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Music genre
New Complexity is a composition school in 20th-century classical music where composers seek a "complex, multi-layered interplay of evolutionary processes
New_Complexity
Feature of systems that defy description
Complexity characterizes the behavior of a system or model whose components interact in multiple ways and follow local rules, leading to non-linearity
Complexity
Post-1945 period in classical music
Rhys Chatham. New Complexity is a current within today's[when?] European contemporary avant-garde music scene, named in reaction to the New Simplicity.
Contemporary_classical_music
Measure of the structural complexity of a software program
Cyclomatic complexity is a software metric used to indicate the complexity of a program. It is a quantitative measure of the number of linearly independent
Cyclomatic_complexity
Branch of mathematical logic
Descriptive complexity is a branch of computational complexity theory and of finite model theory that characterizes complexity classes by the type of logic
Descriptive_complexity_theory
Measure of algorithmic complexity
theory (a subfield of computer science and mathematics), the Kolmogorov complexity of an object, such as a piece of text, is the length of a shortest computer
Kolmogorov_complexity
Amount of resources to perform an algorithm
In computer science, the computational complexity or simply complexity of an algorithm is the amount of resources required to run it. Particular focus
Computational_complexity
Set of problems in computational complexity theory
In computational complexity theory, a complexity class is a set of computational problems "of related resource-based complexity". The two most commonly
Complexity_class
Inherent difficulty of computational problems
In theoretical computer science and mathematics, computational complexity theory focuses on classifying computational problems according to their resource
Computational complexity theory
Computational_complexity_theory
Canon of the greatest Chinese novels
are among the world's longest and oldest novels. They represented a new complexity in structure and sophistication in language that helped to establish
Classic_Chinese_Novels
System composed of many interacting components
written at length on the complexity of cities. Over the last decades, within the emerging field of complexity economics, new predictive tools have been
Complex_system
Application of complexity science to economics
Complexity economics, or economic complexity, is the application of complexity science to the problems of economics. It relaxes several common assumptions
Complexity_economics
Estimate of time taken for running an algorithm
the time complexity is the computational complexity that describes the amount of computer time it takes to run an algorithm. Time complexity is commonly
Time_complexity
1st millennium BCE slab bearing Olmec inscriptions
civilization to literacy, document an unsuspected writing system, and reveal a new complexity to [the Olmec] civilization." The Cascajal Block was discovered by road
Cascajal_Block
British composer (born 1943)
composer. Ferneyhough is typically considered the central figure of the New Complexity movement. Ferneyhough has taught composition at the Hochschule für Musik
Brian_Ferneyhough
1948 painting by Jackson Pollock
concept remained unmistakably present, but affirmed and fulfilled by a new complexity and depth of linear interplay. It was, and still is a masterful display
No._5,_1948
Complexity class used to classify decision problems
problems in computer science In computational complexity theory, NP (nondeterministic polynomial time) is a complexity class used to classify decision problems
NP_(complexity)
Complexity class (logarithmic space)
In computational complexity theory, L (also known as LSPACE, LOGSPACE or DLOGSPACE) is the complexity class containing decision problems that can be solved
L_(complexity)
Measurement of computational complexity
computational complexity theory, asymptotic computational complexity is the use of asymptotic analysis for the estimation of the computational complexity of algorithms
Asymptotic computational complexity
Asymptotic_computational_complexity
Complexity of sending information in a distributed algorithm
In theoretical computer science, communication complexity studies the amount of communication required to solve a problem when the input to the problem
Communication_complexity
Model of computational complexity
In theoretical computer science, circuit complexity is a branch of computational complexity theory in which Boolean functions are classified according
Circuit_complexity
Notion in combinatorial game theory
Combinatorial game theory measures game complexity in several ways: State-space complexity (the number of legal game positions from the initial position)
Game_complexity
Broad tradition of Western art music
Trends of the mid-20th century to the present day include New Simplicity, New Complexity, Minimalism, Spectral music, and more recently Postmodern music
Classical_music
2006 book by Manuel DeLanda
A New Philosophy of Society: Assemblage Theory and Social Complexity is a 2006 book by the philosopher Manuel DeLanda. The book is an attempt to loosely
A_New_Philosophy_of_Society
English composer and pianist
