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Glutamate receptor and ion channel protein found in nerve cells
receptor (also known as the NMDA receptor or NMDAR) is a glutamate receptor and a predominantly Ca2+ ion channel found in neurons. The NMDA receptor is
NMDA_receptor
Class of anesthetics
NMDA receptor antagonists are a class of drugs that work to antagonize, or inhibit the action of, the N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). They are
NMDA_receptor_antagonist
Rare disease which results in brain inflammation
Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is a type of brain inflammation caused by antibodies. Early symptoms may include fever, headache, and feeling tired. This
Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis
Anti-NMDA_receptor_encephalitis
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Glutamate Receptor Ionotropic [NMDA] subunit epsilon-2, also known as N-methyl D-aspartate receptor subtype 2B (NMDAR2B or NR2B), is a protein that in
GRIN2B
Amino acid derivative
acts at that receptor. Unlike glutamate, NMDA only binds to and regulates the NMDA receptor and has no effect on other glutamate receptors (such as those
N-Methyl-D-aspartic_acid
Neurotoxicity caused by some NMDA receptor antagonists
Olney's lesions, also known as NMDA receptor antagonist neurotoxicity (NAT), is a form of brain damage consisting of selective death of neurons but not
Olney's_lesions
Dissociative hallucinogenic drug, mostly used recreationally
member of the arylcyclohexylamine class. PCP works primarily as an NMDA receptor antagonist. PCP is most commonly used in the US. While usage peaked
Phencyclidine
Neuron membrane protein
glutamate receptors, such as NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate), AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid), and kainate receptors, have distinct
Glutamate_receptor
Dissociative anesthetic and anti-depressant
Ketamine is a cyclohexanone-derived general anesthetic and NMDA receptor antagonist with analgesic and hallucinogenic properties, used medically for anesthesia
Ketamine
Protein found in humans
to NMDA receptor activation, triggering a calcium influx. Through a protein signaling cascade requiring Erk, CaM KII/IV, PI3K, and PLC, NMDA receptor activation
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
Brain-derived_neurotrophic_factor
Class of ionotropic glutamate receptors
non-NMDA-type receptor, along with the AMPA receptor. KARs are less understood than AMPA and NMDA receptors, the other ionotropic glutamate receptors. Postsynaptic
Kainate_receptor
NMDA receptor modulators (glutamate modulators) are a new form of antipsychotic that are in Phase II FDA studies. The first compound studied was glycine
NMDA_receptor_modulator
Type of glutamate receptor
effects of the NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist, ketamine, on working memory by pretreatment with the group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist, LY354740
Metabotropic glutamate receptor
Metabotropic_glutamate_receptor
Type of ion channel transmembrane protein
acid receptor (also known as AMPA receptor, or quisqualate receptor) is a non-NMDA-type ionotropic transmembrane receptor for glutamate that
Ligand-gated_ion_channel
Chemical which binds to and activates a biochemical receptor
acetylcholine receptor and NMDA receptor and their respective agonists. For the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, which is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)
Agonist
colleagues uncovered that extrasynaptic NMDA receptors form a signaling complex with the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member
Extrasynaptic_NMDA_receptor
Persistent strengthening of synapses based on recent patterns of activity
Theory, which depends also on intracellular calcium in relation to NMDA receptor voltage gates, have been developed since the 1980s and modify the traditional
Long-term_potentiation
Psychological term
NMDA receptors become the control mechanism that dictates how the AMPA and NMDA receptors are to be rearranged. The rearrangement of AMPA and NMDA receptors
Metaplasticity
List of pharmaceutical drugs under clinical development for treatment of depression
serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist and psychedelic hallucinogen Cycloserine/lurasidone (Cyclurad; NRX-101) – ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor glycine site
List of investigational antidepressants
List_of_investigational_antidepressants
Brainwaves with frequencies larger than 80 Hz
other NMDA receptor blockers). There are increasing number of studies indicating that HFO rhythms (130–180 Hz) may arise due to the local NMDA receptor blockage
High-frequency_oscillations
Medication used to treat Alzheimer's disease
