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Medical condition
Optic neuropathy is damage to the optic nerve from any cause. The optic nerve is a bundle of millions of fibers in the retina that sends visual signals
Optic_neuropathy
Medical condition from optic nerve damage
Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is a medical condition characterized by loss of vision caused by damage to the optic nerve as a result of
Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy
Non-arteritic_anterior_ischemic_optic_neuropathy
Mitochondrially inherited degeneration of retinal nerve cells
Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a mitochondrially inherited (transmitted from mother to offspring) degeneration of retinal ganglion cells
Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy
Leber's_hereditary_optic_neuropathy
Damage to the optic nerve's front part due to lack of blood flow
Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) is a medical condition involving loss of vision caused by damage to the anterior portion of the optic nerve as a result
Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy
Anterior_ischemic_optic_neuropathy
Dysfunction of the optic nerve due to lack of blood flow
Ischemic forms of optic neuropathy are typically classified as either anterior ischemic optic neuropathy or posterior ischemic optic neuropathy according to
Ischemic_optic_neuropathy
Medical condition
autosomally inherited optic neuropathy (i.e., disease of the optic nerves), it is often misdiagnosed. Autosomal dominant optic atrophy can present clinically
Kjer's_optic_neuropathy
Inflammation of the optic nerve
optic neuritis, retrobulbar optic neuritis (normal optic disc), neuroretinitis (optic disc edema with the macular star), or anterior optic neuropathy
Optic_neuritis
Medical condition
Toxic and nutritional optic neuropathy is a group of medical disorders defined by visual impairment due to optic nerve damage secondary to a toxic substance
Toxic and nutritional optic neuropathy
Toxic_and_nutritional_optic_neuropathy
Inflammatory disorder
However, cases of acute optic neuropathy (specifically anterior ischemic optic neuropathy) have also been reported to occur. Optic nerve atrophy has been identified
Behçet's_disease
Group of visual disorders
Mitochondrial optic neuropathies are a heterogenous group of disorders that present with visual disturbances resultant from mitochondrial dysfunction within
Mitochondrial optic neuropathies
Mitochondrial_optic_neuropathies
Damage to the optic nerve's back part due to lack of blood flow
Posterior ischemic optic neuropathy (PION) is a medical condition characterized by damage to the retrobulbar portion of the optic nerve due to inadequate
Posterior ischemic optic neuropathy
Posterior_ischemic_optic_neuropathy
Episodic inflammation of the optic nerve
Chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy (CRION) is a form of recurrent optic neuritis that is steroid responsive and dependent. Patients typically
Chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy
Chronic_relapsing_inflammatory_optic_neuropathy
Visual loss due to optic nerve inflammation
Autoimmune optic neuropathy (AON), sometimes called autoimmune optic neuritis, may be a forme fruste of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) associated optic neuropathy
Autoimmune_optic_neuropathy
Medical condition
Arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (arteritic AION, A-AION or AAION) is vision loss that occurs in giant cell arteritis (also known as temporal
Arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy
Arteritic_anterior_ischemic_optic_neuropathy
Excessive dilation of the pupil
Pathways Optic nerve Optic disc Optic neuritis optic papillitis Papilledema Foster Kennedy syndrome Optic atrophy Optic disc drusen Optic neuropathy Ischemic
Mydriasis
Medical condition
restricts eye movements and an optic neuropathy. With enlargement of the extraocular muscle at the orbital apex, the optic nerve is at risk of compression
Graves'_ophthalmopathy
Cranial nerve connecting the eye to the brain
meninges. Peripheral neuropathies like Guillain–Barré syndrome do not affect the optic nerve. However, most typically, the optic nerve is grouped with
Optic_nerve
Nervous system disease affecting nerves beyond the brain and spinal cord
Peripheral neuropathy, often shortened to neuropathy, is damage or disease affecting the nerves. Damage to nerves may impair sensation, movement, gland
Peripheral_neuropathy
Group of eye diseases related to poor retinal and nerve perfusion
