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1987 treaty to protect the ozone layer
The Montreal Protocol, officially the Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer, is an international treaty designed to protect the
Montreal_Protocol
Working fluid in a refrigeration cycle
the Montreal Protocol in 1987. This international agreement aimed to phase out CFCs and HCFCs to protect the ozone layer. Under the Montreal Protocol, production
Refrigerant
Human-caused changes to climate on Earth
gas emissions than the Kyoto Protocol specifically designed to do so. The most recent amendment to the Montreal Protocol, the 2016 Kigali Amendment, committed
Climate_change
Atmospheric phenomenon
harming plants and animals. These concerns led to the adoption of the Montreal Protocol in 1987, which bans the production of CFCs, halons, and other ozone-depleting
Ozone_depletion
Commemoration of the Montreal Protocol
in commemoration of the date, in 1987, on which nations signed the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. In 1994, the UN General
International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer
International_Day_for_the_Preservation_of_the_Ozone_Layer
International agreement (2016) to reduce the use of hydrofluorocarbons
The Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol is an international agreement to gradually reduce the consumption and production of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
Kigali_Amendment
Class of organic compounds
the manufacture of such compounds has been phased out under the Montreal Protocol, and they are being replaced with other products such as hydrofluorocarbons
Chlorofluorocarbon
Mixture used as a refrigerant
refrigerators. R-22 production will be phased out by 2020 as per the Montreal Protocol, as the chlorine in R-22 can lead to ozone depletion. As the components
R-407C
Refrigerant fluid
In accordance with terms and agreement reached in the Montreal Protocol (The Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer), the United
R-410A
Weather event in Greece
emergency protocols for extreme heat events. The widespread adoption of air conditioning units was complicated by the adoption of the Montreal Protocol on September
1987_Athens_heat_wave
Region of the stratosphere
ozone hole in 1985. After negotiation of an international treaty (the Montreal Protocol), CFC production was capped at 1986 levels with commitments to long-term
Ozone_layer
International treaty
respect to the convention "null and void". On 24 February 1988 in Montreal, the Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts of Violence at Airports serving
Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation
Convention_for_the_Suppression_of_Unlawful_Acts_against_the_Safety_of_Civil_Aviation
Shipment of waste from one country to another
strengthen the Montreal Protocol, Ghana on behalf of all African States parties to the Montreal Protocol proposed a Decision that the Montreal Protocol Parties
Environmental_dumping
Fire suppression agent
potentially harmful gases. UNEP banned the use of Halon gases in the Montreal Protocol treaty in 1987 due to ozone depletion and the ozone-depleting effect
Clean_agent_FS_49_C2
Neurological condition
Royal, I.; Felezeu, M.; Peretz, I. (2018-06-01). "Erratum to: The Montreal Protocol for Identification of Amusia". Behavior Research Methods. 50 (3):
Musical_anhedonia
Synthetic organic compounds
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) such as R-12, which were phased out from use by the Montreal Protocol, and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) such as R-21 which are presently
Hydrofluorocarbon
Dispensing system of an aerosol mist
signed in response to the UN's authorization. Two years later, the Montreal Protocol, which regulated the production of CFCs was formally signed. It came
Aerosol_spray_dispenser
Organobromine pesticide
methyl bromide were produced. Its production was curtailed by the Montreal Protocol, such that in 1983, production was nearly twice that of 2009 levels
Bromomethane
Potential heat absorbed by a greenhouse gas
S2CID 158806342. Amendment to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (the "Montreal Protocol"), adopted at Kigali on October 15
Global_warming_potential
Consumer device for making ice, found inside a freezer
to global warming, re-emphasizing the historical importance of the Montreal Protocol and aiming to increase its impact upon the use greenhouse gases besides
Icemaker
The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer and the Montreal Protocol are international agreements that oblige signatory countries to limit
List_of_refrigerants
UN environmental response agency
Facility (GEF) and the Multilateral Fund for the Implementation of the Montreal Protocol. From 2017 to 2020, the organization was referred to as UN Environment
United Nations Environment Programme
United_Nations_Environment_Programme
Registered trade name for halocarbon products
halocarbons. Most uses of CFCs are now banned or severely restricted by the Montreal Protocol of August 1987, as they have been shown to be responsible for ozone
Freon
Chemical compound
refrigerant and aerosol spray propellant. In compliance with the Montreal Protocol, its manufacture was banned in developed countries (non-article 5
Dichlorodifluoromethane
Presence of dangerous substances in the air
Clean Air Act. International efforts have had mixed results: the Montreal Protocol almost eliminated harmful ozone-depleting chemicals, while international