psychosis, and heart failure. It is believed to work by acting on NMDA receptors, working as a pore blocker of these ion channels. Memantine was first
Memantine
Transmembrane protein family
from NMDA receptors (the other main ionotropic glutamate receptors in the brain), which also permit calcium influx. Both AMPA and NMDA receptors, however
AMPA_receptor
Class of medication used to treat depression and other conditions
antidepressants and seem to work via blockade of the ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor. Other NMDA antagonists may also play a role in treating depression. The combination
Antidepressant
Psychosis beginning suddenly in the first two weeks after childbirth
experiencing immunologic complications such as anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis and autoimmune thyroid disorders, as well as the known
Postpartum_psychosis
Process that kills nerve cells
resulting in excessive stimulation of receptors. For example, when glutamate receptors such as NMDA receptors or AMPA receptors encounter excessive levels of
Excitotoxicity
non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, other actions Gepirone (Exxua) – 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist and α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist Opipramol
List_of_antidepressants
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GRIN2D gene. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are a class
GRIN2D
Ligand-gated ion channels
and sequence similarity: AMPA receptors, kainate receptors, NMDA receptors and delta receptors (see below). AMPA receptors are the main charge carriers
Ionotropic_glutamate_receptor
Drug that blocks hallucinogen effects
hallucinogens, for instance NMDA receptor antagonist dissociatives like ketamine and phencyclidine (PCP). NMDA receptor agonists, which theoretically
Trip_killer
Chemical substance that enables neurotransmission
Voltage- gated Ca++ channel Synaptic vesicle Neurotransmitter transporter Receptor Neurotransmitter Axon terminal Synaptic cleft Dendrite A neurotransmitter
Neurotransmitter
Cough suppressant and dissociative drug
inhibitor and a sigma-1 receptor agonist. Dextromethorphan and its major metabolite dextrorphan also block the NMDA receptor at high doses, producing
Dextromethorphan
Pain caused by opioid addiction
hyperalgesia is more complicated, and is believed to involve the activation of NMDA receptors and increased excitatory peptide neurotransmitters (such as cholecystokinin)
Opioid-induced_hyperalgesia
Psychiatric behavioural syndrome
binding to the NMDA receptor. People with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis can develop catatonia because their antibodies attack the NMDA receptor, reducing
Catatonia
Medical condition
plasma glycine levels and NMDA receptor antagonists, like dextromethorphan or ketamine, are used to decrease NMDA receptor stimulation which can improve
Glycine_encephalopathy
American journalist and writer
Madness, about her hospitalization with a rare autoimmune disease, anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. Her second and third books, The Great Pretender: The Undercover
Susannah_Cahalan
Mood-stabilizing psychiatric medication
NMDA receptor blockage augments antidepressant-like effects of lithium in the mouse forced swimming test, indicating the possible involvement of NMDA
Lithium_(medication)
Behavioral measure in animals
increased. It is induced by certain drugs like psychostimulants and NMDA receptor antagonists and is reversed by certain other drugs like antipsychotics
Locomotor_activity
Dissociative anesthetic designer drug
shows the highest affinity for the NMDA receptor, it also binds with submicromolar affinity to the σ1 receptor, σ2 receptor, and dopamine transporter. Diphenidine
Diphenidine
Medication used to treat dyskinesia
as a sigma σ1 receptor agonist, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor negative allosteric modulator, dopaminergic agent, and weak NMDA receptor antagonist, among
Amantadine
Behavioral paradigm in which organisms learn to predict aversive events
conditioned fear learning is glutamate. It has been suggested that NMDA receptors (NMDARs) in the amygdala are necessary for fear memory acquisition,
Fear_conditioning
Investigational pervasive developmental disorder drugs
SGE-516) – GABAA receptor modulators and ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor modulators Research programme: G protein-coupled receptor modulating small
List of investigational autism and pervasive developmental disorder drugs
List_of_investigational_autism_and_pervasive_developmental_disorder_drugs
Naturally occurring glutamate receptor agonist neurotoxin
glutamate receptors, strongly activating NMDA, group I and II metabotropic glutamate receptors, and weakly activating AMPA and kainate receptors. Taken systemically
