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A mutation accumulation (MA) experiment is a genetic experiment in which isolated and inbred lines of organisms (so-called MA lines) are maintained such
Mutation accumulation experiments
Mutation_accumulation_experiments
Theory of aging
The mutation accumulation theory of aging was first proposed by Peter Medawar in 1952 as an evolutionary explanation for biological aging and the associated
Mutation_accumulation_theory
mutation accumulation experiments, in which mutations are allowed to drift to fixation in inbred lines, to study the effect of spontaneous mutations on
Behavior_mutation
Method for describing the mutation rates for genes through the observation of phenotypes
a living organism. The method involves the maintenance of many mutation accumulation lineages of the organism studied, and it is therefore labor intensive
Bateman-Mukai_method
Tricks: Insights into the Spontaneous Mutation Process from the Partnering of Classical Mutation Accumulation Experiments with High-Throughput Genomic Approaches"
Mutation_bias
Rate at which mutations occur during some unit of time
characterizing the mutation rate is the mutation accumulation line. Mutation accumulation lines have been used to characterize mutation rates with the Bateman-Mukai
Mutation_rate
Scientific study
improvement, mutation accumulation was linear and clock like, even though several lines of evidence suggested that much of the accumulation was beneficial
E. coli long-term evolution experiment
E._coli_long-term_evolution_experiment
Alteration in the nucleotide sequence of a genome
biology, a mutation is an alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA. Mutations result from
Mutation
Accumulation of harmful mutations
in an accumulation of irreversible deleterious mutations. That happens because in the absence of recombination, and assuming reverse mutations are rare
Muller's_ratchet
Genes that encode genome-stabilizing products
that act to prevent growth of potential cancer cells and prevent accumulation of mutations that directly lead to increased cellular proliferation. The third
Caretaker_gene
Hypothesis that aging is caused by accumulated DNA damage
associated with accumulation of DNA damage, are described in the next section.[citation needed] In contrast to DNA damage, a mutation is a change in the
DNA_damage_theory_of_aging
Study of the evolutionary development of ageing processes
the lifespans of organisms. The classical theories of evolution (mutation accumulation, antagonistic pleiotropy, and disposable soma) suggest that environmental
Evolution_of_ageing
Sub-field of gerontology
the body from the environment or resulting from cell metabolism. Mutation accumulation theory was first proposed by Peter Medawar in 1952 as an evolutionary
Biogerontology
Deterioration of function with age
(gene expression), codon restriction, error catastrophe, somatic mutation, accumulation of genetic material (DNA) damage (DNA damage theory of aging) and
Senescence
Change in the heritable traits of populations
are called alleles. DNA sequences can change through mutations, producing new alleles. If a mutation occurs within a gene, the new allele may affect the
Evolution
Influence of a single gene on multiple phenotypic traits
caused by a mutation in a single gene on chromosome 12 that encodes the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. This mutation leads to the accumulation of the amino
Pleiotropy
American plant geneticist
deleterious. As such, natural selection is unable to slow the accumulation of harmful mutations. Therefore, over time, fitness will decline and, if unchecked
John_C._Sanford
Protein-coding gene in humans
vitro results in fat accumulation by inducing larger lipid droplets, while CIDEB knock-out experiments results in accumulation of smaller lipid droplets
CIDEB
Species of single-celled organism
transplantation experiments indicated that the macronucleus, rather than the cytoplasm, is responsible for clonal aging. Additional experiments by Smith-Sonneborn
Paramecium_aurelia
Parts of lagging strand in DNA replication
example, a mutation related to primase affects RNA primer removal and can make the DNA strand more fragile and susceptible to breaks. Another mutation concerns
Okazaki_fragments
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