Air_pollution
Regulatory term for fluorinated greenhouse gases
(HCFCs). As these substances were found to deplete the ozone layer, the Montreal Protocol began to lay down provisions for them to be phased-out globally after
Fluorinated_gases
the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer and the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (Ozone Secretariat) from
K._Madhava_Sarma
1978 Kyoto Protocol - greenhouse gas emission reductions Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 Minamata Convention on Mercury, 2013 Montreal Protocol on Substances
List of international environmental agreements
List_of_international_environmental_agreements
Topics referred to by the same term
of Civil Aviation, 1971 Montreal Protocol, a 1987 environmental protocol designed to protect the ozone layer Montreal Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful
Montreal Convention (disambiguation)
Montreal_Convention_(disambiguation)
Type of rule-making; contrasted with direct investments and incentives in climate policy
take into account the wider causes of environmental issues. The 1987 Montreal Protocol is commonly cited as a CAC success story at the international level
Command and control regulation
Command_and_control_regulation
Codes for food additives
compliance with the Montreal Protocol. E946 Octafluorocyclobutane propellant Banned in all countries, in compliance with the Montreal Protocol. E948 Oxygen packaging
E_number
Advocacy movement
argued "binding international treaties" are needed. He mentioned the Montreal Protocol and treaties banning blinding laser weapons as examples of previous
PauseAI
Chemical element with atomic number 35 (Br)
organobromine compounds are all now regulated as ozone depletion agents. The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer scheduled the phase out
Bromine
Chemical compound
tetrafluoromethane (CF4). Following the unanimous ratification of the 1987 Montreal Protocol—in response to concerns about the role of concentrations of chlorofluorocarbons
Chlorotrifluoromethane
Greenhouse gases emitted from human activities
warming. Although CFCs are greenhouse gases, they are regulated by the Montreal Protocol which was motivated by CFCs' contribution to ozone depletion rather
Greenhouse_gas_emissions
Chemical propellant and refrigerant
propellant and refrigerant. These applications were phased out under the Montreal Protocol in developed countries in 2020 due to the compound's ozone depletion
Chlorodifluoromethane
Topics referred to by the same term
LGBT rights Montreal Protocol, a 1987 treaty to protect the ozone layer Montreal Convention (disambiguation) Alfa Romeo Montreal, a car Montreal Canadiens
Montreal_(disambiguation)
System that transfers heat from one space to another
Use of these chemicals was banned or severely restricted by the Montreal Protocol of August 1987. Replacements, including R-134a and R-410A, are hydrofluorocarbons
Heat_pump
Triatomic oxygen molecule
Anniversary Colloquium of the Montreal Protocol, held on September 13, 1997; part of a series of events held in Montreal to mark the 10th anniversary of
Ozone
international efforts to prevent ozone depletion — followed by the landmark Montreal Protocol of 1987, which limited the global production and consumption of nearly
Climate_envoy
Study of chemical compounds containing fluorine-carbon bonds
accord to phase out hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) in an amendment to the Montreal Protocol. As indicated throughout this article, fluorine-substituents lead
Organofluorine_chemistry
Refrigeration process
used in most cars). HCFCs in turn are being phased out under the Montreal Protocol and replaced by hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), which do not contain chlorine
Vapor-compression refrigeration
Vapor-compression_refrigeration
Medical condition
investigative tools all described in the Montreal Protocol for Identification of Amusia. This protocol has at its center the Montreal Battery of Evaluation of Amusia
Amusia
Mexican chemist (1943–2020)
co-authors in Nature in 1985. Ongoing work led to the adoption of the Montreal Protocol (an agreement to cut CFC production and use) by 56 countries in 1987
Mario_Molina
Largest city in Quebec, Canada
Montreal (French: Montréal) is the largest city in the province of Quebec, the second-largest in Canada, and the eighth-largest in North America. Founded
Montreal
Pest control technique
bromide gas (4.3 °C) TLV-TWA 5 ppm, MAK 5 ppm. restricted by the Montreal Protocol. ethylene oxide gas (10.7 °C) TLV-TWA 1 ppm food sulfuryl fluoride
Fumigation
American solar geoengineering company
governments will establish a regulatory framework similar to the Montreal Protocol. The company has submitted a patent application. In May 2026, Stardust
Stardust_Solutions
Most common type of heat pump
Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, the Montreal Protocol and the Kyoto Protocol call for the complete abandonment of such refrigerants
Air_source_heat_pump
Impact of human life on Earth and environment
harming plants and animals. These concerns led to the adoption of the Montreal Protocol in 1987, which bans the production of CFCs, halons, and other ozone-depleting
Human impact on the environment
Human_impact_on_the_environment
American chemist and engineer (1889–1944)
effects of CFCs in the atmosphere became widely known. In 1987, the Montreal Protocol phased out the use of CFCs like Freon. The harm of leaded gasoline
Thomas_Midgley_Jr.
