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Difference in DNA among individuals or populations
multiple sources of genetic variation include mutation and genetic recombination. Mutations are the ultimate sources of genetic variation, but other mechanisms
Genetic_variation
Genetic diversity in human populations
Human genetic variation is the genetic differences in and among populations. There may be multiple variants of any given gene in the human population (alleles)
Human_genetic_variation
Topics referred to by the same term
Genetic variation may refer to Genetic diversity Genetic variability Genetic variance Genetic variation Genetic variant (disambiguation) This disambiguation
Genetic variation (disambiguation)
Genetic_variation_(disambiguation)
Total number of genetic characteristics in a species
Genetic diversity is the total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species. It ranges widely, from the number of species to differences
Genetic_diversity
Science of genes, heredity and variation
Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms. It is an important branch in biology because heredity is vital to organisms'
Genetics
1972 scientific paper by Richard Lewontin
analysis of genetic diversity among people from different conventionally defined races. His main finding, that there is more genetic variation within these
The Apportionment of Human Diversity
The_Apportionment_of_Human_Diversity
Pattern of similarities in human populations
aspect of human genetic variation. Clustering studies are thought to be valuable for characterizing the general structure of genetic variation among human
Human_genetic_clustering
Range of possible values for any characteristic of human beings
significant variation not just between populations but also between the sexes. Human variability is attributed to a combination of environmental and genetic sources
Human_variability
Sharp reduction in the size of a population
Such events can reduce the variation in the gene pool of a population; thereafter, a smaller population, with a smaller genetic diversity, remains to pass
Population_bottleneck
Interbreeding between isolated populations
populations. Similarly, climate-associated genetic variants may move more quickly by admixture than background variation across the genome. Admixture mapping
Genetic_admixture
Concept in genetics
drift may cause alleles to disappear completely and thereby reduce genetic variation. It can also cause initially rare alleles to become much more frequent
Genetic_drift
Species of lizard
legs. Studies demonstrate that Mexican mole lizards have very low genetic variation among the three allopatric species found in the genus Bipes. All three
Mexican_mole_lizard
Relevance of genotype to race classification
human variation and their relations to ancestry and racial groups, including studies of individual traits, studies of large populations and genetic clusters
Race_and_genetics
Grouping by physical or social qualities
based genetic variation in our species, but shows that such variation is not consistent with biological definitions of race. Nor does that variation map
Race_(human_categorization)
Alteration in the nucleotide sequence of a genome
including junctional diversity. Mutation is the ultimate source of all genetic variation, providing the raw material on which evolutionary forces such as natural
Mutation
very difficult to distinguish genetically, likely due to either hybridization, the retention of ancestral genetic variation or both. The phenotypes of mallard
Mallard_complex
Species having two or more distinct forms
corresponds to a branch in the genetic tree. See below. Polymorphism is common in nature; it is related to biodiversity, genetic variation, and adaptation. Polymorphism
Polymorphism_(biology)
Change in the heritable traits of populations
their genetic characteristics and in the numbers of their surviving offspring. Mutation introduces new genetic variation, and processes such as genetic drift
Evolution
Composite of the organism's observable characteristics or traits
Phenotypic variation is a fundamental prerequisite for evolution by natural selection. Not all phenotypic variation is caused by underlying heritable genetic variation
Phenotype
Mechanism of evolution by differential reproduction
genetic drift proposes that this variation accounts for a large fraction of observed genetic diversity. Neutral events can radically reduce genetic variation
Natural_selection
Passing of traits to offspring from the species' parents or ancestor
division or two cells combining genomes, respectively. Through heredity, genetic variations in populations can accumulate and cause species to evolve by natural
Heredity
Subfield of genetics
models. Natural selection will only cause evolution if there is enough genetic variation in a population. Before the discovery of Mendelian genetics, one common
Population_genetics
Percent of variation in IQ scores in a given population associated with genetic variation
quotient (IQ) inquires into the degree of variation in IQ within a population that is associated with genetic variation between individuals in that population
Heritability_of_IQ
People of Andaman archipelago
divergent from other Asian populations. The Andamanese show a very small genetic variation, which is indicative of populations that have experienced a population
Andamanese_peoples
Topics referred to by the same term
the moon Genetic variation, the difference in DNA among individuals or the differences between populations Human genetic variation, genetic differences