retinal ganglion cells (the optic nerve) is a hallmark of glaucoma. The inconsistent relationship of glaucomatous optic neuropathy with increased intraocular
Glaucoma
Insufficient level of copper in the body, leading to anaemia and nervous symptoms
of neurological problems including myelopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and optic neuropathy. Copper deficiency myelopathy in humans was discovered and
Copper_deficiency
Optic nerve head, the point of exit for ganglion cell axons leaving the eye
neuropathies, optic neuritis, anterior ischemic optic neuropathy or papilledema (i.e. optic disc swelling produced by raised intracranial pressure), and optic disc
Optic_disc
American ophthalmologist (born 1950)
Sensory Visual Testing, Ophthalmology, and Atlas of Leber’s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy. His publications have been cited over 25,000 times, and his h-index
Alfredo_Sadun
Enzyme of the respiratory chain encoded by the mitochondrial genome
mutations in MT-CO1 have been associated with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), acquired idiopathic sideroblastic anemia, Complex IV deficiency
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I
Cytochrome_c_oxidase_subunit_I
Topics referred to by the same term
Cranial neuropathy, any condition affecting cranial nerves Auditory neuropathy, any condition affecting the auditory nerve Optic neuropathy, any condition
Neuropathy_(disambiguation)
Chemical compound
the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for use in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and was designated an orphan drug in 2007. Chemically, idebenone
Idebenone
Medical condition
Kenny-Caffey syndrome, Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy and linear nevus sebaceous syndrome. Patients with optic disc drusen should be monitored periodically
Optic_disc_drusen
Medication
an event in Japan where over 10,000 people developed subacute myelo-optic neuropathy (SMON) between 1957 and 1970. The drug was used widely in many countries
Clioquinol
Medical condition
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca testing Neurological causes include: Optic neuritis Compressive optic neuropathies Papilledema: "The underlying mechanism for visual obscurations
Amaurosis_fugax
Medical condition
Subacute myelo-optic neuropathy (SMON) is an iatrogenic disease of the nervous system leading to a disabling paralysis, blindness and even death. Its defining
Subacute myelo-optic neuropathy
Subacute_myelo-optic_neuropathy
Medical condition
neurosyphilis; however, Argyll Robertson pupils may also be a sign of diabetic neuropathy. In general, pupils that accommodate but do not react are said to show
Argyll_Robertson_pupil
Underdevelopment of the optic nerve
Optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH) is a medical condition arising from the underdevelopment (hypoplasia) of the optic nerve(s). This condition is the most common
Optic_nerve_hypoplasia
Gradual retinal degeneration leading to progressive sight loss
Fiber Myopathy). RP combined with intellectual disability, peripheral neuropathy, acanthotic (spiked) RBCs, ataxia, steatorrhea, and absence of VLDL is
Retinitis_pigmentosa
Visual aura associated with migraine
Pathways Optic nerve Optic disc Optic neuritis optic papillitis Papilledema Foster Kennedy syndrome Optic atrophy Optic disc drusen Optic neuropathy Ischemic
Scintillating_scotoma
Abnormal intolerance to visual perception of light
keratoconus, or optic nerve hypoplasia Hydrophthalmos, or congenital glaucoma Iritis Isotretinoin has been associated with photophobia Optic neuritis Pigment
Photophobia
Identity of organellar DNA sequences in a cell
to treat diseases caused by mutations in mtDNA. Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is the disease in humans that is most frequently associated
Homoplasmy
American biopharmaceutical company
ER-100, for treatment of optic neuropathies including certain types of glaucoma and non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. The drug is proposed
Life_Biosciences
Double vision
PMID 35086246. Johnson, Brooke T, Jameyfield, E, Aakalu, VK (2021). "Optic neuropathy and diplopia from thyroid eye disease update on pathophysiology and
Diplopia
Scientific discipline
of neurological problems including, myelopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and optic neuropathy. Affected individuals typically present difficulty walking
Nutritional_neuroscience
Enzyme of the respiratory chain encoded by the mitochondrial genome