Actions to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions to limit climate change
designed for this purpose, the Montreal Protocol has benefited climate change mitigation efforts. The Montreal Protocol is an international treaty that
Climate_change_mitigation
Sustainable refrigerants
to the greenhouse effect from their fluorine elements. In 1987 the Montreal Protocol first acknowledged these dangers and banned the use of CFCs by 2010
Natural_refrigerant
Protection of the Ozone Layer and the Montreal Protocol that amended it are seen as success stories, while the Kyoto Protocol on anthropogenic climate change
Ozone depletion and climate change
Ozone_depletion_and_climate_change
Theoretical framework
model can work, as seen in the Montreal Protocol, there has been a shift away from this after it failed in the Kyoto Protocol and more recently is in jeopardy[citation
Climate change mitigation framework
Climate_change_mitigation_framework
American environmentalist
reduce ozone depletion and climate pollution by strengthening the Montreal Protocol. He co-authored the standard English language textbook on international
Durwood_Zaelke
Variation on the Rankine thermodynamic cycle
CFCs: Banned by Montreal Protocol due to ozone depletion (e.g. R-11, R-12) HCFCs: Phasing out due to Copenhagen Amendment to Montreal Protocol (e.g. R-22,
Organic_Rankine_cycle
Movement towards political cooperation among transnational actors
was signed and ratified in 1985. In 1987, 24 countries signed the Montreal Protocol which imposed the gradual withdrawal of CFCs. The "cooperative problem-solving
Global_governance
Concept in political economic theory
Commission for Europe (UNECE). The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, or Montreal Protocol (a protocol to the Vienna Convention for
Global_commons
1997 international treaty to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
The Kyoto Protocol (Japanese: 京都議定書, Hepburn: Kyōto Giteisho) was an international treaty which extended the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on
Kyoto_Protocol
Active fire protection device
Europe and Australia have severely restricted its use, since the Montreal Protocol of 1987. Less severe restrictions have been implemented in the United
Fire_extinguisher
Multilateral environmental foundation for climate protection
Convention on Mercury The GEF also supports implementation of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (MP). The GEF has a governing
Global_Environment_Facility
Canadian businessman
Sustainable Development (IGSD) and former co-chair (1989–2012) of the Montreal Protocol Technology and Economic Assessment Panel (TEAP) where he also chaired
Stephen_O._Andersen
Chemical element with atomic number 9 (F)
involved children under six, and there were few serious cases. The Montreal Protocol, signed in 1987, set strict regulations on chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Fluorine
Lobbyist group against reduction of greenhouse gas emissions
corporations recognized that they had been inadequately organized for the Montreal Protocol, the international treaty that phased out ozone depleting chlorofluorocarbons
Global_Climate_Coalition
International treaties concerning Antarctica
in 2022 and protected by the treaty International Seabed Authority Montreal Protocol Moon Treaty Multilateral treaty National Antarctic Program Category:
Antarctic_Treaty_System
Organic reaction in chemistry
less common, due to carbon tetrachloride being restricted under the Montreal Protocol. Drawbacks to the reaction are the use of toxic halogenating agents
Appel_reaction
Chemical compound
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) that were initially undergoing a phase-out per the Montreal Protocol, but HCFCs still have a significant ozone-depletion ability. As of
1-Chloro-1,1-difluoroethane
United Nations principle on climate change
were other protocols and agreements that employed a principle of differential treatment: Kyoto Protocol Paris Agreement Montreal Protocol on Substances
Common But Differentiated Responsibilities
Common_But_Differentiated_Responsibilities
Polymer composed of a chain of organic units joined by carbamate (urethane) links
the early 1990s, because of their impact on ozone depletion, the Montreal Protocol restricted the use of many chlorine-containing blowing agents, such
Polyurethane
Chemical compound
HFC-227ea has been included in the list of controlled substances of the Montreal Protocol (2016 Kigali Amendment, in effect in January 2019). Under EU regulations
1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane
1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane
Treaties and protocols protecting the environment
agreement. Protocols can take flexible approaches to improve effectiveness. One example is the use of sanctions: under the Montreal Protocol, signatories
International environmental agreement
International_environmental_agreement
Chemical compound
chlorofluorocarbons and chloroalkanes such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane under the Montreal Protocol. It was also used as a dry cleaning solvent as a substitute for perchloroethylene
1-Bromopropane
Device that delivers medication to the lungs
as of 2012. This followed from U.S. decision to agree to the 1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances that deplete the ozone layer. Hydrofluorocarbon propellants
Metered-dose_inhaler
Chemical compound
production and consumption has been banned since 1 January 1996 under the Montreal Protocol because of its high ozone depletion potential and very long lifetime
Chloropentafluoroethane
Chemical compound
detected in the parts-per-quadrillion range. Since July 1, 1994, the Montreal Protocol required all nations or parties that are a party to it to eliminate
Dibromotetrafluoroethane
Theory of behavioral economics
Berejikian employed prospect theory to analyze the genesis of the Montreal Protocol, a landmark environmental agreement. William Boettcher integrated
Prospect_theory
American biologist
industries in the Midwest U.S., and recent successful efforts at the Montreal Protocol to avoid as much as several hundred gigatonnes of CO2e emissions.
Samuel_LaBudde
replacements are not as effective. As production of BFCs was banned by the Montreal Protocol, remaining use depends on old inventories and on recycling. BFCs are
Bromofluorocarbon
Egyptian scientist (1922–2016)
Environment Programme (UNEP). In that capacity he led development of the Montreal Protocol, which saved the ozone layer and thus millions of lives from skin
Mostafa_Kamal_Tolba
Thai singer
of Hot 2009 2010 Mademan.com Best Thai Female Singer 2010 U.S. EPA Montreal Protocol Award for Tata Young Ambassador for the United Nations Environment
Tata_Young
Toxic gaseous compound (COCl2)
30 years later, Organochloride production is restricted under the Montreal Protocol. Phosgene in the troposphere can last up to about 70 days and is removed
Phosgene
Solvent, now banned for ozone depletion
in large quantities for use as a solvent. It is regulated by the Montreal Protocol as an ozone-depleting substance, and as such, use has declined since
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Chemical compound
years, it is included in the list of controlled substances of the Montreal Protocol. When introduced to the market HFC-125 was not considered safe for
Pentafluoroethane
Tool used on products on conveyor belts
Blower-powered air knife systems came of age with the advent of the 1987 Montreal Protocol, which started the clock on the worldwide phase-out of atmospheric
Air_knife
Chemical compound
HCFC-123 will eventually be phased out under the current schedule of the Montreal Protocol. It was discontinued in new HVAC equipment in 2020 in developed countries
2,2-Dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane
2,2-Dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane
1-trichloroethane with a propellant blend of propane and isobutane. The Montreal Protocol targeted 1,1,1-trichloroethane as one of those compounds responsible
Endust
Multilateral treaty adopted by the ICAO
The Montreal Convention (formally, the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules for International Carriage by Air) is a multilateral treaty adopted
Montreal_Convention
Substance producing a foaming process in a variety of materials
include CFCs (however, these are ozone depletants, banned by the Montreal Protocol of 1987), HCFCs (replaced CFCs, but are still ozone depletants, therefore
Blowing_agent
Calendar year
agree to phase out hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) as an amendment to the Montreal Protocol. November 1 – The number of people globally using mobile devices to
2016
Group of diseases involving cell growth
skin cancer globally. In 1987, an international treaty named the Montreal Protocol was signed to limit the release of ozone-damaging chemicals. Since
Cancer
Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer: Treaty status. Montreal Protocol: Treaty status. UN Framework Convention on Climate Change: Treaty
List of treaties by number of parties
List_of_treaties_by_number_of_parties
Chemical compound
substance undergoing a global phaseout from production and use under the Montreal Protocol since the late 1990s. It is being replaced by HFCs within some applications