Variation
Competitive algorithm for searching a problem space
A genetic algorithm (GA) is a metaheuristic inspired by the process of natural selection that belongs to the larger class of evolutionary algorithms (EA)
Genetic_algorithm
Genetic algorithm Genetic architecture Genetic carrier Genetic code Genetic counseling Genetic deletion Genetic determinism Genetic disorder Genetic diversity
Index_of_genetics_articles
Conundrum in sexual selection behaviour
conundrum in evolutionary biology that addresses the persistence of genetic variation in male traits within lek mating systems, despite strong sexual selection
Lek_paradox
Effect when genes source into a phenotype
one locus). Variation in phenotypes across a population arises from the interaction between environmental variation and genetic variation between individuals
Additive_genetic_effects
Single nucleotide in genomic DNA at which different sequence alternatives exist
an illness or response to treatments may also be manifestations of genetic variations caused by SNPs. For example, two common SNPs in the APOE gene, rs429358
Single-nucleotide polymorphism
Single-nucleotide_polymorphism
Product of reproduction of an organism
cloning begins with the removal of the nucleus from an egg, which holds the genetic material. In order to clone an organ, a stem cell is to be produced and
Offspring
Loss of genetic variation in a new population
In population genetics, the founder effect is the loss of genetic variation that occurs when a new population is established by a very small number of
Founder_effect
Transfer of genetic variation from one population to another
of the groups, thus preventing the development of differences in genetic variation that would have led to differentiation and adaptation for this reason
Gene_flow
Different genetic causes for the same disease
phenotypic heterogeneity refers to the variation in disease expression, where individuals with the same genetic mutation may present with different clinical
Genetic_heterogeneity
Population with low external genetic mixing
examples of hereditary variety, such as genetic differences that cause genetic isolation. Genetic variations are often unequally distributed over a species'
Genetic_isolate
Medical test to identify changes in DNA or chromosomes
Genetic testing, also known as DNA testing, is used to identify changes in DNA sequence or chromosome structure. Genetic testing can also include measuring
Genetic_testing
2021 book by Kathryn Paige Harden
human genetic variation needs to be acknowledged in order to create a fair and equal society. Harden encourages people to conceptualize genetic predispositions
The_Genetic_Lottery
Species of spider
occur, but at low rates, random mating allows genetic diversity to occur. Migration promotes genetic variation due to decreasing the rates of inbreeding through
Stegodyphus_lineatus
Species of bird
since research published in 2006 demonstrated morphological, vocal, and genetic differences between the two populations. The latter species was itself
Northern_rockhopper_penguin
Reduced fitness as a result of inbreeding
low genetic variation restricts a species' ability to adapt. Biological fitness refers to an organism's capability to survive and transmit its genetic material
Inbreeding_depression
Estimation of effect of genetic variation on phenotypic variation of a trait
genetics that estimates the degree of variation in a phenotypic trait in a population that is due to genetic variation between individuals in that population
Heritability
Genetic process
frequency of 1) in a population leads to the reduction or elimination of genetic variation among nucleotide sequences that are near the mutation site. In selective
Selective_sweep
Global initiative to collect human genetic variation
human genetic variation affecting human health. Its mission is to improve health outcomes by facilitating the unification of data on human genetic variation
Human_Variome_Project
Species of plant
Portal. Retrieved 2025-10-19. Godt, Mary Jo W.; Hamrick, J. L. (1993). "Genetic Diversity and Population Structure in Tradescantia Hirsuticaulis (commelinaceae)"
Tradescantia_hirsuticaulis
Breed of cat
; Grahn, J. C.; Grahn, R. A.; Lyons, L. A. (2012). "Variation of cats under domestication: Genetic assignment of domestic cats to breeds and worldwide
Turkish_Angora
Cell division producing haploid gametes
and recombinant chromatids. This genetic diversity resulting from sexual reproduction contributes to the variation in traits upon which natural selection
Meiosis
Species of some organisms facing a very high risk of extinction
Species become endangered due mainly to habitat depletion and loss of genetic variation. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List
Endangered_species
cell viability and health, however, can provide genetic variation to a population. To maintain genetic integrity and continuity, DNA polymerases replicate
Fidelity_(molecular_biology)
Genetic variation in the MTHFR gene
C677T or rs1801133 is a genetic variation—a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)—in the MTHFR gene. Among Americans the frequency of T-homozygosity ranges
Rs1801133
Evolutionary biology hypothesis
to mutations. This means that living systems accumulate genetic variation without the variation having a phenotypic effect. But when the system is disturbed
Evolutionary_capacitance
Jewish diaspora of Central Europe
