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The removal of heat from nuclear reactors is an essential step in the generation of energy from nuclear reactions. In nuclear engineering there are a
Nuclear_reactor_heat_removal
Nuclear reactor where water boils in core
A boiling water reactor (BWR) is a type of nuclear reactor used for the generation of electrical power. It is the second most common type of electricity-generating
Boiling_water_reactor
Heat generated from radioactive decay
Decay heat occurs naturally from decay of long-lived radioisotopes that are primordially present from the Earth's formation. In nuclear reactor engineering
Decay_heat
1986 nuclear accident in the Soviet Union
On 26 April 1986, reactor 4 of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, located near Pripyat in the Ukrainian SSR of the Soviet Union, exploded. The accident
Chernobyl_disaster
Type of nuclear fission reactor
A small modular reactor (SMR) is an emergent class of nuclear fission reactors with a rated electrical power of less than 300 megawatts (MWe), which use
Small_modular_reactor
Type of Soviet nuclear power reactor
reactor") is a class of graphite-moderated nuclear power reactor designed and built by the Soviet Union. It is somewhat like a boiling water reactor as
RBMK
Nuclear reactor design
systems that allow for the efficient transfer of decay heat (created from nuclear decay) from the reactor to pools of water outside containment – the Isolation
Economic Simplified Boiling Water Reactor
Economic_Simplified_Boiling_Water_Reactor
Nuclear power plant in South Korea
second-largest fully operational nuclear generating station by total reactor count and the number of currently operational reactors since 2016, after it exceeded
Kori_Nuclear_Power_Plant
Safety system in nuclear reactors
shutdown of a nuclear reactor, the core continues to produce decay heat due to the nuclear decay of fission products created during reactor operation. In
Residual_heat_removal_system
Nuclear reactor, Oak Ridge 1965–1969
nuclear cross section data. It was a test reactor simulating the neutronic "kernel" of a type of inherently safer epithermal thorium breeder reactor called
Molten-Salt Reactor Experiment
Molten-Salt_Reactor_Experiment
Type of nuclear reactor cooled by heat pipes
A heat pipe-cooled reactor (HPR) is a type of nuclear reactor cooled by heat pipes. Using passive heat pipes instead of a pumped nuclear coolant eliminates
Heat_pipe-cooled_reactor
Type of nuclear reactor cooled by molten sodium
light-water reactors. There are two main design approaches to sodium-cooled fast reactors. In pool-type reactors, the intermediate heat exchanger is
Sodium-cooled_fast_reactor
Nuclear power station in Rajshahi, Bangladesh
power plant in Bangladesh. It consists of two 1200 MWe VVER-1200 reactors. The nuclear power plant is located at Rooppur in Ishwardi Upazila on the bank
Rooppur_Nuclear_Power_Plant
Proposed fuel-recycling commercial reactor
reactivity coefficient", lack pumps and valves, use heat pipes for heat removal, have no nuclear refueling intervals and associated core exposure, and
Aurora_nuclear_reactor
Severe events involving radioactive materials
decay heat may cause the reactor core temperature to rise to dangerous levels and has caused nuclear accidents. The heat removal is usually achieved through
Nuclear and radiation accidents and incidents
Nuclear_and_radiation_accidents_and_incidents
Submarine powered by a nuclear reactor
A nuclear submarine is a submarine powered by a nuclear reactor, but not necessarily nuclear-armed. Nuclear submarines have considerable performance advantages
Nuclear_submarine
Nuclear reactor design
PRISM (Power Reactor Innovative Small Module, sometimes S-PRISM from SuperPRISM) is a nuclear power plant design by GE Vernova Hitachi Nuclear Energy (GVH)
PRISM_(reactor)
Lead-cooled reactor family designed in Russia
Teplonositelem, 'Naturally Safe Lead-Cooled Fast Reactor') is a generation IV lead-cooled fast nuclear reactor. BREST-300 model is under construction since
BREST_(reactor)
Type of nuclear reactor that uses molten material as fuel
internal heat. For technical and historical reasons, the three are each associated with different reactor types. U-235 is the world's primary nuclear fuel
Liquid fluoride thorium reactor
Liquid_fluoride_thorium_reactor
Decommissioned nuclear power plant in Ukraine
