificed in biblical times
the ashes represents the soul's release from the experience of fear. The Mishnah, the central compilation of the Oral Torah in Rabbinic Judaism, the oral
Red_heifer
The Mishnah consists of six divisions known as Sedarim or Orders. The Babylonian Talmud (Talmud Bavli) has Gemara—rabbinical analysis of and commentary
List_of_Talmudic_tractates
Compilation of Jewish oral law from the late 2nd century
of Jewish Oral Law from the late second century CE, the period of the Mishnah and the Jewish sages known as the Tannaim. Jewish teachings of the Tannaitic
Tosefta
2nd-century rabbi and editor of the Mishnah
(a tanna of the fifth generation) and chief redactor and editor of the Mishnah. He lived from approximately 135 to 217 CE. He was a key leader of the
Judah_ha-Nasi
Cakes or loaves of bread which were always present in the Temple in Jerusalem
any kind during the Sabbath. The Mishnah argues that the loaves were kneaded separately, but baked in pairs; the Mishnah also states that the loaves were
Showbread
Book of the Mishnah and Talmud
Sukkah (Hebrew: סוכה, hut) is a tractate of the Mishnah and Talmud. Its laws are discussed as well in the Tosefta and both the Babylonian Talmud and Jerusalem
Sukkah_(Talmud)
Principal prayer of Judaism
have been simply because the language was well known to the Mishnah's authors. The Mishnah may also have not recorded specific text because of an aversion
Amidah
Jewish coming of age rituals
study the Scriptures, at ten years for the Mishnah, at 13 for the commandments..." Elsewhere, the Mishnah lists the ages (13 for boys and 12 for girls)
Bar_and_bat_mitzvah
Teachings "outside" of the six orders of the Mishnah
that is not incorporated in the Mishnah. Baraita thus refers to teachings "outside" of the six orders of the Mishnah. Originally, "Baraita" probably referred
Baraita
Tractate of the Talmud and the Mishnah
tractate is not the exposition of a certain passage in the Torah. The Mishnah is divided into ten chapters, as follows: Regulations relating to jointly
Bava_Batra
Category of dairy products in Judaism
observant Jew. The takkanah of chalav Yisrael, which originates in the Mishnah and Talmud, was instituted due to a concern that a non-Jew might mix milk
Chalav_Yisrael
Type of sacrifice in Judaism
which they take as tithes is". Mishnah Challah 1:3; Talmud Shabbat 68a. Mishnah Terumot 2:4, 6. Mishnah Terumot 2:5. Mishnah Terumot 2:4. Leviticus 22:2–3;
Terumah_(offering)
Talmud compiled in Southern Levant
Israel or Palestinian Talmud, is a collection of rabbinic commentary on the Mishnah, a codification of Jewish oral traditions ("Oral Torah") believed to have
Jerusalem_Talmud
Sacrificial offering in Judaism
Retrieved 27 August 2017. Leviticus 4:2 Mishnah, Kritot 1:1-2 Mishneh Torah, Laws of Repentance 1:3,6 Mishnah, Yoma 8:9 Diamant, Anita (2007). Choosing
Korban
Hebrew dialects found in the Talmud
completion of the Mishnah. These include the halakhic midrashim (Sifra, Sifre, Mekhilta of Rabbi Ishmael, etc.) and the expanded collection of Mishnah-related material
Mishnaic_Hebrew
Jewish literature attributed to rabbis
rabbinic glosses on Biblical and Talmudic texts. The Midr'she halakha, Mishnah, and Tosefta (compiled from materials pre-dating the year 200 CE) are the
Rabbinic_literature
Bitter herbs eaten during Passover
approved list in the Mishnah and Talmud indicates that it should not be used ritualistically. The second species listed in the Mishnah is ʿulshin, which
Maror
Conditions of the skin, clothing and houses in the Torah
Mishnah Nega'im 6:7 Mishnah Nega'im 2:3 Mishnah Nega'im 2:5 Mishnah Nega'im 3:1 Mishnah Nega'im 2:4 Mishnah Nega'im 3:2 Mishnah Nega'im 2:2 Mishnah Nega'im