341 mutations in human OTC have been reported. At least 259 of these mutations are considered to be disease-causing mutations. 149 of these mutations are
Ornithine_transcarbamylase
Group of brain diseases induced by prions
identifiable cause. Sporadic prion diseases occur in the absence of a mutation in the gene for PrP or a source of infection. Although research has shown
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy
Transmissible_spongiform_encephalopathy
Accumulation of genetic differences
Divergent evolution or divergent selection is the accumulation of differences between closely related populations within a species, sometimes leading to
Divergent_evolution
Central nervous system disease
axonal transport of alpha-synuclein may also lead to its accumulation in Lewy bodies. Experiments have revealed reduced transport rates of both wild-type
Neurodegenerative_disease
Sex-specific patterns of inheritance
the sex-specific patterns of inheritance and presentation when a gene mutation (allele) is present on a sex chromosome (allosome) rather than a non-sex
Sex_linkage
Chicken plumage color pattern
Specialized Lines and Strains, Mutations, Breeds and Varieties of Chickens, Japanese Quail and Turkeys. Storrs Agricultural Experiment Station, The University
Lavender_(chicken_plumage)
Difference in DNA among individuals or populations
The multiple sources of genetic variation include mutation and genetic recombination. Mutations are the ultimate sources of genetic variation, but other
Genetic_variation
Family of transport proteins
contributor to familial hemiplegic migraine. By using a knockin experiment, this mutation could be expressed in mice so research could be conducted. The
P-type_calcium_channel
Theory in evolutionary biology
their large volume and the process of gene flow. New and even beneficial mutations are diluted by the population's large size and are unable to reach fixation
Punctuated_equilibrium
Chemical compound
probably due to mutations in the organism's wild-type isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase (IleS). In E. coli IleS, a single amino acid mutation was shown to alter
Mupirocin
the first to suggest that the combined effects of parasitism and mutation accumulation can lead to an increased advantage to sex under conditions not otherwise
Evolution of sexual reproduction
Evolution_of_sexual_reproduction
Growing bacteria or viruses in iterations
bacterium may evolve by mutating repeatedly. Identifying and studying mutations that occur often reveals information about the virus or bacterium being
Serial_passage
Neurological condition
chromosome 6q22-24, and mutations were found in patients presenting with accumulation of phytanic acid with no PHYH mutation. Adult Refsum disease should
Refsum_disease
Formation of cancer
result of a single, isolated event, rather than the slow accumulation of multiple mutations. Many mutagens are also carcinogens, but some carcinogens
Carcinogenesis
American biologist (1890–1967)
basis of Hugo de Vries's theory of mutationism: "balanced lethals" allowed the accumulation of recessive mutations, and rare crossing over events resulted
Hermann_Joseph_Muller
Biological process of axonal degeneration
organelles occurs after axolemma degradation. Early changes include accumulation of mitochondria in the paranodal regions at the site of injury. Endoplasmic
Wallerian_degeneration
Damage in DNA which occurs naturally
different from mutation, although both are types of error in DNA. DNA damage is an abnormal chemical structure in DNA, while a mutation is a change in
DNA damage (naturally occurring)
DNA_damage_(naturally_occurring)
Proposed evolutionary explanation for senescence
pleiotropy and not due to some other competing cause (e.g. the mutation accumulation hypothesis), one must have knowledge of the precise gene that is
Antagonistic pleiotropy hypothesis
Antagonistic_pleiotropy_hypothesis
Dependence of a gene mutation's phenotype on mutations in other genes
throughput experiments and computational assays have allowed researchers to also study higher-order epistasis (where more than two mutations at different
Epistasis
Study of changes in DNA and RNA over time
fix. Many genomic features have been ascribed to accumulation of nearly neutral detrimental mutations as a result of small effective population sizes.