Ibotenic_acid
Class of cell surface receptors
σ-receptors is difficult to establish as many σ-agonists also bind to other targets such as the κ-opioid receptor and the NMDA glutamate receptor. In
Sigma_receptor
Gamma-aminobutyric acid analog
more recently been shown to interact directly with some NMDA-type and AMPA-type glutamate receptors at presynaptic sites and also with thrombospondin (an
Gabapentin
Amino acid
glycine binding site of the NMDA receptor, and, at higher concentrations, an agonist at the strychnine-sensitive glycine receptor. These properties have led
Sarcosine
Aspect of learning procedure
gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia recruits both NMDA receptor-dependent enhancement and NMDA receptor-dependent depression of the reflex". The Journal
Classical_conditioning
Medication
of glutamate receptor-activated responses (1 mM), enhancement of NMDA receptor function (300 μM), weak antagonization of the NMDA receptor, and partial
Acamprosate
Pharmaceutical compound
name GM-1020 or as (R)-4-fluorodeschloroketamine ((R)-4-FDCK), is an NMDA receptor antagonist related to ketamine which is under development for the treatment
Blixeprodil
Investigational PTSD drugs
Wafermine) – NMDA receptor antagonist and dissociative hallucinogen [39] Lanicemine (ARL-15896; ARR-15896; BHV-5500; FPL-15896) – NMDA receptor antagonist
List of investigational post-traumatic stress disorder drugs
List_of_investigational_post-traumatic_stress_disorder_drugs
Chemical compound
Dizocilpine (INN), also known as MK-801, is a pore blocker of the NMDA receptor, a glutamate receptor, discovered by a team at Merck in 1982. Glutamate is the
Dizocilpine
(GM-1020; (R)-4-fluorodeschloroketamine; (R)-4-FDCK) – orally active NMDA receptor receptor antagonist – major depressive disorder, bipolar depression, depressive
List of investigational hallucinogens and entactogens
List_of_investigational_hallucinogens_and_entactogens
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Glutamate Receptor Ionotropic, [NMDA] subunit epsilon-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GRIN2A gene. With 1464 amino acids, the canonical
GRIN2A
Chemical compound
psychostimulant. In accordance, it has only very weak affinity for the NMDA receptor (Ki = 21.19 μM and > 100 μM for (2S,6S)-HNK and (2R,6R)-HNK, respectively)
Hydroxynorketamine
Experimental antidepressant
the antidepressant effects of certain NMDA receptor antagonists such as ketamine. Blockage of the AMPA receptor nullifies the antidepressant actions of
Osavampator
Class of psychoactive drugs
Despite most dissociatives' main mechanism of action being tied to NMDA receptor antagonism, some of these substances, which are nonselective in action
Dissociative
Compound that induces a loss of consciousness
diazepam), and barbiturates (sodium thiopental, methohexital). Ketamine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, is used primarily for its analgesic effects and in an off-label
General_anaesthetic
Amino acid
agonist at the glycine site (NR1) of canonical diheteromeric NMDA receptors. For the receptor to open, glutamate and either glycine or D-serine must bind
Serine
2012 autobiography by Susannah Cahalan
two companies merged. The book narrates Cahalan's issues with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis and the process by which she was diagnosed with this form
Brain_on_Fire
Amino acid
ionotropic glycine receptors, whereas bicuculline is a weak one. Glycine is a required co-agonist along with glutamate for NMDA receptors. In contrast to
Glycine
Therapeutic use of prescribed ketamine
illness. Ketamine is a short-acting, noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist that was discovered by Parke-Davis Labs and Dr. Calvin Lee
Ketamine-assisted psychotherapy
Ketamine-assisted_psychotherapy
steroid receptors and can quickly influence central nervous system function. 25-Hydroxycholesterol: cholest-5-en-3β,25-diol – NMDA receptor negative
List_of_neurosteroids
Progressive neurodegenerative disease
noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist first used as an anti-influenza agent. It acts on the glutamatergic system by blocking NMDA receptors and inhibiting
Alzheimer's_disease
Abnormal condition of the mind
neuroimaging literature, link NMDA receptor hypofunction to delusional or hallucinatory symptoms via proposing a failure of NMDA mediated top down predictions
Psychosis
Investigational antipsychotics
deuterated-DM) – combination of deudextromethorphan (sigma receptor agonist, ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist, serotonin reuptake inhibitor, other actions)
List of investigational antipsychotics
List_of_investigational_antipsychotics
Combination medication