Tzaraath
Jewish diaspora of Central Europe
Renewal Science Karaite Haymanot Texts Tanakh Torah Nevi'im Ketuvim Talmud Mishnah Gemara Rabbinic Midrash Tosefta Targum Beit Yosef Mishneh Torah Tur Shulchan
Ashkenazi_Jews
Tractate in Mishnah and Talmud
Day") is the fifth tractate of Seder Moed ('Order of Festivals') of the Mishnah and of the Talmud. It is concerned mainly with the laws of the Jewish holiday
Yoma
Teacher of Torah and spiritual leader in Judaism
course of study of Jewish history and texts, including the Tanakh, Midrash, Mishnah, Tosefta, Talmud, Halakha, and rabbinic commentaries thereon. The basic
Rabbi
Jewish law on financial transactions
to the Mishnah, the false witnesses must pay the amount accrued due to the difference in value of the thing between the two dates. The Mishnah forbids
Loans_and_interest_in_Judaism
Jewish religious male circumcision ceremony
akroposthion) and p'riah and subsequent circumcision, mentioned above, the Talmud (Mishnah Shabbat 19:2) mentions a third step, metzitzah, translated as suction,
Brit_milah
Plant species used ceremonially during the Jewish holiday of Sukkot
abundance of water, and at the end of Sukkot, prayers for rain will be said." Mishnah Berurah 651:12 in the name of the Pri Megadim. Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chaim
Four_species
Talmudic tractate about the Jewish Sabbath
the first tractate of Seder Moed ('Order [of] Appointed Times') of the Mishnah and of the Talmud. The tractate deals with the laws of observance of and
Shabbat_(Talmud)
Tractate of the Talmud
romanized: ḥullin, 'ordinary' or 'mundane') is the third tractate of the Mishnah in the Order of Kodashim and deals with the laws of ritual slaughter (שְׁחִיטָה
Hullin
Tractate of the Mishnah and the Talmud
Nashim, and it is divided into nine chapters. The tractate exists in the Mishnah, Tosefta, and both the Babylonian and Jerusalem Talmud. Sotah is also the
Sotah_(Talmud)
The Kaufmann manuscript is a complete Hebrew manuscript of the Mishnah. It is part of the collection of David Kaufmann located at the Library of the Hungarian
Kaufmann_Manuscript
Food prepared from figs
Shishah Sidrei Mishnah - A Commentary on the Six Orders of the Mishnah", in Sachs, Mordecai Yehudah Leib (ed.), The Six Orders of the Mishnah: with the Commentaries
Fig_cake_(fruit)
Closed frond of the date palm tree
shall rejoice before the LORD your God seven days." In the Oral Torah, the Mishnah comments that the biblical commandment to take the lulav, along with the
Lulav
48th weekly Torah portion in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading
Sanhedrin 2a–b. Mishnah Sanhedrin 1:1; Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 2a. Mishnah Sanhedrin 1:2; Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 2a. Mishnah Sanhedrin 1:3; Babylonian
Shofetim_(parashah)
Rock at centre of the Dome of the Rock shrine
north-to-south have a width of 6 cubits, precisely the width that the Mishnah credits to the wall of the Holy of Holies. According to Ritmeyer, a rectangular
Foundation_Stone
Fifth Order of the Mishnah and Talmud
'holy things') is the fifth of the six orders, or major divisions, of the Mishnah, Tosefta and the Talmud, and deals largely with the services within the
Kodashim
Ruin in Hebron, Mandatory Palestine
Kfar Aziz (Hebrew: כפר עזיז) was a Jewish village from the period of the Mishnah. It is identified with Hurbat al Aziz, in the southern part of Yatta in
Kfar_Aziz
Completion of a unit of Torah study
Judaism. The most common units are a single volume of the Talmud, or of Mishnah, but other units of learning may lead to a siyum. The typical structure