Molecular_evolution
sporadically (the most common form of diagnosis) or due to familial passed mutations in genes associated with Alzheimer's pathology. Common symptoms associated
Experimental models of Alzheimer's disease
Experimental_models_of_Alzheimer's_disease
Group of identical cells that share a common ancestry
referred to as clonal aging. Experiments by Smith-Sonneborn, Holmes and Holmes and Gilley and Blackburn showed that accumulation of DNA damage is the likely
Clone_(cell_biology)
Total number of genetic characteristics in a species
neutral theory of evolution proposes that diversity is the result of the accumulation of neutral substitutions. Diversifying selection is the hypothesis that
Genetic_diversity
Subfield of genetics
Masel, C. W. Birky, Jr. and W. L. Nicholson (2007). "The roles of mutation accumulation and selection in loss of sporulation in experimental populations
Population_genetics
Medical condition
Researchers concluded that this osmotic swelling must be the result of an accumulation of abnormal metabolites or electrolytes in the lens. Ruth van Heyningen
Galactosemic_cataract
Evolutionary process
in nature. Eventually a competing theory involving the gradual accumulation of mutations was shown to occur in nature so often that geneticists largely
Speciation
Indian-American chronobiologist
mutations in CK2 target sites in PER and TIM proteins. Mutations of PER CK2 target sites did not lead to abnormal accumulation of PER, but mutations in
Ravi_Allada
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
increasing the risk of related diseases. Individuals with disruptive mutations (defined as nonsense, splice site, or indel frameshift) in LDLR have an
LDL_receptor
Compound related to LSD
results of the experiments outlined under specific aim 1, we may be led to conclude that relative 5-HT2A receptor-dependent IP accumulation is a good predictor
LA-Pip
Theory in the domain of evolutionary biology
Masel; C. W. Birky Jr.; W. L. Nicholson (2007). "The roles of mutation accumulation and selection in loss of sporulation in experimental populations
Bias in the introduction of variation
Bias_in_the_introduction_of_variation
Family of protein kinases
undergo rapid exchange of new phosphate for old. In order to perform experiments that would allow isolation and characterization of the enzymes involved
Casein_kinase_1
Protein and coding gene in humans
clock. Mutations in the phosphorylation area of PER2 are thought to be related to FASPS patients The canonical Wnt Pathway involves the accumulation of β-catenin
Casein kinase 1 isoform epsilon
Casein_kinase_1_isoform_epsilon
Application of quantum mechanics and chemistry to biology
concept, there have been multiple controversial results in experiments. In some experiments, animals are able to distinguish smells between molecules of
Quantum_biology
Class of enzymes
hypoglycemia similar to that is caused by HMGCS2 mutations but also leads to organic acid accumulation and metabolic acidosis due to altered leucine metabolism
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA_lyase
Change in allele frequencies that occurs over time within a population
time within a population. This change is due to four different processes: mutation, selection (natural and artificial), gene flow and genetic drift. This
Microevolution
Rare, severe disease of lysosomal storage
results in death by the age of 15. Tay–Sachs disease is caused by a genetic mutation in the HEXA gene on chromosome 15, which codes a subunit of the hexosaminidase
Tay–Sachs_disease
Protein found in humans
alpha-synuclein accumulate within neurons as inclusions known as Lewy bodies. Mutations in the SNCA gene are linked to familial forms of Parkinson's disease.
Alpha-synuclein
Class of membrane transport proteins
the movement of ions through proteins in real-time. The discovery of mutations in uniporters has been linked to diseases such as GLUT1 deficiency syndrome
Uniporter
Mammalian protein found in humans
macular degeneration. From this experiment, it was concluded that ABCR has a significant role in clearing accumulation of ATR/NR-PE to prevent formation
ABCA4
Protein folding hypothesis
process, which would be hard to destroy by mutation given maintained stability. To be more specific, a mutation can occur that leads to blockage of a routes
Folding_funnel
Concept in political economics
surveillance capitalism and translated it into "a new logic of accumulation". This mutation resulted in both companies collecting very large numbers of data
Surveillance_capitalism
Overview of and topical guide to change in the heritable characteristics of organisms
characteristics of biological organisms over generations due to natural selection, mutation, gene flow, and genetic drift. Also known as descent with modification
Outline_of_evolution
Biological process of getting older
or to the population of a species. In humans, ageing represents the accumulation of changes in a human being over time and can encompass physical, psychological
Ageing
Beginning in the 1970s, experiments conducted by Ron Konopka and colleagues, in which forward genetic methods were used to induce mutation, revealed that Drosophila
Transcription translation feedback loop
Transcription_translation_feedback_loop