metoprolol, and tamoxifen. Dextromethorphan acts as an NMDA receptor antagonist, σ1 receptor agonist, and serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
Dextromethorphan/bupropion
Ability of a synapse to strengthen or weaken over time according to its activity
calcium through NMDA receptors. CaMKII also improves AMPA ionic conductance through phosphorylation. When there is high-frequency NMDA receptor activation
Synaptic_plasticity
Type of receptor ligand or drug that blocks a biological response
disease, is an uncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor. Neutral antagonists neither activate the receptor nor inhibit activity. The term was created
Receptor_antagonist
Cough suppressant drug susceptible to misuse
phencyclidine (PCP). Also like those drugs, dextromethorphan is an NMDA receptor antagonist. It generally does not produce withdrawal symptoms characteristic
Recreational use of dextromethorphan
Recreational_use_of_dextromethorphan
Class of ligand activated receptors localized in surface of plama cell membrane
neurotrophin receptors Ephrin receptors Integrins Low Affinity Nerve Growth Factor Receptor NMDA receptor Several Immune receptors Toll-like receptor T cell
Cell_surface_receptor
Class of chemical compounds
compounds display a range of pharmacological activities, most notably as NMDA receptor antagonists, and have attracted attention as dissociative designer drugs
1,2-Diarylethylamine
Protein-coding gene in humans
Glutamate Receptor Ionotropic, [NMDA] subunit zeta-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GRIN1 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a critical
GRIN1
Biological processes that may contribute to autism
even positively affect brain development in some ASD patients. Reduced NMDA receptor function has been linked to reduced social interactions, locomotor hyperactivity
Mechanism_of_autism
Type of germ cell tumor
autoimmune illness called anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. In this condition, the teratomas may contain B cells with NMDA-receptor specificities. After teratoma
Teratoma
Molecule able to block protein channels, frequently used as pharmaceutical
to their pore also exist: 5-HT3 receptor antagonists GABAA receptor antagonists nACh receptor antagonists NMDA receptor antagonists Channel blockers are
Channel_blocker
Aromatic hydrocarbon
due to its NMDA antagonist properties. Toluene inhibits excitatory ion channels such as the NMDA receptor, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, and the serotonin
Toluene
Chemical compound
fatal. It acts mainly as an NMDA receptor antagonist, though it has also been found to interact with the sigma σ1 receptor and the serotonin transporter
3-MeO-PCP
In neurophysiology, a reduction of neuronal synapse efficacy
traces. Hippocampal/cortical LTD can be dependent on NMDA receptors, metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR), or endocannabinoids. The result of the underlying-LTD
Long-term_depression
Anion of glutamic acid in its role as a neurotransmitter
ionotropic glutamate receptors consist of AMPA receptors, NMDA receptors, and kainate receptors. The metabotropic glutamate receptors consist of eight different
Glutamate_(neurotransmitter)
Investigational tinnitus drugs
((S)-ketamine; AM-101; esketamine otic gel; Keyzilen) – ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist [3] AM-102 (AM102) – sodium–potassium–chloride symporter
List of investigational tinnitus drugs
List_of_investigational_tinnitus_drugs
Skeletal muscle relaxant
more effectively manage pain of various types. H1 receptor antagonist (antihistamine) NMDA receptor antagonist (Ki value of 6.0 ± 0.7 μM, one hundred
Orphenadrine
Major active metabolite of ketamine
CYP3A4. Similarly to ketamine, norketamine acts as a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, but is about 3–5 times less potent as an anesthetic in comparison
Norketamine
Pain affecting the somatosensory nervous system
via neurokinin receptors. NMDA activation also triggers a change in the post-synapse; it activates receptor kinases that increase receptor trafficking and
Neuropathic_pain
Toxin harmful to nervous tissue
ethanol to inhibit NMDA receptors in the hippocampus, resulting in reduced long-term potentiation (LTP) and memory acquisition. NMDA has been shown to
Neurotoxin
German physician and neuroscientist
C.; Graham, Rona K. (2010-01-28). "Early Increase in Extrasynaptic NMDA Receptor Signaling and Expression Contributes to Phenotype Onset in Huntington's
Hilmar_Bading
Detailed analysis of management techniques for bipolar disorders
varies, which may be related to different serotonergic and dopaminergic receptor binding profiles. Quetiapine and the combination of olanzapine and fluoxetine
Treatment_of_bipolar_disorder
The induction of NMDA receptor-dependent long-term potentiation (LTP) in chemical synapses in the brain occurs via a fairly straightforward mechanism
