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Hypothesis to explain traits in mammals
The nocturnal bottleneck hypothesis is an evolutionary biology hypothesis to explain the origin of several mammalian traits. In 1942, Gordon Lynn Walls
Nocturnal_bottleneck
Behavior characterized by activity during the night and sleeping during the day
difficult to say which came first, nocturnality or diurnality, a hypothesis in evolutionary biology, the nocturnal bottleneck theory, postulates that in the
Nocturnal_animal
Topics referred to by the same term
All pages with titles containing Bottleneck Liebig's law of the minimum, in agricultural science Nocturnal bottleneck, hypothesis to explain several mammal
Bottleneck
Type of color vision with four types of cone cells
cone cell, evolving dichromacy, a loss ascribed to the conjectured nocturnal bottleneck. Some primates (including the ancestor of humans) then later re-evolved
Tetrachromacy
Extinct order of mammaliaforms
have evolved in the earliest mammals in the Triassic (called the nocturnal bottleneck) as a specialisation that allowed them to exploit a safer, night-time
Morganucodonta
Organism that maintains body temperature largely by heat from internal bodily functions
for an originally nocturnal lifestyle, suggesting that the group went through an evolutionary bottleneck (the nocturnal bottleneck hypothesis). This could
Endotherm
Part of the epithalamus
"Archelosaurian Color Vision, Parietal Eye Loss, and the Crocodylian Nocturnal Bottleneck". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 34 (3): 666–676. doi:10.1093/molbev/msw265
Parietal_eye
Class of animals with milk-producing glands
catching fish. Most, if not all, are thought to have remained nocturnal (the nocturnal bottleneck), accounting for much of the typical mammalian traits. The
Mammal
Portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye
retained only two opsin classes (LWS and VS), due likely to the nocturnal bottleneck. However, old world primates (including humans) have since evolved
Visible_spectrum
Early mammaliaform genus of the Triassic and Jurassic periods
likely nocturnal and spent the day in a burrow. There is no direct fossil evidence, but several lines of evidence point to a nocturnal bottleneck in the
Morganucodon
Layer of eye tissue which aids in night vision
tapetal cells." Defense mechanism (biology) Emission theory (vision) Nocturnal bottleneck Walleye The one exception to this generalization is the neotropical
Tapetum_lucidum
discriminate colors in dim light. This retreat to a nocturnal role is called a nocturnal bottleneck, and is thought to explain many of the features of
Evolution_of_mammals
Order of reptiles
significantly weakened underwater. Crocodilians appear to have undergone a "nocturnal bottleneck" early in their history, during which their eyes lost traits like
Crocodylia
Response of the eye to light and dark
Hall, M. I.; Kamilar, J. M.; Kirk, E. C. (2012). "Eye shape and the nocturnal bottleneck of mammals". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 279 (1749): 4962–4968
Adaptation_(eye)
Type of color vision
evolution would see the loss of two of these four opsins, due to the nocturnal bottleneck, as dichromacy may improve an animal's ability to distinguish colors
Dichromacy
Extinct group of saber-toothed therapsids from the Permian
and a shift to nocturnal life—or both. Nocturnal behaviour has long been assumed to have originated in mammals (nocturnal bottleneck), but the large
Gorgonopsia
First epoch of the Paleogene Period
Triassic, and remained small and nocturnal throughout the Mesozoic to avoid competition with dinosaurs (nocturnal bottleneck), though, by the Middle Jurassic
Paleocene
Vision proteins
their respective class. Mammals lost Rh2 and SWS2 classes during the nocturnal bottleneck. Primate ancestors later developed two LWS opsins (LWS and MWS),
Vertebrate_visual_opsin
Loss and regain of color vision during the evolution of primates
However, mammalian ancestors lost 2 of the 4 opsins due to the nocturnal bottleneck and most modern mammals are therefore dichromats, retaining only
Evolution of color vision in primates
Evolution_of_color_vision_in_primates
Class of light-sensitive proteins
classes of photopsins. Mammals lost Rh2 and SWS2 classes during the nocturnal bottleneck, so are generally dichromatic. Primate ancestors later developed
Opsin
American biologist, physiologist and optometrist
cell. He described the nocturnal bottleneck hypothesis which states that placental mammals were mainly or even exclusively nocturnal through most of their
Gordon_Lynn_Walls
Seasonal movement of birds