Protein-coding gene in Drosophila melanogaster
controlling the biological clock that regulates circadian rhythms. Various mutations in the DBT gene have been observed to cause alterations in the period
Doubletime_(gene)
Medical condition
deficiency is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder marked by an accumulation of galactose and galactitol secondary to the decreased conversion of
Galactokinase_deficiency
irreversible accumulation of deleterious mutations in asexual organisms. Asexual organisms do not undergo gene exchange and therefore cannot recreate mutation-free
Bacteriophage experimental evolution
Bacteriophage_experimental_evolution
Sub-field of genomics
alterations in cancer. Cancer is a genetic disease caused by accumulation of DNA mutations and epigenetic alterations leading to unrestrained cell proliferation
Oncogenomics
Type of unintended effects of genetic modification techniques
modifications. Specifically, off-target effects consist of unintended point mutations, deletions, insertions inversions, and translocations. Designer nuclease
Off-target_genome_editing
Cultural idea that spreads through imitation
evolution. Memes do this through processes analogous to those of variation, mutation, competition, and inheritance, each of which influences a meme's reproductive
Meme
Sudden and large mutational change
biology, saltation (from Latin saltus 'leap, jump') is a sudden and large mutational change from one generation to the next, potentially causing single-step
Saltation_(biology)
American circadian biologist
the University of Virginia where he most notably helped discover the tau mutation in golden hamsters. In 1998, he joined the University of Toronto as a Professor
Martin_R._Ralph
accumulate chromosomal alterations but also abundant mutations in cancer driver genes. Age-associated accumulation of chromosomal alterations has been documented
Human_somatic_variation
Filament protein
the final step of lamin processing does not occur, resulting in an accumulation of farnesyl-prelamin A. In Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome, a 50-amino
Prelamin-A/C
Protein kinase that detects DNA damage and halts cell division
strand breakage across the genome. The accumulation of these double strand breaks could lead to cell death. Mutations in ATR are responsible for Seckel syndrome
Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related
Ataxia_telangiectasia_and_Rad3_related
Concept in genetics
needed for deterministic loss by mutation accumulation. In both cases, the time to fixation is dominated by mutation via the term 1/m, and is less affected
Genetic_drift
Hypothesis in biology
replication errors would allow adult stem cells to reduce their rate of accumulation of mutations that could lead to serious genetic disorders such as cancer. After
Immortal DNA strand hypothesis
Immortal_DNA_strand_hypothesis
Protein-coding gene in humans
two hour expression cycle was highlighted in an experiment where mice expressing HES7 with a mutation that allowed for a longer half life while retaining
HES7
Type of blood cancer
increased and unregulated growth of myeloid cells in the bone marrow and the accumulation of these cells in the blood. CML is a clonal bone marrow stem cell disorder
Chronic_myelogenous_leukemia
Study of cell metabolism in the development of cancer
loss-of-function or gain-of-function mutations in specific enzymes involved in their production, the accumulation of these endogenous metabolites initiates
Oncometabolism
Genus of unicellular ciliates
recipient. These experiments indicated that the macronucleus, rather than the cytoplasm, is responsible for clonal aging. Other experiments by Smith-Sonneborn
Paramecium
Human disease caused by deficiency of a muscle enzyme
very late in life (70+ years of age) due to a recessive homozygous PYGM mutation (p. Lys42Profs*48) resulting in severe upper and lower limb atrophy, with
Glycogen storage disease type V
Glycogen_storage_disease_type_V
sequences as the original fragment. These types of experiments help to determine the effect of various mutations on pre-mRNA splicing. Once a suitable genomic
Minigene
Medical discipline focused on the practical reversal of the aging process
boredom induces them to undertake activities of extreme risk. Aging is the accumulation of damage to macromolecules, cells, tissues and organs in and on the
Rejuvenation
Chemical compound
mutation leads to the accumulation of biosynthetic intermediates eremofortin A and B. The nonfunctional allele resulting from this nonsense mutation is
PR_toxin
American oncologist (born 1949)
colorectal cancers revealed that they result from the sequential accumulation of mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. These studies now form
Bert_Vogelstein
Pathogenic type of misfolded protein
into amyloid fibrils, while the pathogenic mutations exacerbate this behaviour and lead to excess accumulation. Alzheimer's disease is a form of dementia
Prion
Inherited neurodegenerative disorder
earliest pathological changes, and some experiments have found that they can be toxic for the cell, but other experiments have shown that they may form as part
Huntington's_disease
Region of often-methylated DNA with a cytosine followed by a guanine