Siyum
Jewish study hall located in Jewish places of worship or study
where Jews engage in intensive Torah study, including of the Hebrew Bible, Mishnah, Gemara, Halakha, Midrash, and other Jewish classical texts. It is distinct
Beth_midrash
Rabbinical court of Judaism
in your gates" (Deuteronomy 16:18). There were three types of courts (Mishnah, tractate Sanhedrin 1:1-4 and 1:6): The Sanhedrin, the grand central court
Beth_din
Jewish law forbidding some types of mixing
Kinds") is the fourth tractate of Seder Zeraim ("Order of Seeds") of the Mishnah, dealing with several biblical prohibitions of mixed species, namely, planting
Kil'ayim_(tractate)
First-century CE treasure scroll from the Judean desert
differs from the other scrolls in its Hebrew (closer to the language of the Mishnah than to the literary Hebrew of the other scrolls, though 4QMMT shares some
Copper_Scroll
Code of Jewish religious law authored by Maimonides
brevity and clarity in his Mishneh Torah and, as in his Commentary on the Mishnah, he refrained from detailing his sources, considering it sufficient to
Mishneh_Torah
Leafy branch of the willow tree
sometimes placed in water in order to grow new aravot trees. According to the Mishnah, In the days of the Temple in Jerusalem, willow branches were collected
Aravah_(Sukkot)
Israeli historian
authorship of the socio-historical commentary to the Mishnah called Mishnat Eretz Yisrael (literally "the Mishnah of the land of Israel"), which he began together
Ze'ev_Safrai
Concept in Judaism
in general. The earliest use of the term tikkun ha'olam appears in the Mishnah in the phrase "for the sake of repairing the world" (Hebrew: מִפְּנֵי תִקּוּן
Tikkun_olam
Religion of the Jewish people
שֶׁבְּעַל־פֶּה, Tōrā šebbəʿal-pe, 'Torah by the mouth'), comprising the Mishnah, Talmud, Tosefta, and Jewish legal Midrashim (מִדְרָשִׁים, 'Studies' or
Judaism
Jewish sect or group active in Judea from 2nd century BCE to 1st century CE
describe the similarities and differences between the two sects in Mishnah Yadaim. The Mishnah records a debate between the Pharisees and the Sadducees regarding
Sadducees
Tractate of the Talmud
property that has been found, or property explicitly entrusted to him. The Mishnah of Bava Metzia contains ten chapters. An honorary trustee is one who finds
Bava_Metzia
Texts regarded as part of the Bible
Ḥumash Siddur Piyutim Zohar Rabbinic Mishnah Talmud Midrash Tosefta Law Mishneh Torah Tur Shulchan Aruch Mishnah Berurah Aruch HaShulchan Kashrut Tzniut
Biblical_canon
Schools of thought in ancient Judaism
shaping the Oral Torah and, later, Rabbinic Judaism as it is today. The Mishnah mentions the disagreement of Hillel and Shammai as one that had lasting
Houses_of_Hillel_and_Shammai
Jewish sage (c. 110 BCE – 10 CE)
religious leader, sage and scholar associated with the development of the Mishnah and the Talmud and the founder of the House of Hillel school of tannaim
Hillel_the_Elder
Trial by ordeal in the Hebrew Bible
The Mishnah reports that, in the time of the Second Temple, she was taken to the East Gate of the Temple, in front of the Nikanor gate. The Mishnah also
Ordeal_of_the_bitter_water
Jewish laws concerning the prohibition of diverse kinds
derived from the Torah in Leviticus 19:19 and Deuteronomy 22:9–11, and the Mishnah in tractate Kilʾayim, which has a Gemara in the Jerusalem Talmud, further
Kil'ayim_(prohibition)
Tractate of the Talmud about gifts to the poor
Mishnah and of the Talmud. This tractate begins the discussion of topics related to agriculture, the main focus of this seder (order) of the Mishnah.
