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MITOCHONDRIAL OPTIC-NEUROPATHIES

  • Mitochondrial optic neuropathies
  • Group of visual disorders

    Mitochondrial optic neuropathies are a heterogenous group of disorders that present with visual disturbances resultant from mitochondrial dysfunction

    Mitochondrial optic neuropathies

    Mitochondrial_optic_neuropathies

  • Optic neuropathy
  • Medical condition

    inherited optic neuropathies typically manifest asa symmetric bilateral central visual loss. Optic nerve damage in most inherited optic neuropathies is permanent

    Optic neuropathy

    Optic neuropathy

    Optic_neuropathy

  • Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy
  • Mitochondrially inherited degeneration of retinal nerve cells

    Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a mitochondrially inherited (transmitted from mother to offspring) degeneration of retinal ganglion cells

    Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy

    Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy

    Leber's_hereditary_optic_neuropathy

  • Toxic and nutritional optic neuropathy
  • Medical condition

    impact mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Thus, the toxic and nutritional optic neuropathies are actually acquired mitochondrial optic neuropathies. The

    Toxic and nutritional optic neuropathy

    Toxic_and_nutritional_optic_neuropathy

  • Kjer's optic neuropathy
  • Medical condition

    Carelli; Ross-Cisneros, FN; Sadun, AA (2004). "Mitochondrial dysfunction as a cause of optic neuropathies". Progress in Retinal and Eye Research. 23 (1):

    Kjer's optic neuropathy

    Kjer's_optic_neuropathy

  • MELAS syndrome
  • Mitochondrial disease

    inherited diabetes and deafness), MERRF syndrome, and Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. It was first characterized under this name in 1984. A feature of these

    MELAS syndrome

    MELAS syndrome

    MELAS_syndrome

  • Non-image-forming vision
  • is ongoing. Inherited mitochondrial optic neuropathies, including Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and dominant optic atrophy (DOA), result

    Non-image-forming vision

    Non-image-forming_vision

  • Mitochondria
  • Organelle in eukaryotic cells responsible for respiration

    include Kearns–Sayre syndrome, MELAS syndrome and Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. In the vast majority of cases, these diseases are transmitted by a

    Mitochondria

    Mitochondria

    Mitochondria

  • Mitochondrial disease
  • Disorders caused by mitochondrial dysfunction

    combination can be due to mitochondrial disease, as may occur in Kearns–Sayre syndrome and Pearson syndrome Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) LHON is an

    Mitochondrial disease

    Mitochondrial disease

    Mitochondrial_disease

  • Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I
  • Enzyme of the respiratory chain encoded by the mitochondrial genome

    Lott MT, Wallace DC (August 1992). "A mitochondrial DNA variant, identified in Leber hereditary optic neuropathy patients, which extends the amino acid

    Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I

    Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I

    Cytochrome_c_oxidase_subunit_I

  • MERRF syndrome
  • Mitochondrial disorder

    features include dementia, optic atrophy, bilateral deafness, peripheral neuropathy, spasticity, or multiple lipomata. Mitochondrial disorders, including MERRFS

    MERRF syndrome

    MERRF_syndrome

  • Cytochrome c oxidase subunit III
  • Enzyme of the respiratory chain encoded by the mitochondrial genome

    isolated myopathy, severe encephalomyopathy, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, mitochondrial complex IV deficiency, and recurrent myoglobinuria . The MT-CO3

    Cytochrome c oxidase subunit III

    Cytochrome c oxidase subunit III

    Cytochrome_c_oxidase_subunit_III

  • Haplogroup J (mtDNA)
  • Human mitochondrial DNA

    specific to haplogroup J have been associated with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Around 45,000 years before present, a mutation took place in the DNA

    Haplogroup J (mtDNA)

    Haplogroup_J_(mtDNA)

  • Formic acid
  • Simplest carboxylic acid (HCOOH)

    jelechem.2024.118913. ISSN 1572-6657. Sadun, A. A (2002). "Mitochondrial optic neuropathies". Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. 72 (4):

    Formic acid

    Formic acid

    Formic_acid

  • MEPAN syndrome
  • Rare metabolic disorder

    early childhood with dystonia, optic atrophy, and basal ganglia signal abnormalities, although an LHON-like optic neuropathy presentation has also been reported

    MEPAN syndrome

    MEPAN syndrome

    MEPAN_syndrome

  • MT-ND1
  • Mitochondrial gene coding for a protein involved in the respiratory chain

    with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS), Leigh's syndrome (LS), Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON)