large diurnal migrants, as in the Central American migratory bottleneck. The Batumi bottleneck in the Caucasus is one of the heaviest migratory funnels on
Bird_migration
Parrot endemic to New Zealand
habroptilus), sometimes known as the owl-parrot, is a species of large, nocturnal, ground-dwelling parrot of the superfamily Strigopoidea. It is endemic
Kākāpō
Abnormally rigid state of the penis without sexual arousal
the body), physical or structural changes to the penis (an hourglass or bottleneck shape to the penis during the flaccid or semi-erect states; engorged veins
Hard_flaccid_syndrome
Species of sea cucumber
(Thymiosycia) impatiens, commonly known as the impatient sea cucumber or bottleneck sea cucumber, is a species of sea cucumber in the genus Holothuria, subgenus
Holothuria_impatiens
Paraphyletic group of birds
structure that reduces turbulence. They have particularly acute hearing and nocturnal eyesight. The secretary bird is a single species with a large body and
Bird_of_prey
Body of water in Venezuela
shallow in the north. The northern half of the lake, which looks like a bottleneck, is 55 kilometres (34 mi) long. The southeastern edge of the lake basin
Lake_Maracaibo
Fastest known animal and common bird of prey
During the 1970s, peregrine falcons in Finland experienced a population bottleneck as a result of large declines associated with bio-accumulation of organochloride
Peregrine_falcon
Extinct species of mammal from Australasia
zoos around the world, placing yet more pressure on an already small, bottlenecked population. Despite the export of breeding pairs, attempts at rearing
Thylacine
Earth's most severe extinction event
deep-water counterparts. Foraminifera experienced a severe diversity bottleneck. Evidence from South China indicates the foraminiferal extinction had
Permian–Triassic extinction event
Permian–Triassic_extinction_event
Lion population in India
associate briefly during mating. In the Gir National Park, they are mainly nocturnal and defend territories, whose size varies. They prefer dense vegetation
Asiatic_lion
Underground lair where ants live, eat, and tend eggs
cannot be explained by loss of their genetic diversity due to the genetic bottleneck of the imported ants. In 2009, it was demonstrated that the largest Japanese
Ant_colony
Species of carnivore
appearance to the European polecat and the Asian steppe polecat. It is largely nocturnal and solitary, except when breeding or raising litters. Up to 90% of its
Black-footed_ferret
Species of rodent
centimetres at sexual maturity. D. legata has experienced a population bottleneck in the past and, as a result, may have evolved pleomorphic sperm head
Ryukyu_long-tailed_giant_rat
Australian carnivorous marsupial
Tasmania. It is a nocturnal and crepuscular hunter, spending the days in dense bush or in a hole. It has been speculated that nocturnalism may have been adopted
Tasmanian_devil
Species of mammal in Asia
"Genomic evidence for two phylogenetic species and long-term population bottlenecks in red pandas". Science Advances. 6 (9) eaax5751. Bibcode:2020SciA..
Red_panda
Order of amphibians
the overall lack of diversity. Evidence points toward a historical bottlenecking of Ambystoma that contributes to the variation issues and no longer
Salamander
Genus of orthopteran insects
pre-copulatory and post-copulatory behaviour during the day, despite being nocturnal. Similarly, it is implied that very little courtship behaviour occurs
Giant_wētā
Large feline of the genus Acinonyx
PMID 3467370. Menotti-Raymond, M. & O'Brien, S. J. (1993). "Dating the genetic bottleneck of the African cheetah". PNAS. 90 (8): 3172–3176. Bibcode:1993PNAS...90
Cheetah
Species of common rat
domestication of brown rats in Europe. Population bottlenecks are a significant source of adaptation. Such a bottleneck is theorized to have occurred 20,000 years
Brown_rat
Species of amphibian
this particular species of microhylids experienced a severe population bottleneck effect in the past, its succeeding expansion has allowed its current population
Gastrophryne_carolinensis
American animator (1913–1984)
into Cecil." In high school, Clampett drew a full-page comic about the nocturnal adventures of a cat, later published in color in a Sunday edition of the
Bob_Clampett
Species of critically endangered raccoon
maintain larger territories than females, and the species exhibits primarily nocturnal behavior, with peak activity occurring between sunset and 4:00 AM. Their
Cozumel_raccoon
Mormina, Maru; Xue, Yali; Ayub, Qasim; et al. (April 2015). "A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture".