label, he is often regarded as one of the foremost composers of the New Complexity movement. Michael Finnissy was born in Tulse Hill, London, on 17 March
Michael_Finnissy
American professional electronic sports organization
Complexity Gaming, formerly stylized as compLexity, was an American esports franchise headquartered in Frisco, Texas. The franchise was founded in 2003
Complexity_Gaming
Conceptual framework
sociology, social complexity is a conceptual framework used in the analysis of society. In the sciences, contemporary definitions of complexity are found in
Social_complexity
Computer memory needed by an algorithm
The space complexity of an algorithm or a data structure is the amount of memory space required to solve an instance of the computational problem as a
Space_complexity
Book by Ricardo Hausmann
The Atlas of Economic Complexity: Mapping Paths to Prosperity is a 2011 economics book by Ricardo Hausmann, Cesar A. Hidalgo, Sebastián Bustos, Michele
The Atlas of Economic Complexity
The_Atlas_of_Economic_Complexity
Information-based complexity (IBC) studies optimal algorithms and computational complexity for the continuous problems that arise in physical science,
Information-based_complexity
Concept in psychology
Cognitive complexity describes cognition along a simplicity-complexity axis. It is the subject of academic study in fields including personal construct
Cognitive_complexity
Computational complexity of quantum algorithms
Quantum complexity theory is the subfield of computational complexity theory that deals with complexity classes defined using quantum computers, a computational
Quantum_complexity_theory
Holistic measure of the productive capabilities of large economic systems
The Economic Complexity Index (ECI) is a holistic measure of the productive capabilities of large economic systems, usually cities, regions, or countries
Economic_Complexity_Index
English composer (born 1957)
with the New Complexity school and the song: "Relaxed Scene". According to fellow English composer and music scholar Christopher Fox, in The New Grove Dictionary
James_Clarke_(composer)
Branch of computational complexity theory
In computer science, parameterized complexity is a branch of computational complexity theory that focuses on classifying computational problems according
Parameterized_complexity
Complexity measure in computer science
The Lempel–Ziv complexity is a measure that was first presented in the article On the Complexity of Finite Sequences (IEEE Trans. On IT-22,1 1976), by
Lempel–Ziv_complexity
Class of problems solvable in polynomial time
In computational complexity theory, P, also known as PTIME or DTIME(nO(1)), is a fundamental complexity class. It contains all decision problems that can
P_(complexity)
Piano piece by Kaikhosru Shapurji Sorabji
4–4+1⁄2 hours to play, depending on tempi. However, various works by New Complexity, modernist and avant-garde composers, along with Sorabji himself, have
Opus_clavicembalisticum
Aspect of music
increased complexity to disrupt the sense of a regular beat, leading eventually to the widespread use of irrational rhythms in New Complexity. This use
Rhythm
Class in computational complexity theory
}{=}}{\mathsf {P}}} More unsolved problems in computer science In computational complexity theory, the class NC (for Nick's class) is the set of decision problems
NC_(complexity)
Complexity class consisting of all recursive languages
and complexity over the real numbers: NP-completeness, recursive functions and universal machines", Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, New Series
R_(complexity)
In computational complexity theory, CC (Comparator Circuits) is the complexity class containing decision problems which can be solved by comparator circuits
CC_(complexity)
computational complexity theory of computer science, the structural complexity theory or simply structural complexity is the study of complexity classes, rather
Structural_complexity_theory
Self-complexity is a person's perceived knowledge of themself, based upon the number of distinct cognitive structures, or self-aspects, they believe to
Self-complexity
Transformation of one computational problem to another
In computability theory and computational complexity theory, a reduction is an algorithm for transforming one problem into another problem. A sufficiently
Reduction_(complexity)
transportation network in the New York region parallels the size and complexity of the metropolis itself. In 2013, the New York-Newark-Jersey City metropolitan
New_York_metropolitan_area
Book by Robert Venturi
composition and complexity, and the resulting richness and interest. Citing vernacular as well as high-style sources, Venturi drew new lessons from the
Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture
Complexity_and_Contradiction_in_Architecture
1998 non-fiction book
Complexity and Real Computation is a book on the computational complexity theory of real computation. It studies algorithms whose inputs and outputs are
Complexity and Real Computation
Complexity_and_Real_Computation
Algorithm that employs a degree of randomness as part of its logic or procedure
Carlo algorithms are considered, and several complexity classes are studied. The most basic randomized complexity class is RP, which is the class of decision
Randomized_algorithm
Measure of the level of consciousness