    MT-ND1

    MT-ND1

    MT-ND1

  • MT-ND5
  • Mitochondrial gene coding for a protein involved in the respiratory chain

    symptoms of Leigh's syndrome and Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). MT-ND5 is located in mitochondrial DNA from base pair 12,337 to 14,148. The MT-ND5

    MT-ND5

    MT-ND5

    MT-ND5

  • Alfredo Sadun
  • American ophthalmologist (born 1950)

    an epidemic of optic neuropathy in Cuba. This work led to further investigations into the role of mitochondria in optic neuropathies due to injury from

    Alfredo Sadun

    Alfredo Sadun

    Alfredo_Sadun

  • MT-ND2
  • Mitochondrial gene coding for a protein involved in the respiratory chain

    with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS), Leigh's syndrome (LS), Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON)

    MT-ND2

    MT-ND2

    MT-ND2

  • Genetic disorder
  • Health problem from genome abnormalities

    of disorder is Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. It is important to stress that the vast majority of mitochondrial diseases (particularly when symptoms

    Genetic disorder

    Genetic disorder

    Genetic_disorder

  • MT-ND6
  • Mitochondrial gene coding for a protein involved in the respiratory chain

    Leigh's syndrome, Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and dystonia. The MT-ND6 gene is located in human mitochondrial DNA from base pair 14,149 to 14

    MT-ND6

    MT-ND6

    MT-ND6

  • MT-ND4L
  • Mitochondrial gene coding for a protein involved in the respiratory chain

    BMI in adults and Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON). The MT-ND4L gene is located in human mitochondrial DNA from base pair 10,469 to 10,765.

    MT-ND4L

    MT-ND4L

    MT-ND4L

  • Wolfram syndrome
  • Human disease

    mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness), is a rare autosomal-recessive genetic disorder that causes childhood-onset diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and

    Wolfram syndrome

    Wolfram syndrome

    Wolfram_syndrome

  • Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy
  • Diverse group of genetic neuromuscular disorders disrupting mitochondrial function

    difficulty keeping up with physical activity, dementia, ptosis, optic atrophy, peripheral neuropathy, sensorineural hearing loss, and stunted height. Additionally

    Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy

    Mitochondrial_encephalomyopathy

  • Dynamin-like 120 kDa protein
  • Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

    prevent mitochondrial fusion. Mutations in this gene have been associated with optic atrophy type 1, which is a dominantly inherited optic neuropathy resulting

    Dynamin-like 120 kDa protein

    Dynamin-like 120 kDa protein

    Dynamin-like_120_kDa_protein

  • MT-ND3
  • Mitochondrial protein-coding gene whose product is involved in the respiratory chain

    with Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS), Leigh's syndrome (LS) and Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON)

    MT-ND3

    MT-ND3

    MT-ND3

  • Idebenone
  • Chemical compound

    there is only one approved treatment. Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a mitochondrially inherited (mother to all offspring) degeneration of retinal

    Idebenone

    Idebenone

    Idebenone

  • MT-ND4
  • Mitochondrial gene coding for a protein involved in the respiratory chain

    hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) and cystic fibrosis. The MT-ND4 gene is located in human mitochondrial DNA from

    MT-ND4

    MT-ND4

    MT-ND4

  • Copper deficiency
  • Insufficient level of copper in the body, leading to anaemia and nervous symptoms

    of neurological problems including myelopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and optic neuropathy. Copper deficiency myelopathy in humans was discovered and

    Copper deficiency

    Copper deficiency

    Copper_deficiency

  • Mother's curse
  • clinical features of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy defined by the presence of a pathogenic mitochondrial DNA mutation." Brain 118.2 (1995): 319-337

    Mother's curse

    Mother's curse

    Mother's_curse

  • MECR
  • Protein-coding gene in humans

    syndrome, a rare autosomal recessive mitochondrial metabolic disorder characterized by childhood-onset dystonia, optic atrophy, and basal ganglia signal

    MECR

    MECR

    MECR

  • SLC25A46
  • Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

    motor and sensory neuropathy. Symptoms include early-onset optic atrophy, progressive visual loss, and peripheral sensorimotor neuropathy manifesting as

    SLC25A46

    SLC25A46

    SLC25A46

  • Mitochonic acid 5
  • Pharmaceutical compound

    from patients with various mitochondrial diseases (including Leigh syndrome, MELAS syndrome, Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy, and Kearns–Sayre syndrome)