with isolated myopathy, severe encephalomyopathy, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, mitochondrial complex IV deficiency, and recurrent myoglobinuria
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit III
Cytochrome_c_oxidase_subunit_III
Medical condition
Oculomotor nerve palsy or oculomotor neuropathy is an eye condition resulting from damage to the third cranial nerve or a branch thereof. As the name suggests
Oculomotor_nerve_palsy
Altered region in an otherwise normal field of vision
retinal ganglion cell axons that compose the optic nerve exit the retina. This location is called the optic disc. There is no direct conscious awareness
Scotoma
Eye condition caused by ultraviolet radiation
Pathways Optic nerve Optic disc Optic neuritis optic papillitis Papilledema Foster Kennedy syndrome Optic atrophy Optic disc drusen Optic neuropathy Ischemic
Photokeratitis
When one eye's exposure to light creates a muted pupil response in both eyes
common cause of Marcus Gunn pupil is a lesion of the optic nerve (between the retina and the optic chiasm) due to glaucoma, a severe retinal disease, or
Relative afferent pupillary defect
Relative_afferent_pupillary_defect
Hemorrhage in the front chamber of the eye
intraocular pressure (IOP), peripheral anterior synechiae, atrophy of the optic nerve, staining of the cornea with blood, re-bleeding, and impaired accommodation
Hyphema
Medication used to treat erectile dysfunction
vision impairment related to NAION (non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy). Most, but not all, of these patients, had underlying anatomic or
Tadalafil
Type of color vision
Pathways Optic nerve Optic disc Optic neuritis optic papillitis Papilledema Foster Kennedy syndrome Optic atrophy Optic disc drusen Optic neuropathy Ischemic
Dichromacy
Inability to focus on distant objects
experience these distortions because the lens moves with the cornea, keeping the optic axis in line with the visual axis and because the vertex distance has been
Myopia
Medical condition
Pathways Optic nerve Optic disc Optic neuritis optic papillitis Papilledema Foster Kennedy syndrome Optic atrophy Optic disc drusen Optic neuropathy Ischemic
Achromatopsia
Loss of vision in the outer half of both the right and left visual field
visual field. It is usually associated with lesions of the optic chiasm, the area where the optic nerves from the right and left eyes cross near the pituitary
Bitemporal_hemianopsia
Unequal size of the eyes' pupils
Pathways Optic nerve Optic disc Optic neuritis optic papillitis Papilledema Foster Kennedy syndrome Optic atrophy Optic disc drusen Optic neuropathy Ischemic
Anisocoria
Form of strabismus in which the eyes turn inward
Pathways Optic nerve Optic disc Optic neuritis optic papillitis Papilledema Foster Kennedy syndrome Optic atrophy Optic disc drusen Optic neuropathy Ischemic
Esotropia
Swelling of the eye's optic disc due to high intracranial pressure
vein occlusion, cavernous sinus thrombosis Local lesion: optic neuritis, Ischemic optic neuropathy, methanol poisoning, infiltration of the disc by glioma
Papilledema
Inflammatory swelling of the eyelid due to meibomian gland blockage
Pathways Optic nerve Optic disc Optic neuritis optic papillitis Papilledema Foster Kennedy syndrome Optic atrophy Optic disc drusen Optic neuropathy Ischemic
Chalazion
Inflammation of the eyelid
Pathways Optic nerve Optic disc Optic neuritis optic papillitis Papilledema Foster Kennedy syndrome Optic atrophy Optic disc drusen Optic neuropathy Ischemic
Blepharitis
Difference in coloration, usually of the iris but also of hair or skin
Pathways Optic nerve Optic disc Optic neuritis optic papillitis Papilledema Foster Kennedy syndrome Optic atrophy Optic disc drusen Optic neuropathy Ischemic
Heterochromia
Medical condition
The skin and hair may be sensitive to touch. Cranial nerve palsies and optic neuritis are uncommon. The acute uveitic phase occurs a few days later and
Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada_disease
Study of diseases causing visual disturbances
neuro-ophthalmologist includes afferent visual system disorders (e.g. optic neuritis, optic neuropathy, papilledema, brain tumors or strokes) and efferent visual
Neuro-ophthalmology
Health condition negatively affecting the eye
hereditary optic neuropathy – genetic disorder; loss of central vision,. (H47.3) Optic disc drusen – globules progressively calcify in the optic disc, compressing
Eye_disease
Neurological impairment of voluntary muscle movement