In genetic epidemiology, a genome-wide association study is an examination of most or all of the genome to determine the extent of genetic variation between
Ashkenazi_Jews
Study of genetics in natural populations
natural populations may be taken back to the laboratory for their genetic variation to be analyzed. Changes in the populations at different times and
Ecological_genetics
International research effort on genetic variation
research effort to establish the most detailed catalogue of human genetic variation at the time. Scientists planned to sequence the genomes of at least
1000_Genomes_Project
Set of genetic variations in populations
The variome is the whole set of genetic variations found in populations of species that have gone through a relatively short evolution change. For example
Variome
picked up the thread in 1885, arguing that sex serves to generate genetic variation, as detailed in the majority of the explanations below. On the other
Evolution of sexual reproduction
Evolution_of_sexual_reproduction
Theory of evolution by changes at the molecular level
theory of evolution holds that most of the genetic variation within and between species is due to random genetic drift of mutant alleles that are selectively
Neutral theory of molecular evolution
Neutral_theory_of_molecular_evolution
Measure of the ability of a population to produce the same phenotype
thus buffering against genetic variation in those pathways. hsp83 mutants would therefore release the cryptic genetic variation, resulting in a diversity
Canalisation_(genetics)
Species of hominid in the genus Homo
average over 99% genetically similar, with the most genetically diverse populations from Africa. The greatest degree of genetic variation exists between
Human
Evolutionary process
source of all genetic variation, there would be no genetic changes and no subsequent adaptation through evolution by natural selection. Genetic change occurs
Adaptation
Subfield of genetics that studies biological invasions
importance of genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity in adaptation to new environments, and the effect of population bottlenecks on genetic variation. Since
Invasion_genetics
DNA analysis of Turkish populations
such as those of Turkic speakers, also contributed. However, the genetic variation of various populations in Central Asia "has been poorly characterized";
Genetic studies on Turkish people
Genetic_studies_on_Turkish_people
genetic variation Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Europe Romani people#Genetic evidence Genetics by European group Genetic history of Italy Genetic history
Genetic_history_of_Europe
Problematic excessive alcohol consumption
vulnerable to liver disease. There are genetic variations that affect the risk for alcoholism. Some of these variations are more common in individuals with
Alcoholism
Biologist who studies genes and genetic technologies and processes
heredity, and variation of organisms. A geneticist can be employed as a scientist or a lecturer. Geneticists may perform general research on genetic processes
Geneticist
Statistical effects of small numbers on a population
population size is only 60. Genetic drift: Genetic variation is determined by the joint action of natural selection and genetic drift (chance). In small
Small_population_size
Link between a disease and the causal genetic entity
proportion of phenotypic variation that can be attributed to genetic variation or the proportion of variance attributed to genetic variation. Disease gene identification
Genetic_association
Fusion of gametes from the same individual
mutations. Meiosis followed by self-pollination results in little genetic variation, raising the question of how meiosis in self-pollinating plants is
Autogamy
East Asian ethnic group
there's genetic evidence that Northwestern Han Chinese cluster more with Central and Southwestern Han Chinese than with local minorities. Variation notwithstanding
Han_Chinese
for termination of signalling. Rare human genetic mutations are catalogued in the human genetic variation databases which can reportedly result in creation
Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif
Immunoreceptor_tyrosine-based_activation_motif
Property of being from the same kinship as another person
results will not receive their marriage grant. Genetically, consanguinity derives from the reduction in variation due to meiosis that occurs because of the
Consanguinity
American geneticist
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. She is most notable for her papers regarding genetic variation in taste and obesity in mice and humans. Reed has a Ph.D. in psychology
Danielle_Reed
Family of large biological molecules
of nucleotides. Cellular organisms use messenger RNA (mRNA) to convey genetic information (using the nitrogenous bases of guanine, uracil, adenine, and
RNA
and 1980s provided researchers with the tools needed to study human genetic variation and the genetics of human populations to discover founder populations
Genetic history of the Middle East
Genetic_history_of_the_Middle_East
Overview of and topical guide to change in the heritable characteristics of organisms
Loss of genetic variation in a new population Coalescent theory – Model for tracing the history of genetic variation Variation Genetic variation – Difference
Outline_of_evolution
Study of genetic-environment interactions influencing behaviour
underlying trait variation. Some behavioural genetic designs are useful not to understand genetic influences on behaviour, but to control for genetic influences
Behavioural_genetics