    Mitochonic acid 5

    Mitochonic acid 5

    Mitochonic_acid_5

  • Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome
  • Medical condition

    Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome (MDS or MDDS), or Alpers' disease, is any of a group of autosomal recessive disorders that cause a significant drop

    Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome

    Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome

    Mitochondrial_DNA_depletion_syndrome

  • Mitochondrial myopathy
  • Muscle disorders caused by mitochondrial dysfunction

    Mitochondrial myopathies are types of myopathies associated with mitochondrial disease. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the chemical used to provide energy

    Mitochondrial myopathy

    Mitochondrial myopathy

    Mitochondrial_myopathy

  • Haplogroup M (mtDNA)
  • Widespread human mitochondrial DNA grouping indicating common ancestry

    S.; Derbeneva, Olga; et al. (2012). "Mitochondrial DNA variant associated with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy and high-altitude Tibetans". PNAS. 109

    Haplogroup M (mtDNA)

    Haplogroup M (mtDNA)

    Haplogroup_M_(mtDNA)

  • Ganglion cell
  • Class of peripheral neurons

    neuropathy and Autosomal Dominant Optic Atrophy. The Leber's Neuropathy is caused by a mutation in the Mitochondrial DNA (the DNA located inside the chromosome)

    Ganglion cell

    Ganglion cell

    Ganglion_cell

  • MFN2
  • Protein-coding gene in humans

    mutations is mitochondrial transport and indeed current models propose this defect as the major cause of CMT2A. Mutations in OPA1 also cause optic atrophy

    MFN2

    MFN2

    MFN2

  • ACAD9
  • Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

    dehydrogenase family member 9, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ACAD9 gene. Mitochondrial Complex I Deficiency with varying

    ACAD9

    ACAD9

    ACAD9

  • Rita Horvath
  • Hungarian neurologist and researcher

    Valentino ML. Clinical expression of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy is affected by the mitochondrial DNA–haplogroup background.The American Journal of

    Rita Horvath

    Rita_Horvath

  • Homoplasmy
  • Identity of organellar DNA sequences in a cell

    J.; Nikoskelainen, Eeva K. (1988). "Mitochondrial DNA Mutation Associated with Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy". Science. 242 (4884): 1427–1430. Bibcode:1988Sci

    Homoplasmy

    Homoplasmy

    Homoplasmy

  • Haplogroup A (mtDNA)
  • Human mitochondrial DNA grouping indicating common ancestry

    LG, Qian G, Wallace DC (May 2012). "Mitochondrial DNA variant associated with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy and high-altitude Tibetans". Proc Natl

    Haplogroup A (mtDNA)

    Haplogroup A (mtDNA)

    Haplogroup_A_(mtDNA)

  • NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), alpha 1
  • Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

    cardiomyopathy, myopathy, liver disease, Leigh syndrome, Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy, and some forms of Parkinson's disease. Mutations on the X chromosome

    NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), alpha 1

    NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), alpha 1

    NADH_dehydrogenase_(ubiquinone),_alpha_1

  • List of neurological conditions and disorders
  • Hemicrania Continua Hemifacial spasm Hemispatial neglect Hereditary motor neuropathies Hereditary spastic paraplegia Heredopathia atactica polyneuritiformis

    List of neurological conditions and disorders

    List_of_neurological_conditions_and_disorders

  • Respiratory complex I
  • Protein complex involved in cellular respiration

    known as NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, Type I NADH dehydrogenase and mitochondrial complex I) is the first large protein complex of the respiratory chains

    Respiratory complex I

    Respiratory complex I

    Respiratory_complex_I

  • Methanol toxicity
  • Medical condition (poisoning)

    coherence tomography angiography in patients with methanol-induced optic neuropathy. BMC ophthalmology, 23(1), 178. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-023-02937-x

    Methanol toxicity

    Methanol toxicity

    Methanol_toxicity

  • Kearns–Sayre syndrome
  • Genetic mitochondrial disease

    oculocranionsomatic neuromuscular disorder with ragged red fibers is a mitochondrial myopathy with a typical onset before 20 years of age. KSS is a more

    Kearns–Sayre syndrome

    Kearns–Sayre_syndrome

  • NDUFS1
  • Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

    NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial (NDUFS1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NDUFS1 gene. The encoded protein,

    NDUFS1

    NDUFS1

    NDUFS1

  • Unibrow
  • Presence of abundant hair between the eyebrows

    impairment, elliptocytosis, and nephrocalcinosis Mitochondrial complex 4 deficiency, nuclear type 20 Mitochondrial complex III deficiency nuclear type 7 Mucopolysaccharidosis