M, Angelini C, Patrini C (May 2010). "Subacute sensory ataxia and optic neuropathy with thiamine deficiency". Nature Reviews. Neurology. 6 (5): 288–293
Ataxia
Human mitochondrial DNA
specific to haplogroup J have been associated with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. Around 45,000 years before present, a mutation took place in the DNA
Haplogroup_J_(mtDNA)
Deposits within the eye's vitreous humour
referred to as photopsia. The ultimate release of the vitreous around the optic nerve head sometimes makes a large floater appear, usually in the shape
Floater
Decreased ability to see
complications associated with diabetes (e.g. chronic hyperglycemia, diabetic neuropathy, and diabetic nephropathy). Despite the fact that only 8% of adults 40
Visual_impairment
Vision loss due to damage to the macula of the eye
Pathways Optic nerve Optic disc Optic neuritis optic papillitis Papilledema Foster Kennedy syndrome Optic atrophy Optic disc drusen Optic neuropathy Ischemic
Macular_degeneration
Visual perception disorder
apraxia), and inability to move the hand to a specific object by using vision (optic ataxia). It was named in 1909 for the Austro-Hungarian neurologist and psychiatrist
Bálint's_syndrome
Medical condition
Pathways Optic nerve Optic disc Optic neuritis optic papillitis Papilledema Foster Kennedy syndrome Optic atrophy Optic disc drusen Optic neuropathy Ischemic
Oculogyric_crisis
Decreased ability to see color or color differences
blindness can also result from physical or chemical damage to the eye, the optic nerve, parts of the brain, or from medication toxicity. Color vision also
Color_blindness
Vasodilating drug
contraindicated in patients with previous nonarteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy and hereditary eye diseases. Despite initial concerns of adverse cardiovascular
PDE5_inhibitor
Inability to focus on near objects
Pathways Optic nerve Optic disc Optic neuritis optic papillitis Papilledema Foster Kennedy syndrome Optic atrophy Optic disc drusen Optic neuropathy Ischemic
Farsightedness
Swelling of the eyelid due to infection of an oil gland
Pathways Optic nerve Optic disc Optic neuritis optic papillitis Papilledema Foster Kennedy syndrome Optic atrophy Optic disc drusen Optic neuropathy Ischemic
Stye
Bulging of the eye anteriorly out of the orbit
process that is causing the displacement of the eye may also compress the optic nerve or ophthalmic artery, and lead to blindness. Many patients with exophthalmos
Exophthalmos
Blockage of the central retinal vein in the eye
occlusion Central retinal artery occlusion Eylea Iridodialysis Ischemic optic neuropathy Ophthalmology at a Glance, Jane Olver & Lorraine Cassidy, Blackwell
Central retinal vein occlusion
Central_retinal_vein_occlusion
Condition making it difficult or impossible to see in relatively low light
ultimately generating electrical signals which are carried to the brain via the optic nerve. In the absence of light, rhodopsin is regenerated. The body synthesizes
Nyctalopia
Inflammation of the cornea of the eye
Pathways Optic nerve Optic disc Optic neuritis optic papillitis Papilledema Foster Kennedy syndrome Optic atrophy Optic disc drusen Optic neuropathy Ischemic
Keratitis
Eyes not aligning when looking at something
compensation for developmental abnormalities in the routing of nerves in the optic chiasm. Strabismus may also occur in dogs, most often due to imbalanced
Strabismus
Aberration of vision due to asymmetry in the eye's lens or cornea
Pathways Optic nerve Optic disc Optic neuritis optic papillitis Papilledema Foster Kennedy syndrome Optic atrophy Optic disc drusen Optic neuropathy Ischemic
Astigmatism
Medical condition
eye, known as intraocular pressure. This elevated pressure can damage the optic nerve which will result in permanent vision loss. It is also known as pediatric
Primary_congenital_glaucoma
Dysfunction of eye movement
Bilateral congenital cataract Bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia Idiopathic Leber's congenital amaurosis Optic nerve or macular disease Persistent tunica
Nystagmus
Rare inherited eye disease
the 19th century. It should not be confused with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy, which is a different disease also described by Theodor Leber. One
Leber_congenital_amaurosis
Medical condition
there is optic disc edema, unlike other optic neuropathies, diabetic papillopathy is usually an asymptomatic eye disease. Signs of optic neuropathy such as
Diabetic_papillopathy
Failure of the brain to process input from one eye