1,1-Dichloro-1-fluoroethane
Environmental Protection Agency
ozone-depleting substances by the country after Ghana ratified the Montreal Protocol in 1989. After the 1992 constitution and national election, the National
Environmental Protection Authority (Ghana)
Environmental_Protection_Authority_(Ghana)
United Nations environmental organization
transition (CEITs) to achieve and sustain their compliance with the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, and make informed decisions
UNEP_OzonAction
Environmental non-governmental organization
participants advocating early phase-out of ozone depleting substances in the Montreal Protocol. In the early 1990s, Greenpeace developed a CFC-free refrigerator
Greenpeace
Access to Information Act; Patriation of the Canadian Constitution; Montreal Protocol; Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms; National Energy Program;
List of prime ministers of Canada
List_of_prime_ministers_of_Canada
Chemical compound
from January 1, 2002, at the Eleventh Meeting of the Parties for the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. Bromochloromethane's biodegradation
Bromochloromethane
Italian chemical company
main culprits and some of these compounds were banned by the 1987 Montreal Protocol. This led to a strong crisis in the chemical industry linked to the
Fluorsid
Caustic soda, with formula NaOH
systems in the early 1990s when trichloroethane was outlawed by the Montreal Protocol. Water and sodium hydroxide detergent-based parts washers are considered
Sodium_hydroxide
Fluid applied to paper to mask errors in text
1,1-trichloroethane, a skin irritant now widely banned under the Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer, and then the slightly
Correction_fluid
MONTREAL PROTOCOL
MONTREAL PROTOCOL
Boy/Male
Italian Spanish
Mountain. Abbreviation of Montague and Montgomery.
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : variant of Jordan.A Jourdain from the Saintonge region of France is recorded in
Quebec City in 1676. Another, from the Savoie, is documented in 1688
in Lachine, Quebec, with the secondary surname Lafrizade. A third,
from Provence, is documented in Champlain, Quebec, in 1688; and another, also
called Labrosse, in Montreal in 1696. Other secondary surnames include
Boy/Male
English
Contemporary phonetic'enduring.
Boy/Male
Italian Spanish
Mountain. Abbreviation of Montague and Montgomery.
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : metonymic occupational name for a turnspit, i.e. a servant who turned the spit, from Old French haste ‘(roasting) spit’.A bearer of the name Haste from Paris is documented in Montreal in 1662.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Towne.French (Champagne) : possibly from a shortened form of the personal name Opportune, which was borne by an 8th-century abbess of Montreuil.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, Indian, Jamaican, Spanish
Little Mountain; Abbreviation of Montague and Montgomery
Surname or Lastname
Southern French
Southern French : topographic name for someone who lived by an
oak tree or oak grove, from Occitan garric (masculine) ‘kermes
oak’ or garrique (feminine) ‘grove of kermes oaks’.English (Norfolk) : variant of Geary 2.A bearer with the secondary surname
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : from the Middle English, Old French personal name Perrin, a pet form of French Pierre (see Peter).A Perrin from Brittany is documented in Montreal in 1661. Secondary surnames associated with Perrin are Garao, Duteau, and Languedoc.
Surname or Lastname
French (Jérôme) and English
French (Jérôme) and English : from the medieval
personal name Jérôme (French), Jerome (English),
from Greek HierÅnymos (see Hieronymus). This achieved
some popularity in France and elsewhere, being bestowed in honor of St
Jerome (?347–420), creator of the Vulgate, the standard Latin
version of the Bible.English (of Norman origin) : from a personal
name, Gerram, composed of the Germanic elements gÄr, gÄ“r ‘spear’ + hraban ‘raven’.A Jerome is recorded in Montreal in 1655 with the secondary
surnames Beaune and Leblanc. Another bearer of the name,
from Brittany, is recorded in Montreal in 1705 with the secondary
surname
Surname or Lastname
French
French : from pigeon ‘pigeon’ (Old French pijon ‘young bird’), hence a metonymic occupational name for a hunter of wood pigeons, or a nickname for a foolish or gullible person, since the birds are easily taken.In some cases, an altered form of French PetitJean.English : variant spelling of Pidgeon.A person from Paris with the name Pigeon is documented in Montreal in 1662. Another is recorded with the secondary surname Petitjean.