    Unibrow

    Unibrow

    Unibrow

  • Macular degeneration
  • Vision loss due to damage to the macula of the eye

    mutations in fibulin-5 and the incidence of the disease.[citation needed] Mitochondrial-related gene polymorphisms such as that in the MT-ND2 molecule, predicts

    Macular degeneration

    Macular degeneration

    Macular_degeneration

  • Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase deficiency
  • Rare metabolic genetic disorder resulting in leukoencephalopathy

    characterized by prominent cerebellar ataxia, mild spasticity, optic atrophy, and a sensorimotor neuropathy, without organomegaly or dysfunction of internal organs

    Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase deficiency

    Ribose-5-phosphate_isomerase_deficiency

  • NDUFS4
  • Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

    NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial (NDUFS4) also known as NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 18 kDa subunit is an enzyme

    NDUFS4

    NDUFS4

    NDUFS4

  • Haplogroup Y
  • Human mitochondrial DNA grouping indicating common ancestry

    Lvova, Maria; et al. (8 May 2012). "Mitochondrial DNA variant associated with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy and high-altitude Tibetans". Proceedings

    Haplogroup Y

    Haplogroup Y

    Haplogroup_Y

  • Hereditary spastic paraplegia
  • Group of genetic disorders affecting motor neurons controlling the lower limbs

    These include: peripheral neuropathy, amyotrophy, ataxia, intellectual disability, ichthyosis, epilepsy, optic neuropathy, dementia, deafness, or problems

    Hereditary spastic paraplegia

    Hereditary_spastic_paraplegia

  • MT-ATP8
  • Mitochondrial protein-coding gene whose product is involved in ATP synthesis

    cardiovascular disorders, including mitochondrial complex V deficiency, Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with stroke-like

    MT-ATP8

    MT-ATP8

    MT-ATP8

  • MT-ATP6
  • Mitochondrial protein-coding gene whose product is involved in ATP synthesis

    cardiovascular disorders, including mitochondrial complex V deficiency, Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with stroke-like

    MT-ATP6

    MT-ATP6

    MT-ATP6

  • FOXRED1
  • Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

    cardiomyopathy, and optic atrophy. Clinically, these variants have been associated with Leigh syndrome and infantile-onset mitochondrial encephalopathy. Survival

    FOXRED1

    FOXRED1

    FOXRED1

  • Haplogroup D (mtDNA)
  • Human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup

    et al. (Jul 2011). "Mitochondrial Haplogroup Background May Influence Southeast Asian G11778A Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy". Invest Ophthalmol Vis

    Haplogroup D (mtDNA)

    Haplogroup D (mtDNA)

    Haplogroup_D_(mtDNA)

  • ATP5F1E
  • Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

    ATP synthase F1 subunit epsilon, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP5F1E gene. The protein encoded by ATP5F1E is a subunit

    ATP5F1E

    ATP5F1E

    ATP5F1E

  • Haplogroup Z
  • Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup

    S.; Derbeneva, Olga; et al. (2012). "Mitochondrial DNA variant associated with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy and high-altitude Tibetans". PNAS. 109

    Haplogroup Z

    Haplogroup_Z

  • Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2
  • Enzyme of the respiratory chain encoded by a mitochondrial gene

    second subunit of cytochrome c oxidase. It is also one of the three mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encoded subunits (MT-CO1, MT-CO2, MT-CO3) of respiratory

    Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2

    Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2

    Cytochrome_c_oxidase_subunit_2

  • Haplogroup C (mtDNA)
  • Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup

    Guisheng; Wallace, Douglas C. (2012). "Mitochondrial DNA variant associated with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy and high-altitude Tibetans". Proceedings

    Haplogroup C (mtDNA)

    Haplogroup C (mtDNA)

    Haplogroup_C_(mtDNA)

  • NDUFS2
  • Protein found in humans

    NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial (NDUFS2) also known as NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 49 kDa subunit is an enzyme

    NDUFS2

    NDUFS2

    NDUFS2

  • P7C3-A20
  • Chemical compound

    Protects against ischemic stroke, optic nerve injury, intracerebral hemorrhage, and chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Chaubey, Kalyani; et al. (2025)

    P7C3-A20

    P7C3-A20

    P7C3-A20

  • Haplogroup G (mtDNA)
  • Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup

    Lvova, Maria; et al. (8 May 2012). "Mitochondrial DNA variant associated with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy and high-altitude Tibetans". Proceedings

    Haplogroup G (mtDNA)