Timeline_of_human_evolution
Species of wild cat
variation suggests that the Asian golden cat experienced a severe population bottleneck, likely triggered by the Youngest Toba eruption approximately 74,000 years
Asian_golden_cat
Species of rodent
doi:10.2307/1379012. JSTOR 1379012. Karasov, W.H. (1989). "Nutritional bottleneck in a herbivore, the desert wood rat (Neotoma lepida)". Physiological Zoology
Desert_woodrat
many raptors, can be counted as they pass through migration bottlenecks. Small nocturnal migrants are harder to count, but many advances have been made
Avian_ecology_field_methods
Species of canine
some sources have suggested that this was a consequence of a population bottleneck, other studies have suggested that this a result of gene flow homogenising
Wolf
Species of fish
but also in transporting nutrients in thermally stratified lakes. The nocturnal migration allows for foraging under the cover of night. The trout-perch
Percopsis_omiscomaycus
Species group of mammals
Sinai Peninsula into Africa, the latter likely resulting in a population bottleneck. Phylogenetic research revealed that the lybica lineage probably diverged
Wildcat
Monotypic subfamily of fishes
A. B.; Carpenter, K. E.; Dulvy, N. K. (2012). "Extinction risk and bottlenecks in the conservation of charismatic marine species". Conservation Letters
Clownfish
Extinct species of carnivore
"Wild Felid Range Shift Due to Climatic Constraints in the Americas: a Bottleneck Explanation for Extinct Felids?". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 24 (4):
American_lion
Species of fish
symbiont are a key example highlighting rapid co-evolution and population bottlenecks that suggest an obligately dependent relationship. However, a mechanism
Splitfin_flashlightfish
2019-09-28. Karmin M, Saag L, Vicente M, et al. (April 2015). "A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture".
Timeline_of_life
Species of lizard
gecko or Kwangsi gecko, is a species of gecko. G. hokouensis is a small, nocturnal, arboreal, insectivorous gecko with reproduction occurring largely in
Gekko_hokouensis
Order of mammals
inbreeding, which can cause deleterious effects leading to a population bottleneck, whereby a significant percentage of the population is lost. There are
Primate
Species of carnivore
on smaller octopus species, such as Octopus leteus and O. hawaiiensis, nocturnal octopus species, and eels than the adult Hawaiian monk seals, while adult
Hawaiian_monk_seal
Subspecies of large cat
inbreeding in the population for several generations, or a population bottleneck. Such levels of genetic reduction have been associated with severe reproductive
Amur_leopard
Tribe of earless seals
variability among the 18 pinniped species, allegedly due to a population bottleneck caused by intense hunting in the 19th century. This limited genetic variability
Monk_seal
Species of marsupial
expected to further decline rapidly, by as much as 90%, due to a habitat bottleneck. The population has dropped sharply since 1996. Particularly, the February
Leadbeater's_possum
3 "Knockout Punch" November 26, 2024 (2024-11-26) N/A 282 4 "Bootleg Bottleneck" December 3, 2024 (2024-12-03) N/A 283 5 "Vengeance is Shine" December 10
List_of_Moonshiners_episodes
Memory about one's environment and spatial orientation
the office. One can recall from only one region at a time (a bottleneck). A bottleneck in a person's cognitive navigational system could be an issue
Spatial_memory
Species of bird
; Koren, C.; Nygard, T.; Volke, V.; Vilà, C.; Ellegren, H. (2006). "Bottlenecked but long-lived: High genetic diversity retained in white-tailed eagles
White-tailed_eagle
Introduced species that harms its new environment
communities. Introduced species may spread rapidly and unpredictably. When bottlenecks and founder effects cause a great decrease in the population size and
Invasive_species
Autumn (2012) Operation Avalanche (2016) Operation Bikini (1963) Operation Bottleneck (1961) Operation Bullshine (1959) Operation Chromite (2016) Operation
List_of_films:_N–O
Protected nature reserve in Gibraltar
Important Bird Area by BirdLife International because it is a migratory bottleneck, or choke point, for an estimated 250,000 raptors that cross the Strait
Gibraltar_Nature_Reserve
Building complex in Washington, D.C.