expected frequency. This underrepresentation is a consequence of the high mutation rate of methylated CpG sites: the spontaneously occurring deamination of
CpG_site
Distinct pattern of nucleotides in molecular biology
or NF-Y) are able to bind to the CCAAT motif. Experiments in many laboratories have shown that mutations to the CCAAT motif that cause a loss of CBF binding
CAAT_box
Form of dynamic modification
(May 2008). "Frequent BRG1/SMARCA4-inactivating mutations in human lung cancer cell lines". Human Mutation. 29 (5): 617–22. doi:10.1002/humu.20730. PMID 18386774
Chromatin_remodeling
Fusion of natural selection with Mendelian inheritance
include natural selection, working on heritable variation supplied by mutation. Other major figures in the synthesis included E. B. Ford, Bernhard Rensch
Modern synthesis (20th century)
Modern_synthesis_(20th_century)
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
transplantation experiments, vaccine development and hematopoiesis research. Also, the RAG2 mutation can be combined with other mutations in order to develop
RAG2
High-energy particle, mainly originating outside the Solar System
stated in 1931 that "thanks to the fine experiments of Professor Millikan and the even more far-reaching experiments of Professor Regener, we have now got
Cosmic_ray
Free radical toxicity
Aβ accumulation and suggests that oxidative DNA damage may contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. AD is associated with an accumulation of
Oxidative_stress
Existential threat from biological sources
cost of sequencing the human genome (from $10 million to $1,000), the accumulation of large datasets of genetic information, the discovery of gene drives
Biotechnology_risk
Interconnected biochemical reactions releasing energy
2-hydroxyglutarate which is produced through a heterozygous gain-of-function mutation (specifically a neomorphic one) in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) (which
Citric_acid_cycle
Aggregation of misfolded proteins in cells
transferable signals that target aggregation-prone polypeptides to aggresomes. Accumulation of misfolded proteins in proteinaceous inclusions is common to many age-related
Aggresome
Type of cancer
treatment is required in acute leukemia because of the rapid progression and accumulation of the malignant cells, which then spill over into the bloodstream and
Leukemia
Type of genomic instability
pervasive mechanism in cancer genetic instability than simple accumulation of point mutations. The degree of instability varies between cancer types. For
Chromosome_instability
MUTATION ACCUMULATION-EXPERIMENTS
MUTATION ACCUMULATION-EXPERIMENTS
Boy/Male
Arabic
Duration; Endurance
Surname or Lastname
English and North German
English and North German : variant of Bertram.William Bartram, a Quaker, had a large farm near Darby, PA, when his eldest son, John, the first American botanist, was born in 1699. John conducted botanical experiments at his own farm in Kingsessing, PA, near Philadelphia.
Female
English
English unisex form of Hebrew Terach, TERAH means "delay" and "station." In the bible, this is the name of a place in the wilderness where the Israelites stopped on their Exodus. It is also the name of the father of Abraham.
Biblical
station;
Female
English
(תֶּרַח) English feminine form of Hebrew Terach, TARAH means "delay" and "station." In the bible, this is the name of a place in the wilderness where the Israelites stopped on their Exodus. Variant spelling of English Tara, meaning "hill."Â
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Long Life; Age; Duration of Life; Lineage
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Mutton.
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly Devon)
English (chiefly Devon) : nickname for someone thought to resemble a sheep (e.g. a gentle but unimaginative person), or metonymic occupational name for a shepherd, from Anglo-Norman French muto(u)n ‘sheep’ (Old French mouton, probably of Gaulish origin; compare Breton maout ‘sheep’).
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit
A Sort of Sound Imitation; Like a River Flow
Surname or Lastname
English
English : Reaney identifies this as a habitational name from Roselands Farm in Ulcombe, Kent. However, he gives only one (late) citation, and the surname, if it exists at all in the United Kingdom, is now very rare.Americanized form of Norwegian Røys(e)land, a habitational name from about 30 farmsteads, many in Agder, named from Old Norse reysi ‘heap of stones’ + land ‘land’, ‘farmstead’.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
One who Entrusts his Affairs to the Management of Another
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Sanskrit, Telugu
Never Ending; Persistence; Continuity; Perpetuity; Eternity; Uninterrupted Duration; Diligence; Conscientiousness; Truthful; Straightforward; Honest
Male
Greek
(ΠαÏαμονιμος) Ancient Greek name possibly derived from the word paramone, PARAMONIMOS means "constant, enduring," or composed of para "beside, beyond" and the name Monimos "to be favorable, pleasing." In ancient Greece there was a slave contract known as the paramone; though of limited duration, it was the most restrictive type of slavery, giving the master absolute rights.