nuclear reactor. Over 20 specialized organizations involved with the construction were working simultaneously, specializing in electric wiring, heat insulation
Chernobyl_Nuclear_Power_Plant
Disabled nuclear power plant in Japan
damaged nuclear reactor is suspended". apnews.com/. August 22, 2024. "Fukushima begins robotic removal of radioactive debris sample 13 years after nuclear disaster"
Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant
Fukushima_Daiichi_Nuclear_Power_Plant
Electricity generation by nuclear fusion
power is a potential method of electric power generation from heat released by nuclear fusion reactions. In fusion, two light atomic nuclei combine to
Fusion_power
Nuclear power safety method that does not require electrical power nor intervention
Passive nuclear safety is a design approach for safety features, implemented in a nuclear reactor, that does not require any active intervention on the
Passive_nuclear_safety
Fast-neutron nuclear reactor cooled by molten lead
The lead-cooled fast reactor is a nuclear reactor design that uses molten lead or lead-bismuth eutectic as its coolant. These materials can be used as
Lead-cooled_fast_reactor
Reactor accident due to core overheating
the heat generated by a nuclear reactor exceeds the heat removed by the cooling systems to the point where at least one nuclear fuel element exceeds its
Nuclear_meltdown
Nuclear reactor that killed 3 in 1961
Low-Power Reactor Number One, also known as SL-1, initially the Argonne Low Power Reactor (ALPR), was a United States Army experimental nuclear reactor at the
SL-1
Type of nuclear reactor that uses normal water
Thermal-neutron reactors are the most common type of nuclear reactor, and light-water reactors are the most common type of thermal-neutron reactor. There are
Light-water_reactor
Power generated from nuclear reactions
from nuclear fission. A fission nuclear power plant is generally composed of: a nuclear reactor, in which the nuclear reactions generating heat take place;
Nuclear_power
2011 nuclear accident in Japan
air compressor and the reactor was not otherwise operating. Removal of decay heat using the RCIC was not possible, as the reactor was not producing sufficient
Fukushima_nuclear_accident
Nuclear reactor design
The integral fast reactor (IFR), originally the advanced liquid-metal reactor (ALMR), is a design for a nuclear reactor using fast neutrons and no neutron
Integral_fast_reactor
The N-Reactor was a water/graphite-moderated nuclear reactor constructed during the Cold War and operated by the U.S. government at the Hanford Site in
N-Reactor
Nuclear power plant in California, US
California. The reactor operated from 1957 to 1964. On July 12, 1957 the Sodium Reactor Experiment became the first nuclear reactor in California to
Sodium_Reactor_Experiment
Type of nuclear reactor cooled by molten salt
A molten-salt reactor (MSR) is a class of nuclear fission reactor in which the primary nuclear reactor coolant and/or the fuel is a mixture of molten salt
Molten-salt_reactor
Nuclear power station located near Kemmerer, WY
Station is an American nuclear power plant being built near Kemmerer, Wyoming by TerraPower. It will house one 345 MWe Natrium reactor along with a thermal
Kemmerer_Power_Station
Former U.S. Army program
The Army Nuclear Power Program (ANPP) was a program of the United States Army to develop small nuclear reactors to generate electrical and space-heating
Army_Nuclear_Power_Program
Indian nuclear reactor design
The Bharat Small Modular Reactor, abbreviated as BSMR, is a small modular reactor design being developed in India by the Nuclear Power Corporation of India
Bharat_Small_Modular_Reactor
NASA project aimed at producing a nuclear reactor for space
project to make new nuclear reactors for space travel. The project started in October 2015, led by NASA and the DoE’s National Nuclear Security Administration
Kilopower
Nuclear reactor design
water using heat generated by fission reactions within nuclear fuel. Kashiwazaki-Kariwa unit 6 is considered the first Generation III reactor in the world
Advanced boiling water reactor
Advanced_boiling_water_reactor
American nuclear technology company
publicly traded American nuclear power company based in Santa Clara, California. The company develops a small modular nuclear reactor, the Aurora Powerhouse
Oklo_Inc.