Crystal City neighborhood in Arlington, eliminating the 14th Street Bridge bottleneck. District of Columbia officials had refused to endorse the plan for years
L'Enfant_Plaza
Evolution of four legged vertebrates and their derivatives
the prototypical mammal was a small nocturnal insectivore something like a tree shrew. Due to their nocturnal habits, most mammals lost their color
Evolution_of_tetrapods
Species of gastropod
factors in the recovery or demise of ex situ populations following a severe bottleneck in fifteen species of Hawaiian tree snails". PeerJ. 3 e1406 (published
Partulina_proxima
Collective behaviour of entities that swarm
migrants. This is a notable factor in the Central American migratory bottleneck. This concentration of birds during migration can put species at risk
Swarm_behaviour
study the wing shape evolution in Permopsocida, reporting evidence of a bottleneck coinciding with the Permian–Triassic extinction event and structural constraints
2026_in_paleoentomology
Species of bat
surface, this is useful when targeting slower moving insects. They are nocturnal and therefore will begin foraging activities between 14 and 30 minutes
New_Zealand_long-tailed_bat
producing millions of reads, the assembly of these reads can cause a bottleneck in the entire genome assembly process. As such, extensive research is
Hybrid_genome_assembly
Subspecies of carnivore
O'Brien S. J. (1987). "East African Cheetahs: Evidence for Two Population Bottlenecks?". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States
East_African_cheetah
Town in County Westmeath in Ireland
the N6 road, a national primary route, and Moate was a serious traffic bottleneck. The new M6 motorway bypasses the town. Moate, which doubled in population
Moate
Evolution of a new species from an ancestor in the same location
species could also result from contrasts in microhabitats. A population bottleneck occurred around 200,000 years ago greatly reducing the population size
Sympatric_speciation
and expanded into the rest of the world, they underwent a series of bottlenecks – points at which only a very small population survived to colonise a
Origin_of_speech
Species of fish
This low level of genetic variation could be attributed to population "bottlenecks" associated with periods of range contraction, probably during the Pleistocene
Australian_lungfish
Extinct clade of dinosaurs
larger Ledumahadi, which weighed around 12 tons. The final anatomical bottleneck on the size of the true sauropods was the anatomy of their limbs. Columnar
Sauropodomorpha
Museum in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
the so-called "caryatid vases" – complex ceramic vessels, endowed with bottlenecks, reliefs and pedestals decorated with anthropomorphic and zoomorphic
National_Museum_of_Brazil
Genus of turtles
haplotype diversity at some localities indicated prehistoric population bottlenecks, possibly after a drastic cull from over-harvesting, followed by population
Hickatee
Mammal that dwells partly or entirely in bodies of water
rebounded in numbers, however the northern elephant seal has a genetic bottleneck; conversely, other species, such as the North Atlantic right whale, are
Aquatic_mammal
Species of amphibian
current wild population has limited genetic diversity due to population bottlenecking, but the convent's population is believed by the Chester Zoo to have
Lake_Patzcuaro_salamander
Annual heavy metal music tour
Lorna Shore AngelMaker The Black Dahlia Murder will play their 2007 album Nocturnal in its entirety for their 10th anniversary. AngelMaker was voted in by
The_Summer_Slaughter_Tour
Species of lemur
conservation of the species because it isolates them in small groups creating a bottleneck effect which causes significant reduction of genetic diversity since they
Danfoss's_mouse_lemur
Species of bird
climatic shifts that may have prompted geographic splitting leading to bottlenecks, resulted in an increase in speciation events and large scale dispersal
Pink-footed_shearwater
Species of bird
Hilgerloh, G. (2009). The desert at Zait Bay, Egypt: a bird migration bottleneck of global importance. Bird Conservation International, 19(4), 338-352
Long-legged_buzzard
1972 single by George Harrison
around one another". The song's lyrics are set against a blues-based bottleneck riff, typical of Harrison's work at the time with the dobro. Played in
Sue_Me,_Sue_You_Blues
Fossil deposit in Germany
and reduced in size. In the following years, technical and financial bottlenecks meant that it was not possible to invest in a more modern exhibition
Geiseltal_(fossil_deposit)
List of ecoregions affected by a specific vegetation regime shift
biomass from harvested encroacher bush as well as to address industry bottlenecks, such as skills shortages and research and development needs. The De-bushing
List of ecoregions affected by woody plant encroachment
List_of_ecoregions_affected_by_woody_plant_encroachment
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