Perturbational Complexity Index (PCI) is a quantitative measure used in neuroscience to assess the level of consciousness based on the complexity of brain responses
Perturbational Complexity Index
Perturbational_Complexity_Index
Project complexity is the property of a project which makes it difficult to understand, foresee, and keep under control its overall behavior, even when
Project_complexity
{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {B}}} . Neil, Immerman (1999). Descriptive Complexity. New York, NY: Springer New York. ISBN 9781461205395. OCLC 853271745. v t e
Query_(complexity)
Welsh composer (born 1959)
Hans-Joachim Hespos. In the late 1980s he became associated with the so-called New Complexity group of British composers because of the intricate notation of his
Richard_Barrett_(composer)
Peak complexity is the concept that human societies address problems by adding social and economic complexity but that process is subject to diminishing
Peak_complexity
Complexity class
In computational complexity theory, Polynomial Local Search (PLS) is a complexity class that models the difficulty of finding a locally optimal solution
PLS_(complexity)
Existential second order logic captures NP
oldest result of descriptive complexity theory, a branch of computational complexity theory that characterizes complexity classes in terms of logic-based
Fagin's_theorem
Application of complexity theory to strategy
Complexity theory and organizations, also called complexity strategy or complex adaptive organizations, is the use of the study of complexity systems
Complexity theory and organizations
Complexity_theory_and_organizations
Technique in cryptography
Taechan; Barbulescu, Razvan (2015). "Extended Tower Number Field Sieve: A New Complexity for the Medium Prime Case". Cryptology ePrint Archive. Sarkar, Palash;
Pairing-based_cryptography
Adage in human-computer interaction
The law of conservation of complexity, also known as Tesler's Law, or Waterbed Theory, is an adage in human–computer interaction stating that every application
Law of conservation of complexity
Law_of_conservation_of_complexity
In computational complexity theory, SL (Symmetric Logspace or Sym-L) is the complexity class of problems log-space reducible to USTCON (undirected s-t
SL_(complexity)
Measure of complexity regarding algorithmic entropy
theory, sophistication is a measure of complexity related to algorithmic entropy. When K is the Kolmogorov complexity and c is a constant, the sophistication
Sophistication (complexity theory)
Sophistication_(complexity_theory)
Concept in linguistics
Language complexity is a topic in linguistics which can be divided into several sub-topics such as phonological, morphological, syntactic, and semantic
Language_complexity
Algorithmic runtime requirements for matrix multiplication
in computer science In theoretical computer science, the computational complexity of matrix multiplication dictates how quickly the operation of matrix
Computational complexity of matrix multiplication
Computational_complexity_of_matrix_multiplication
Argument by proponents of intelligent design
Irreducible complexity (IC) is the argument that certain biological systems with multiple interacting parts would not function if one of the parts were
Irreducible_complexity
American computer scientist
network sensors. In computational economics, Ye has also established new complexity results for problems concerning the computation of an economic equilibrium
Yinyu_Ye
Type of computer science algorithm
that space complexity also has varied choices in whether or not to count the index lengths as part of the space used. Often, the space complexity is given
In-place_algorithm
Data structure for storing non-overlapping sets
Bernard A. Galler and Michael J. Fischer in 1964. In 1973, their time complexity was bounded to O ( log ∗ ( n ) ) {\displaystyle O(\log ^{*}(n))} , the
Disjoint-set_data_structure
Hamiltonian complexity or quantum Hamiltonian complexity is a topic which deals with problems in quantum complexity theory and condensed matter physics
Hamiltonian_complexity
American-Canadian computer scientist, contributor to complexity theory
who has made significant contributions to the fields of complexity theory and proof complexity. He is a university professor emeritus at the University
Stephen_Cook
Model of computational complexity
In computational complexity theory, the decision tree model is the model of computation in which an algorithm can be considered to be a decision tree,
Decision_tree_model
Art movement
Horror vacui Hyperpop Hysterical realism Maximalist film Minimalism New Complexity Postminimalism Principle of plenitude MAXIMALISM Bold, Bedazzled, Glad
Maximalism
DARPA project for very large integration of semiconductors
an article in Scientific American on the challenges presented by the new complexity. At the time, microprocessor design was plateauing at the 100,000 transistor
VLSI_Project
Scottish philosopher, judge and agricultural improver (1696–1782)
of individuals profitable to others as well as to themselves", and a new complexity of relationships, rights, and obligations required laws and law enforcers
Henry_Home,_Lord_Kames
Kingdom of the Spanish Empire (1521–1821)
distance from the capital and the Gulf Coast port of Veracruz, size and complexity of indigenous populations, and the presence or absence of mineral resources
New_Spain