Nuclear power plant located on Tennessee River, Alabama
Wheeler Lake. The site has three General Electric boiling water reactor (BWR) nuclear generating units and is owned entirely by the Tennessee Valley Authority
Browns_Ferry_Nuclear_Plant
Decommissioned nuclear power plant in Scotland
Calder Hall were the only nuclear power stations built as part of the UK's gas reactor fleet to use cooling towers as a heat sink as opposed to using a
Chapelcross nuclear power station
Chapelcross_nuclear_power_station
Decommissioned experimental nuclear reactor in Idaho, USA
the reactor heat to go. As the primary (reactor) cooling system became hotter, the fuel, sodium coolant, and structure expanded, and the reactor shut
Experimental Breeder Reactor II
Experimental_Breeder_Reactor_II
Nuclear power plant in Japan
operational and the residual heat removal system (RHR) was started to cool the suppression pool and later brought the reactor to cold shutdown on March 12
Fukushima Daini Nuclear Power Plant
Fukushima_Daini_Nuclear_Power_Plant
Nuclear safety systems in the USA
A reactor protection system is designed to immediately terminate the nuclear reaction. By breaking the nuclear chain reaction, the source of heat is
Nuclear_reactor_safety_system
Type of British nuclear reactor
Magnox is a type of nuclear power / production reactor designed and produced in the United Kingdom. It was designed to run on natural uranium with graphite
Magnox
Nuclear reactor cooled or moderated by an organic liquid
An Organic nuclear reactor or Organic-cooled reactor (OCR) is a class of nuclear reactor in which the primary coolant or neutron moderator is an organic
Organic_nuclear_reactor
Type of nuclear reactor cooled by a gas
The gas-cooled fast reactor (GFR) system is a nuclear reactor design in development. Classed as a Generation IV reactor, it features a fast-neutron spectrum
Gas-cooled_fast_reactor
Type of very-high-temperature reactor
A pebble-bed reactor (PBR) is a type of nuclear reactor where the nuclear fuel is contained within a bed of pyrolytic graphite spheres (pebbles), with
Pebble-bed_reactor
Substance that slows down particles with no electric charge
Windscale Piles, a nuclear reactor complex in the United Kingdom, in 1957. In a carbon dioxide cooled graphite moderated reactor where coolant and moderator
Neutron_moderator
Structure surrounding a nuclear reactor to prevent radioactive releases
nuclear reactor accidents, it is only designed to contain or condense steam in the short term (for large break accidents) and long term heat removal still
Containment_building
Soviet / Russian nuclear reactor type
pressurized water reactor designs developed in the Soviet Union and Russia by OKB Gidropress. The name refers to the use of water as both the nuclear coolant and
VVER
Laboratory in Idaho Falls, Idaho, United States
involved with nuclear research, although the laboratory does other research as well. Much of the current knowledge of nuclear reactor behavior was discovered
Idaho_National_Laboratory
has nine operational nuclear reactors at four locations (eight advanced gas-cooled reactors (AGR) and one pressurised water reactor (PWR)), producing 5
Nuclear power in the United Kingdom
Nuclear_power_in_the_United_Kingdom
Chemical separation of spent nuclear fuel
producing nuclear weapons. With commercialization of nuclear power, reprocessed plutonium was recycled into MOX nuclear fuel for thermal reactors. Reprocessed
Nuclear_reprocessing
One active & one decommissioned nuclear power plant in England
Magnox reactors, is now in the process of being decommissioned. Sizewell B has a single pressurised water reactor (PWR) and is the UK's newest nuclear power
Sizewell nuclear power stations
Sizewell_nuclear_power_stations
Nuclear fuel that has been irradiated in a nuclear reactor
Spent nuclear fuel, occasionally called used nuclear fuel, is nuclear fuel that has been irradiated in a nuclear reactor (usually at a nuclear power plant)
Spent_nuclear_fuel
Nuclear power plant in Switzerland
build two new nuclear reactors, one of which would be in Mühleberg. Although precise technical specifications were not defined, the reactor of choice should
Mühleberg_Nuclear_Power_Plant
Form of nuclear reactor failure
is a mode of failure for a nuclear reactor in which the coolant inventory or coolant flow that removes heat from the reactor core is partially or completely
Loss-of-coolant_accident
Nuclear reactor design
The stable salt reactor (SSR) is a nuclear reactor design under development by Moltex Energy Canada Inc. and its subsidiary Moltex Energy USA LLC, based
Stable_salt_reactor
North Korean nuclear site
Nyongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center (Korean: 녕변원자력연구소) is North Korea's major nuclear facility, operating its first nuclear reactors. It is located
Nyongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center
Nyongbyon_Nuclear_Scientific_Research_Center
Theoretical design for a compact fusion reactor
The ARC fusion reactor (affordable, robust, compact) is a design for a compact 400 MW fusion reactor developed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
ARC_fusion_reactor
Nuclear power plant in Canton of Aargau, Switzerland
operating since September 1969. Beznau 1 is the first commercial nuclear power reactor in Switzerland. Putting an end to the traditional predilection of
Beznau_Nuclear_Power_Plant
Controversy over the use of nuclear power
The nuclear power debate is a long-running controversy about the risks and benefits of using nuclear reactors to generate electricity for civilian purposes
Nuclear_power_debate
1979 nuclear accident in Pennsylvania