LTP_induction
Chemical compound
a dissociative anesthetic drug of the arylcyclohexylamine class and NMDA receptor antagonist that is closely related to substances such as methoxetamine
Methoxpropamine
Mammalian protein found in humans
below the threshold necessary to depolarize the postsynaptic NMDA receptor, a receptor known to be directly related to the induction of LTP and LTD,
Cannabinoid_receptor_1
Psychoactive substance found in plants in the family Apocynaceae
sigma, NMDA, and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors; its metabolite noribogaine primarily acts as a serotonin reuptake inhibitor and κ-opioid receptor agonist
Ibogaine
Chemical compound
affinity for the NMDA receptors, but less affinity for the sigma receptors. Because of its high affinity for the PCP site of the NMDA receptor complex, the
Tenocyclidine
Medication used to treat ADHD
be blocked by D1 or α1-adrenergic receptor antagonists, but could be potentiated by NMDA or an α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist, suggesting a glutaminergic
Atomoxetine
Chemical compound
pharmacological actions. It is an inhibitor of the NMDA receptor, specifically of NMDA receptors containing GluN1 and GluN2B subunits, the "ifenprodil
Ifenprodil
reuptake inhibitor, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor negative allosteric modulator, ionotropic glutamate NMDA receptor antagonist, other actions, and CYP2D6
List of investigational agitation drugs
List_of_investigational_agitation_drugs
Chemical compound
selective NMDA receptor antagonist that competitively inhibits the ligand (glutamate) binding site of NMDA receptors. AP5 blocks NMDA receptors in micromolar
AP5
Chemical compound
amidated tetrapeptide that acts as a novel and selective modulator of the NMDA receptor. The drug is a rapid-acting and long-lasting antidepressant as well
Rapastinel
Parent compound of opioids
substantially. They tend to function either as μ-opioid receptor agonists (analgesics), or NMDA receptor antagonists (dissociatives). Morphinan has a phenanthrene
Morphinan
Drugs used to achieve relief from pain
circumstances. The majority of its analgesic effects come from antagonizing NMDA receptors, similarly to ketamine, thus decreasing the activity of the primary
Analgesic
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit epsilon-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GRIN2C gene. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are a class
GRIN2C
Class of opioid receptors found in humans
The μ-opioid receptors (using the Greek letter mu, abbreviated MOR) are a class of opioid receptors with a high affinity for enkephalins and beta-endorphin
Mu-opioid_receptor
Medical disorder
GRIN disorders (abbreviation for Glutamate Receptor Ionotropic, NMDA related disorders) are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders that result from mutations
GRIN_disorder
NMDA RECEPTOR
NMDA RECEPTOR
Girl/Female
American, Arabic, Australian, British, English, Muslim, Russian, Slavic
Wealthy Guardian; Sanctuary; Voice; Call; Born of Sunday
Girl/Female
Indian
Dew, Generosity, Liberality
Boy/Male
Arabic
Fresh
Girl/Female
Afghan, Arabic, Assamese, Bengali, German, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Muslim, Sindhi
To Call; Voice
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Call
Girl/Female
Muslim
Dew, Generosity, Liberality
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Generosity dew
Girl/Female
Indian
Voice, Call
Girl/Female
Muslim
Call. Voice.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Voice, Call
Female
Spanish
Feminine form of Spanish Fernándo, FERNÃNDA means "ardent for peace."
Girl/Female
Slavic English
Born on Sunday.
Girl/Female
Indian
Call
Female
Russian
(Ðада) Pet form of Russian Nadezhda, NADA means "hope."
Girl/Female
Muslim
Call
Female
Croatian
, hope.
Girl/Female
American, Arabic, Australian, Czechoslovakian, Danish, French, German, Indian, Kannada, Muslim, Russian, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Swedish
Generosity; Dew; Giving; Hopeful; A River; A Stream; Melody
Girl/Female
Russian Scandinavian American Arabic Muslim
Hope.
NMDA RECEPTOR
NMDA RECEPTOR
Male
English
Stern Bear
Girl/Female
Dutch
prophet.
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Fire
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a servant of the Knights Templar (see Temple).
Girl/Female
Muslim
Friend, Soft hearted, Companion
Boy/Male
African, Australian, Swahili
Lynx; Panther; From Kikuyu
Boy/Male
American, Australian, Chinese, Jamaican
Thankful; God will Judge
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Lion
Boy/Male
Tamil
Gajendar | கஜேநதார
Kushwah
Boy/Male
Tamil
A small garden
NMDA RECEPTOR
NMDA RECEPTOR
NMDA RECEPTOR
NMDA RECEPTOR
NMDA RECEPTOR
n.
Receptacle.