Male
Hebrew
(תֶּרַח) Hebrew name TERACH means "delay" and "station." In the bible, this is the name of a place in the wilderness where the Israelites stopped on their Exodus. It is also the name of the father of Abraham.
Boy/Male
Hebrew
Accumulating.
Male
English
Anglicized form of Hebrew Terach, TAHATH means "delay" and "station." In the bible, this is the name of a place in the wilderness where the Israelites stopped on their Exodus.Â
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly Northamptonshire)
English (chiefly Northamptonshire) : probably from the obsolete slang term facer, denoting a braggart or bully. The earliest citation for this term in OED is c. 1515.Americanized spelling of German Feeser.
Male
English
Anglicized unisex form of Hebrew Terach, TERAH means "delay" and "station." In the bible, this is the name of a place in the wilderness where the Israelites stopped on their Exodus. It is also the name of the father of Abraham.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone who lived by a hill used as a lookout station, from an unattested Old English tÅt hyll ‘lookout hill’, or a habitational name from some place named with this word, for example Tootle Heights in Lancashire, Tothill in Lincolnshire, or Tuttle Hill in Warwickshire. This surname became established in Ireland in the 17th century, and is now more common in Ireland than England.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Joslin.English : nickname from Middle English gosling ‘young goose’ (from Old English gÅs + the Germanic suffix -ling, partly in imitation of Old Norse gæslingr from gás).German : from a short form of a Germanic personal name formed with god, got ‘god’ or gÅd ‘good’.
MUTATION ACCUMULATION-EXPERIMENTS
MUTATION ACCUMULATION-EXPERIMENTS
Boy/Male
Indian
Generous
Boy/Male
British, English
Son of Little will
Girl/Female
English American
Fair; good-looking.
Girl/Female
American, British, English
A Combination of Initials K and C; Alert; Vigorous
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sindhi, Telugu
Ganga River
Girl/Female
Arabic, Indian, Swahili, Tamil
Woman; Life; Lively; Wife of Hindu God
Boy/Male
Hindu
Shinning, Decoration, Light
Girl/Female
Latin American
Femininefrom the Roman family name Fabius. Bean.
Boy/Male
Sikh
Peaceful and equipoised person
Girl/Female
Tamil
Vignya | விகà¯à®¨à¯à®¯
Obstacle
MUTATION ACCUMULATION-EXPERIMENTS
MUTATION ACCUMULATION-EXPERIMENTS
MUTATION ACCUMULATION-EXPERIMENTS
MUTATION ACCUMULATION-EXPERIMENTS
MUTATION ACCUMULATION-EXPERIMENTS
n.
A portion of a book or document, separately transcribed; a citation; a quotation.
n.
Change; alteration; mutation.
n.
The spot or place where anything stands, especially where a person or thing habitually stands, or is appointed to remain for a time; as, the station of a sentinel.
a.
Characterized by accumulation; serving to collect or amass; cumulative; additional.
n.
The concurrence of several titles to the same proof.
v. t.
To place; to set; to appoint or assign to the occupation of a post, place, or office; as, to station troops on the right of an army; to station a sentinel on a rampart; to station ships on the coasts of Africa.
prep.
Addition; union; accumulation.
a.
Pertaining to, or resulting from, rotation; of the nature of, or characterized by, rotation; as, rotational velocity.
n.
Citation; quotation
n.
The act of accumulating, the state of being accumulated, or that which is accumulated; as, an accumulation of earth, of sand, of evils, of wealth, of honors.
n.
A heaping up; accumulation.
n.
A table showing the notation, length, or duration of the several notes.
n.
Enumeration; mention; as, a citation of facts.
n.
An accumulation; a heap.
n.
The act of citing a passage from a book, or from another person, in his own words; also, the passage or words quoted; quotation.
n.
A heap; accumulation.
n.
An apparatus by means of which energy or power can be stored, such as the cylinder or tank for storing water for hydraulic elevators, the secondary or storage battery used for accumulating the energy of electrical charges, etc.
n.
The act of heaping together; a heap. See Accumulation.
n.
An accumulation of any substance.