British composer and trombonist (born 1990)
compositions that often incorporate elements of jazz, baroque music and new complexity. Paxton studied jazz trombone performance at the Royal Academy of Music
Alex_Paxton
identity complexity has also been applied heuristically in other fields, like in Theology (e.g. by J. Kok and others), specifically in New Testament
Social_identity_complexity
Generic-case complexity is a subfield of computational complexity theory that studies the complexity of computational problems on "most inputs". Generic-case
Generic-case_complexity
Process of network planning
IP can drop or delay packets during overload conditions introduces new complexity to the system. Interactive services such as voice, two-way video, and
Network_resource_planning
kinds of complexity are closely related: If P has facet complexity at most f, then P has vertex complexity at most 4 n2 f. If P has vertex complexity at most
N-dimensional_polyhedron
American computer scientist (born 1981)
University of Texas at Austin. His primary areas of research are computational complexity theory and quantum computing. Aaronson grew up in the United States, though
Scott_Aaronson
Given more time, a Turing machine can solve more problems
In computational complexity theory, the time hierarchy theorems are important statements about time-bounded computation on Turing machines. Informally
Time_hierarchy_theorem
Scottish composer (born 1950)
1950) is a Scottish composer who is often regarded as belonging to the New Complexity school. Dillon studied art and design, linguistics, piano, acoustics
James_Dillon_(composer)
Associative array for storing key–value pairs
probing sequence. In a well-dimensioned hash table, the average time complexity for each lookup is independent of the number of elements stored in the
Hash_table
Focus on small sections of an issue
fundamentally "reactionary", reacting against a new orthodoxy, a new expertise, a new complexity, and for them a new and diminished status. Parochialism is a
Parochialism
Complexity class from interactive proofs
In computational complexity theory, the class IP (which stands for interactive proof) is the class of problems solvable by an interactive proof system
IP_(complexity)
Axioms in computational complexity theory
In computational complexity theory the Blum axioms or Blum complexity axioms are axioms that specify desirable properties of complexity measures on the
Blum_axioms
British pianist
labels, including discs of Dusapin, Finnissy, Fox, Zimmermann and the new complexity disc Tracts. From 2003 to 2006 he was AHRC Creative and Performing Arts
Ian_Pace
JPEG 2000 image encoder and decoder
implements the ISO/IEC 15444-1 technical standard. As of 2024, the newer, complexity-reduced High-Throughput JPEG 2000 standard (HTJ2K, ISO/IEC 15444-15
Grok_(JPEG_2000)
Unsolved problem in computer science
1997.1494. Aaronson, S.; Wigderson, A. (2008). Algebrization: A New Barrier in Complexity Theory (PDF). Proceedings of ACM STOC'2008. pp. 731–740. doi:10
P_versus_NP_problem
British musicologist (1935–2026)
overtone spectra" in a profile of Julian Anderson. Whittall addressed New Complexity in relation to Brian Ferneyhough, Michael Finnissy and James Dillon;
Arnold_Whittall
American musician
for New Music and Culture since its founding in 2007. 3 Franklin Cox's work advances a range of features and concepts associated with "New Complexity; his
Franklin_Cox
Creationist argument by William Dembski
Specified complexity is a creationist intelligent design argument introduced by William Dembski. According to Dembski, the concept can formalize a property
Specified_complexity
Field in logic and theoretical computer science
science, and specifically proof theory and computational complexity theory, proof complexity is the field aiming to understand and analyse the computational
Proof_complexity
Rules out assigning to arbitrary functions their computational complexity
computational complexity theory, Blum's speedup theorem, first stated by Manuel Blum in 1967, is a fundamental theorem about the complexity of computable
Blum's_speedup_theorem
philosophy, Deleuze and Guattari, complexity, music notation, experimental music, and performance practice of new music. Saman Samadi began his education
Saman_Samadi
State complexity is an area of theoretical computer science dealing with the size of abstract automata, such as different kinds of finite automata. The
State_complexity
Class of models and problems in circuit complexity
ACC, is a class of computational models and problems defined in circuit complexity, a field of theoretical computer science. The class is defined by augmenting
ACC0
Musical concept indicating to the speed of interpretation
are perceived in the simplest way. From the viewpoint of Kolmogorov's complexity theory, this means a representation of the data that minimizes the amount
Tempo
American sculptor and photographer (1932–2020)
Smith wrote that her work was "Cubist in effect" and that it brought a "new complexity to Minimalist art". Her work is represented in the collections of the
Grace_Knowlton
1986 paper on software project management
different types of complexity: accidental complexity and essential complexity. This is related to Aristotle's classification. Accidental complexity relates to
No_Silver_Bullet
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