Pe'ah
Medieval Jewish philosopher (1135/1138–1204)
in 1165. During this time, he composed his acclaimed commentary on the Mishnah during 1166–1168. Following this sojourn in Morocco, he lived in Acre with
Maimonides
Jewish ritual bath
author to use "מִקְוֶה" as a word for "pool",[citation needed] and the Mishnah is the earliest source to use it in the sense of "ritual bath". There are
Mikveh
of Danzig. He was the author of the commentary "Tiferes Yisrael" on the Mishnah. Lipshitz's father's name was Gedalia. Lipshitz led the life of an ascetic
Israel_Lipschitz
Non-legalistic exegetical texts in the classical rabbinic literature
that it would be dangerous to record the deeper teachings in an explicit, mishnah-like, medium. Rather, they would be conveyed in a "concealed mode" and
Aggadah
Hebrew treatise of the Mishnah and the Tosefta and in both Talmuds
Nazir (Hebrew: נזיר) is a treatise of the Mishnah and the Tosefta and in both Talmuds, devoted chiefly to a discussion of the laws of the Nazirite laid
Nazir_(Talmud)
Judaism's weekly day of rest
construction of the Tabernacle. They are not explicitly listed in the Torah; the Mishnah observes that "the laws of Shabbat ... are like mountains hanging by a
Shabbat
Jewish educational institution for Torah study
Pumbedita, which were known as shte ha-yeshivot (the two colleges). The Mishnah tractate Megillah contains the law that a town can only be called a city
Yeshiva
State of ritual uncleanness due to contact with a corpse
purification period after making physical contact with a human corpse. The Mishnah describes several grades of uncleanness. The human corpse itself is the
Corpse_uncleanness
Tractate of the Mishnah and the Talmud
Gittin (Hebrew: גיטין) is a tractate of the Mishnah and the Talmud, and is part of the order of Nashim. The content of the tractate primarily deals with
Gittin
Tractate of the Mishnah and the Talmud
Yadayim (Hebrew: ידיים, "hands") is a tractate of the Mishnah and the Tosefta, dealing with the impurity of the hands and their ablution. It is eleventh
Yadayim
Jewish ritual object
for large jars for washing. The kalal is mentioned specifically in the Mishnah (Parah 3:3, Eduyot 7:5), Hebrew Rabbinic writings describe vessels hidden
Kallal
and to observe faithfully every word of this Teaching. According to the Mishnah, the ceremony was conducted on the first day of Chol HaMoed of Sukkot,
Hakhel
11th century commentator on the Mishnah
Israel (died ca. 1045 – 1051), was an 11th-century rabbi and exegete of the Mishnah who lived in Ramla, in the Jund Filastin district of the Fatimid Caliphate
Nathan_ben_Abraham_I
Tractate of the Talmud
בְּכוֹרוֹת, romanized: bəḵōrōṯ, lit. 'firstborns') is a tractate of the Mishnah, the Tosefta, and both the Talmud Bavli and Talmud Yerushalmi. It primarily
Bekhorot
Tannaitic sage of the 2nd century
Mekhilta of Rabbi Ishmael, of which much of the text is the same). In the Mishnah, where he is the fourth-most mentioned sage, he is referred to as simply
Shimon_bar_Yochai
Pronunciation system for Hebrew traditionally used by Yemenite Jews
[= ‘he that extinguishes’] (Mishnah Shabbat 7:2)." Meaning, one sign distinguishes it from the šĕwā quiescens. See: Mishnah – Seder Mo'ed – with a commentary
Yemenite_Hebrew
Jewish mourning practices
Chazal—the rabbis and scholars whose discussions are recorded in the Mishnah, Talmud, and Tosefta—explicate mourning Halakha in, for example, Mo'ed
Bereavement_in_Judaism
Tractate of the Talmud
Tractate Temurah (Hebrew: תמורה, literally: "exchange") is a tractate of the Mishnah, Tosefta, and Babylonian Talmud, which is part of the Order of Kodashim
Temurah_(Talmud)
Talmudic term referring to unspecified heretical works
Gilyonim, or avon gilyon, are terms used by the Mishnah and Talmud to refer to certain heretical works. The Jewish Christians of Palestine had a Gospel
Gilyonim
Judeo-Christian scripture
commentary on the Mishnah Tosefta – A set of teachings that in many ways are similar to the Mishnah. It may be an early commentary on the Mishnah, or it may
Names for Jewish and Christian holy books
Names_for_Jewish_and_Christian_holy_books
Book about Jewish law written by Yechiel Michel Epstein
refers in a number of places to the Mishnah Berurah. Due to the latter's popularity in the Haredi world, the Mishnah Berurah is often considered authoritative
Aruch_HaShulchan
Tractate of the Talmud about blessings and prayers, particularly the Shema and the Amidah
'blessings') is the first tractate of Seder Zeraim (Order of Seeds) of the Mishnah and the Talmud. The tractate discusses the laws of Jewish prayer—particularly
Berakhot_(tractate)
Tractate of the Talmud
Pesahim, is the third tractate of Seder Moed ("Order of Festivals") of the Mishnah and of the Talmud. The tractate discusses the topics related to the Jewish
Pesachim
travel, tourism, insurance
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