    Haplogroup_G_(mtDNA)

  • NDUFAF3
  • Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

    cardiomyopathy, myopathy, liver disease, Leigh syndrome, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, and some forms of Parkinson disease. Mutations have included the homozygous

    NDUFAF3

    NDUFAF3

    NDUFAF3

  • NDUFB11
  • Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

    NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial (NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase ESSS subunit) is an enzyme that in humans

    NDUFB11

    NDUFB11

    NDUFB11

  • Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia
  • Medical condition

    feature of mitochondrial disease, in which case the term CPEO may be given as the diagnosis. In other people suffering from mitochondrial disease, CPEO

    Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia

    Chronic_progressive_external_ophthalmoplegia

  • NDUFAF1
  • Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

    cardiomyopathy, myopathy, liver disease, Leigh syndrome, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, and some forms of Parkinson disease. In a patient with missense mutations

    NDUFAF1

    NDUFAF1

    NDUFAF1

  • Taosheng Huang
  • American geneticist and physician scientist

    and its relationship with breast cancer, the genetics of optic atrophy and other mitochondrial diseases. His laboratory developed a Drosophila model to

    Taosheng Huang

    Taosheng_Huang

  • Behr syndrome
  • Medical condition

    association of early-onset optic atrophy with spinocerebellar degeneration resulting in ataxia, pyramidal signs, peripheral neuropathy and developmental delay

    Behr syndrome

    Behr syndrome

    Behr_syndrome

  • Retinitis pigmentosa
  • Gradual retinal degeneration leading to progressive sight loss

    appearance of the optic disk, and (3) the attenuation of blood vessels in size and arterial/venous ratio as they enter and exit the optic disk of the retina

    Retinitis pigmentosa

    Retinitis pigmentosa

    Retinitis_pigmentosa

  • NDUFAF5
  • Protein-coding gene in humans

    encephalopathy, cardiomyopathy, myopathy, liver disease, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, and some forms of Parkinson disease. Mutations in NDUFAF5 has also

    NDUFAF5

    NDUFAF5

    NDUFAF5

  • Luca Scorrano
  • Italian biologist

    and mitochondrial pathophysiology, as well as mitochondrial dynamics and interorganellar contact sites. His lab identified the role of Opa1, optic atrophy

    Luca Scorrano

    Luca_Scorrano

  • PARL
  • Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

    interactions with the mitochondrial GTPase optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) and the Bcl-2 family-related protein HAX1. OPA1 mainly regulates mitochondrial fusion in the

    PARL

    PARL

    PARL

  • NUBPL
  • Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

    cardiomyopathy, myopathy, liver disease, Leigh syndrome, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, and some forms of Parkinson disease. High-throughput DNA sequencing

    NUBPL

    NUBPL

    NUBPL

  • Allotopic expression
  • Type of gene expression

    the MT-ND4 gene in the nucleus as therapies for Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. In 2020, Gensight released Phase III clinical trial results, which

    Allotopic expression

    Allotopic_expression

  • NDUFV1
  • Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

    oxidoreductase) of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Defects in complex I are a common cause of mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial complex I deficiency

    NDUFV1

    NDUFV1

    NDUFV1

  • Haplogroup F (mtDNA)
  • Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup

    Yutthana Joyjinda et al., "Mitochondrial Haplogroup Background May Influence Southeast Asian G11778A Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy", Investigative Ophthalmology

    Haplogroup F (mtDNA)

    Haplogroup F (mtDNA)

    Haplogroup_F_(mtDNA)

  • Leukoencephalopathy with brainstem and spinal cord involvement and lactate elevation
  • Medical condition

    corpus callosum, diminished muscle tone, intellectual disability, nystagmus, optic nerve atrophy, slow eye movements, drooping upper eyelid, seizures. There

    Leukoencephalopathy with brainstem and spinal cord involvement and lactate elevation

    Leukoencephalopathy with brainstem and spinal cord involvement and lactate elevation

    Leukoencephalopathy_with_brainstem_and_spinal_cord_involvement_and_lactate_elevation

  • Sonlicromanol
  • Chemical compound

    episodes) spectrum disorders, and LHON (Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy). Signs of these mitochondrial diseases include fatigue, loss of muscle strength and

    Sonlicromanol

    Sonlicromanol

    Sonlicromanol

  • NDUFS7
  • Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

    NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial, also knowns as NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 20 kDa subunit, Complex I-20kD (CI-20kD)