Complete set of nucleic acid sequences for humans
aspects of human biology involve both genetic (inherited) and non-genetic (environmental) factors. Some inherited variation influences aspects of our biology
Human_genome
Stanford University scientific project
comprehensive resource of genetic variation from underrepresented human populations and illuminating patterns of genetic variation, demographic history and
Human Genome Diversity Project
Human_Genome_Diversity_Project
Ability of genes to allow reproduction
maintain genetic viability is where the loss of genetic variation because of small population size (genetic drift) is equal to genetic variation gained
Genetic_viability
Enzyme
activity has a number of consequences, detailed in section § Inhibition and genetic deficiency below. In the overall Japanese population, about 57% of individuals
ALDH2
Study of what affects viral life spans
dynamics in an effort to shed light on how these dynamics impact viral genetic variation. Transmission dynamics can be considered at the level of cells within
Viral_phylodynamics
Measurement of genetic variations
is the measurement of more general genetic variation. SNPs are one of the most common types of genetic variation. An SNP is a single base pair mutation
SNP_genotyping
Type of genetic selection favoring one extreme phenotype
the Galápagos Islands two million years ago); The genetic context offers sufficient heritable variation and involves relatively minor interactions or correlations
Directional_selection
Plant genetic resources materials and uses
The first use of plant genetic resources dates to more than 10,000 years ago, when farmers selected from the genetic variation they found in wild plants
Plant_genetic_resources
DNA analysis of Gujarati populations
that they are considerably hetero-genetic and have small genetic difference among them which is due to genetic variation. It also showed that Vasava and
Genetic studies on Gujarati people
Genetic_studies_on_Gujarati_people
Exceptionally large ant colony
1007/s00040-016-0524-9 Success of Introduced Argentine Ants Tied to Reduced Genetic Variation. Kim McDonald, University of California, May 2000 Supercolonies of
Ant_supercolony
Protein involved in cell adhesion, cell growth, cell migration and differentiation
specific genetic variation in Fibronectin gene was shown to reduce the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease in a multicenter, multiethnic genetic epidemiology
Fibronectin
Semitic-speaking ethnic group in Ethiopia
Amharan genome. Instead, Amharan hemoglobin levels are controlled by a genetic variation known as rs10803083. In both groups, however, the effects are pronounced
Amhara_people
e., affected by standing genetic variation at hundreds or thousands of loci. Under normal conditions, the genetic variation underlying such traits is
Polygenic_adaptation
Austronesian ethnolinguistic group
individuals from a larger population, which also causes a loss of genetic variation. Soares et al. (2008) argued for an older pre-Holocene Sundaland origin
Polynesians
Measurement of population polymorphism
how many sequences you sample. Nucleotide diversity is a measure of genetic variation. It is usually associated with other statistical measures of population
Nucleotide_diversity
Study of the role of the genome in drug response
how the genetic makeup of a patient affects their response to drugs. It deals with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response
Pharmacogenomics
Reproduction by closely related organisms
populations where the genetic variation is already limited. By inbreeding, individuals are further decreasing genetic variation by increasing homozygosity
Inbreeding
Use of laboratory and field experiments to explore evolutionary dynamics
beneficial mutation. The other is from allele frequency change in standing genetic variation already present in a population of organisms. Other evolutionary forces
Experimental_evolution
Species of fungus
different climates and environments, it displays low genetic variation and a lack of population genetic differentiation on a global scale. Thus, the capability
Aspergillus_fumigatus
Protein found in humans
protein which in humans is encoded by the FCER1A gene. In FCER1A most genetic variation studied occurs in the regulatory regions rather than the coding regions
FCER1A
Study of genes and heredity in plants
Plant genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in plants. It is generally considered a field of biology and botany, but also intersects
Plant_genetics
Use of imaging to evaluate genetic variation
physiological imaging technologies as phenotypic assays to evaluate genetic variation. Scientists that first used the term imaging genetics were interested
Imaging_genetics
Species of flowering plant
Chester, M.; Lexer, C.; Kirkup, D. (2007), "A Preliminary Study of Genetic Variation in Populations of Monstera adansonii var. klotzschiana (Araceae) from
Monstera_adansonii
Occurrence in an interbreeding population of two or more discontinuous genotypes
location. The single nucleotide polymorphism is the most common form of genetic variation. Small-scale insertions/deletions (Indels) consist of insertions or
Gene_polymorphism
Genetic variation in viruses of mutations in virus genes that code virus proteins
Antigenic drift is a kind of genetic variation in viruses, arising from the accumulation of mutations in the virus genes that code for virus-surface proteins
Antigenic_drift
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