Boy/Male
American, British, English, Jamaican
To Endure; Enduring; Contemporary Phonetic Variant of Dante Enduring
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : variant of Jordan.A Jourdain from the Saintonge region of France is recorded in
Quebec City in 1676. Another, from the Savoie, is documented in 1688
in Lachine, Quebec, with the secondary surname Lafrizade. A third,
from Provence, is documented in Champlain, Quebec, in 1688; and another, also
called Labrosse, in Montreal in 1696. Other secondary surnames include
Boy/Male
Italian Spanish
Mountain. Abbreviation of Montague and Montgomery.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Tart.French : metonymic occupational name for a maker and seller of fine pastries,
from Old French tarte ‘tart’, ‘pastry’.Possibly
an altered form of Tartre, a regional variant of Tertre,
a habitational name from a common place name meaning ‘height’,
‘hill’.A Tartre with the secondary surname
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained.Possibly a Americanized spelling of French Duthie or Dutey, both variants of Dutil, or a translation of French Dudevoir, which is probably a dit-name in origin, from one of the regiments that served in New France, perhaps a nickname for someone obsessed with duty.A family named Dudevoir, from the Auvergne, settled in Montreal in 1690.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Sell 1.German : from Middle High German, Middle Low German selle ‘friend’, ‘companion’.French : habitational name from any of the various places called Selle, Selles, or La Selle, named with Latin cella ‘cell’, ‘cot’, ‘hut’, ‘stall’.Dutch (Van Selle) : habitational name for someone from Zelle in Herenthout, Antwerp.A Selle (or De Selle) from the Burgundy region of France was documented in Montreal in 1729.
Surname or Lastname
English and French
English and French : variant of Richard.A Ricard is documented in Montreal in 1665, with the secondary surname Saint-Germain.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from a pet form of the female personal name Barbara (see Barbara).Southern French : from a diminutive of Occitan barbari ‘barbarous’, ‘barbarian’. In particular, this word came to denote a Moor or Berber from the Barbary Coast in North Africa, and hence was then applied to a man of swarthy appearance or uncouth habits.An immigrant from the Périgord region of France was variously documented in Montreal in 1668 as Barbary and Barbarin, with the secondary surname Grandmaison.
Boy/Male
Italian Spanish
Mountain. Abbreviation of Montague and Montgomery.
MONTREAL PROTOCOL
MONTREAL PROTOCOL
Boy/Male
British, English
Brave Friend
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
God-lion; Lord Shiva
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Distinction of the Religion Islam
Girl/Female
Australian, Greek, Italian
Well Born; Famous Warrior
Boy/Male
Hindu
God of Love, Lord of the world
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Light of Lamp
Surname or Lastname
English
English : perhaps a variant of Bromwell or Broomhall.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Great and famous
Boy/Male
Indian, Tamil, Telugu
Philosophy; Seeing Clearly
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Ibn-Aybak was a leading historian
MONTREAL PROTOCOL
MONTREAL PROTOCOL
MONTREAL PROTOCOL
MONTREAL PROTOCOL
MONTREAL PROTOCOL
n.
The progeny resulting from a cross between two breeds, as of domestic animals; anything of mixed breed.
n.
A half wolf; a mongrel dog, between a dog and a wolf.
a.
Not of a pure breed.
v. t. & i.
To cause to be mongrel; to cross breeds, so as to produce mongrels.
n.
An agreement of diplomatists indicating the results reached by them at a particular stage of a negotiation.
n.
A mongrel or inferior dog.
a.
Of or pertaining to the Monera.
n.
A convention not formally ratified.
n.
A whitefish (Coregonus tullibee) found in the Great Lakes of North America; -- called also mongrel whitefish.
v. t.
To make a protocol of.
n.
One who draughts protocols.
v. i.
To make or write protocols, or first draughts; to issue protocols.
n.
The offspring of the union of two distinct species; an animal or plant produced from the mixture of two species. See Mongrel.
n. & a.
See Mongrel.
n.
A mongrel, as a cross between the mastiff and hound.
a.
Produced by mixing distinct breeds; mongrel.
n.
One of a mongrel breed of dogs said to have been a cross between the sheep dog, greyhound, and spaniel. It hunts game silently, by scent, and is often used by poachers.
n.
A preliminary document upon the basis of which negotiations are carried on.
n.
The minutes, or rough draught, of an instrument or transaction.
a.
Of mixed kinds; as, mongrel language.