Pathways Optic nerve Optic disc Optic neuritis optic papillitis Papilledema Foster Kennedy syndrome Optic atrophy Optic disc drusen Optic neuropathy Ischemic
Amblyopia
Drooping of the upper eyelid over the eye
Pathways Optic nerve Optic disc Optic neuritis optic papillitis Papilledema Foster Kennedy syndrome Optic atrophy Optic disc drusen Optic neuropathy Ischemic
Ptosis_(eyelid)
Progressive eye disease
Pathways Optic nerve Optic disc Optic neuritis optic papillitis Papilledema Foster Kennedy syndrome Optic atrophy Optic disc drusen Optic neuropathy Ischemic
Fuchs'_dystrophy
Anti-diabetic and anti-obesity medication
semaglutide medicines be updated to include non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) as a very rare side effect, while the World Health Organization
Semaglutide
Visual field loss on the left or right side of the vertical midline
Vascular and neoplastic (malignant or benign tumours) lesions from the optic tract, to visual cortex can cause a contralateral homonymous hemianopsia
Homonymous_hemianopsia
Worsening ability of the eyes to focus with age
affecting near vision include macular and retinal diseases, disease of the optic nerve, glaucoma, posterior subscapular cataracts, and astigmatism. To treat
Presbyopia
Mitochondrial gene coding for a protein involved in the respiratory chain
stroke-like episodes (MELAS), Leigh's syndrome (LS), Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and increases in adult BMI. MT-ND1 is located in mitochondrial
MT-ND1
Medical condition
Pathways Optic nerve Optic disc Optic neuritis optic papillitis Papilledema Foster Kennedy syndrome Optic atrophy Optic disc drusen Optic neuropathy Ischemic
Episcleritis
Neurological disorder
Tropical ataxic neuropathy (TAN, also known as Strachan-Scott syndrome and prisoners of war neuropathy) is a disease or category of diseases that commonly
Tropical_ataxic_neuropathy
Worsening of neurologic symptoms in multiple sclerosis caused by heat
concentration difficulties urinary urgency worsening of existing optic neuropathy (although optic neuropathy may occur for the first time) muscle stiffness dizziness
Uhthoff's_phenomenon
Discomfort following extended visual tasks
Pathways Optic nerve Optic disc Optic neuritis optic papillitis Papilledema Foster Kennedy syndrome Optic atrophy Optic disc drusen Optic neuropathy Ischemic
Eye_strain
Clouding of the lens inside the eye, causing poor vision
Pathways Optic nerve Optic disc Optic neuritis optic papillitis Papilledema Foster Kennedy syndrome Optic atrophy Optic disc drusen Optic neuropathy Ischemic
Cataract
Most common genetic condition leading to color blindness
Pathways Optic nerve Optic disc Optic neuritis optic papillitis Papilledema Foster Kennedy syndrome Optic atrophy Optic disc drusen Optic neuropathy Ischemic
Congenital red–green color blindness
Congenital_red–green_color_blindness
Medical condition
intraocular pressure (pressure in the eye) cause progressive optic neuropathy that leads to optic nerve damage, visual field defects and blindness. Sometimes
Blurred_vision
Mitochondrial gene coding for a protein involved in the respiratory chain
MT-ND6 gene are associated with Leigh's syndrome, Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and dystonia. The MT-ND6 gene is located in human mitochondrial
MT-ND6
Area in visual space that can be seen when the eye fixates a point
optic radiations. Generalized depression is seen in cataract Central visual field loss is seen in Optic neuritis, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy,
Visual_field
Medical condition
Pathways Optic nerve Optic disc Optic neuritis optic papillitis Papilledema Foster Kennedy syndrome Optic atrophy Optic disc drusen Optic neuropathy Ischemic
Pinguecula
Inflammation of the optic nerve head
Optic papillitis is a specific type of optic neuritis. Inflammation of the optic nerve head is called "papillitis" or "intraocular optic neuritis"; inflammation
Optic_papillitis
Malposition of the lens of the eye
Pathways Optic nerve Optic disc Optic neuritis optic papillitis Papilledema Foster Kennedy syndrome Optic atrophy Optic disc drusen Optic neuropathy Ischemic
Ectopia_lentis
Excessive constriction of the pupil
Pathways Optic nerve Optic disc Optic neuritis optic papillitis Papilledema Foster Kennedy syndrome Optic atrophy Optic disc drusen Optic neuropathy Ischemic
Miosis
Mitochondrial disease
inherited diabetes and deafness), MERRF syndrome, and Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. It was first characterized under this name in 1984. A feature of these
MELAS_syndrome
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