    NDUFS7

    NDUFS7

    NDUFS7

  • NDUFS6
  • Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

    cardiomyopathy, myopathy, liver disease, Leigh syndrome, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, and some forms of Parkinson disease. In NDUFS6 mutations the presentation

    NDUFS6

    NDUFS6

    NDUFS6

  • SDHA
  • Protein-coding gene in humans

    complex of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The complex is composed of four nuclear-encoded subunits and is localized in the mitochondrial inner membrane

    SDHA

    SDHA

    SDHA

  • NDUFV2
  • Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

    NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial (NDUFV2) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NDUFV2 gene. The encoded protein

    NDUFV2

    NDUFV2

    NDUFV2

  • NDUFS3
  • Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

    NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NDUFS3 gene on chromosome 11. This

    NDUFS3

    NDUFS3

    NDUFS3

  • List of MeSH codes (C10)
  • 050 – amyloid neuropathies MeSH C10.668.829.050.050 – amyloid neuropathies, familial MeSH C10.668.829.100 – brachial plexus neuropathies MeSH C10.668.829

    List of MeSH codes (C10)

    List_of_MeSH_codes_(C10)

  • Haplogroup B (mtDNA)
  • Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup

    S.; Derbeneva, Olga; et al. (2012). "Mitochondrial DNA variant associated with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy and high-altitude Tibetans". PNAS. 109

    Haplogroup B (mtDNA)

    Haplogroup B (mtDNA)

    Haplogroup_B_(mtDNA)

  • MT-CYB
  • Mitochondrial protein-coding gene

    epilepsy. Other phenotypes include mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, mitochondrial myopathy, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, muscle weakness, myoglobinuria

    MT-CYB

    MT-CYB

    MT-CYB

  • NDUFAF2
  • Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

    cardiomyopathy, myopathy, liver disease, Leigh syndrome, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, and some forms of Parkinson disease. Clinically, NDUFAF2 mutations

    NDUFAF2

    NDUFAF2

    NDUFAF2

  • NDUFAF4
  • Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

    cardiomyopathy, myopathy, liver disease, Leigh syndrome, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, and some forms of Parkinson disease. Pathogenic mutations have been

    NDUFAF4

    NDUFAF4

    NDUFAF4

  • List of OMIM disorder codes
  • dysfunction; 602522; BSND Sensory ataxic neuropathy, dysarthria, and ophthalmoparesis; 607459; POLG Septo-optic dysplasia; 182230; HESX1 SERKAL syndrome;

    List of OMIM disorder codes

    List_of_OMIM_disorder_codes

  • UQCRB
  • Protein

    epilepsy. Other phenotypes include mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, mitochondrial myopathy, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, muscle weakness, myoglobinuria

    UQCRB

    UQCRB

    UQCRB

  • Protofection
  • Form of protein-mediated transfection

    inherited mitochondrial diseases, such as Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Studies have shown that protofection can lead to improved mitochondrial function

    Protofection

    Protofection

  • NDUFA11
  • Protein and coding gene in humans

    cardiomyopathy, myopathy, liver disease, Leigh's syndrome, Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy, and some forms of Parkinson's disease. There is no clear genotype-phenotype

    NDUFA11

    NDUFA11

    NDUFA11

  • Linezolid
  • Antibiotic medication

    O'hearn TM, Lai MM, Sadun AA (January 2007). "Linezolid-induced optic neuropathy: a mitochondrial disorder?". The British Journal of Ophthalmology. 91 (1):

    Linezolid

    Linezolid

    Linezolid

  • List of syndromes
  • Syndromes

    syndrome Mirror syndrome Mismatch repair cancer syndrome Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy syndrome Mitral

    List of syndromes

    List_of_syndromes

  • Nutritional neuroscience
  • Scientific discipline

    of neurological problems including, myelopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and optic neuropathy. Affected individuals typically present difficulty walking

    Nutritional neuroscience

    Nutritional neuroscience

    Nutritional_neuroscience

  • Chromosome 3
  • Human chromosome

    Hereditary sensory neuropathy, type ib HTD2: encoding protein Hydroxyacyl-thioester dehydratase type 2 LARS2: leucyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial LIMD1: LIM

    Chromosome 3

    Chromosome 3

    Chromosome_3

  • Haplogroup I (mtDNA)
  • Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup

    et al. (2012). "Rare Primary Mitochondrial DNA Mutations and Probable Synergistic Variants in Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy". PLOS ONE. 7 (8) e42242

    Haplogroup I (mtDNA)

    Haplogroup_I_(mtDNA)

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