Mile Island accident was a partial nuclear meltdown of the Unit 2 reactor (TMI-2) of the Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station, located on the
Three_Mile_Island_accident
Power station in Bushehr County, Iran
metal particles required the removal of the fuel core, resulting in a startup delay. The reactor achieved a sustained nuclear reaction at 11:12 on 8 May
Bushehr_Nuclear_Power_Plant
reported that twelve reactors were shut down and being inspected for stress corrosion, requiring EDF to adjust its French nuclear output estimate for 2022
Nuclear_power_in_France
Chronology of events following the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster
Fukushima Daiichi is 1 of 2 multi-reactor nuclear power sites in the Fukushima Prefecture of Japan. A nuclear disaster occurred there after a 9.0 magnitude
Timeline of the Fukushima nuclear accident
Timeline_of_the_Fukushima_nuclear_accident
Concept nuclear reactor whose water operates at supercritical pressure
be confused with the concept of criticality of the nuclear reaction. The water heated in the reactor core becomes a supercritical fluid above the critical
Supercritical_water_reactor
Iran's nuclear program comprises a number of nuclear facilities, including nuclear reactors and various nuclear fuel cycle facilities. Anarak, near Yazd
Nuclear_facilities_in_Iran
Indian fast breeder nuclear reactor design
India. The indigenously developed reactor achieves a crucial second stage outlined in India's three stage nuclear power program building on the decades
Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor
Prototype_Fast_Breeder_Reactor
Location of two former nuclear research establishments in northern Scotland
Authority (UKAEA). Three nuclear reactors were built there by the UKAEA, first a materials test reactor, then two fast breeder reactor prototypes. There were
Dounreay
Indian nuclear reactor design
decay heat removal during a loss-of-coolant accident, as well as a passive containment cooling system. The AHWR is planned to use a closed nuclear fuel
Advanced_heavy-water_reactor
Atoms or particles produced by nuclear fission
Proponents of nuclear fuel cycles which aim to consume all their actinides by fission, such as the Integral Fast Reactor and molten salt reactor, use this
Nuclear_fission_product
Nuclear power plant in Switzerland
cases as plane crashes or explosions, to manage the reactor shutdown and the removal of the decay heat for at least ten hours. It contains the two strands
Gösgen_nuclear_power_plant
1957 nuclear accident in England
operation of the new nuclear weapons facilities, which included a uranium metal plant at Springfields in Lancashire, and nuclear reactors and plutonium processing
Windscale_fire
Nuclear research facility in Mumbai, India
activities for nuclear reactors and technology under the Atomic Energy Commission. All scientists and engineers engaged in the fields of reactor designing
Bhabha_Atomic_Research_Centre
Former nuclear reactor in Switzerland
Beznau Gösgen Leibstadt Mühleberg Lucens The Lucens reactor was an experimental nuclear power reactor built next to Lucens, Vaud, Switzerland. After its
Lucens_reactor
Material fuelling nuclear reactors
undergoes nuclear fission in a reactor. The heat energy released by the fission of nuclear fuel can be converted into electricity in a nuclear power station
Nuclear_fuel
Nuclear power plant in Burke County, Georgia, US
provide nuclear service cooling water (NSCW) to safety and auxiliary non-safety components, as well as remove the decay heat from the reactor when the
Vogtle Electric Generating Plant
Vogtle_Electric_Generating_Plant
Nuclear site in Cumbria, England
Gas-cooled Reactor (AGR) and the Thermal Oxide Reprocessing Plant (THORP). Decommissioning projects include the Windscale Piles, Calder Hall nuclear power
Sellafield
U.S. Department of Energy reservation in South Carolina
of nuclear weapons, primarily tritium and plutonium-239, by irradiating target materials with neutrons in nuclear reactors. Five heavy water reactors were
Savannah_River_Plant
Decommissioned power plant in California, US
the plant's non-nuclear instrumentation system led to steam generator dryout (ref NRC LER 312/78-001). This triggered an automatic reactor shutdown. In a
Rancho Seco Nuclear Generating Station
Rancho_Seco_Nuclear_Generating_Station
US nuclear ramjet project, 1957–1964
Lawrence Radiation Laboratory to study the feasibility of applying heat from a nuclear reactor to power a ramjet engine for a Supersonic Low Altitude Missile
Project_Pluto
the US, where the first nuclear reactors and weapons were developed. After World War II, France initiated an extensive nuclear program with the establishment
History of France's civil nuclear program
History_of_France's_civil_nuclear_program
Decontamination effort after the 2011 Fukushima accident
three nuclear reactors involved in the Fukushima nuclear accident that followed the earthquake and tsunami on 11 March 2011. The affected reactors were
Fukushima nuclear accident cleanup
Fukushima_nuclear_accident_cleanup
US company, 2012 to 2018
residual decay heat removal; and it will solidify once decay heat from a used reactor has dropped to a low level. See List of small nuclear reactor designs NuScale
Gen4_Energy
International nuclear fusion research and engineering megaproject
International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, and also meaning "the way" or "the path" in Latin) is an international nuclear fusion research and engineering
ITER
Defunct American nuclear production site
Hanford Nuclear Reservation. Established in 1943 as part of the Manhattan Project, the site was home to the Hanford Engineer Works and B Reactor, the first
Hanford_Site
Device used to regulate the power of a nuclear reactor
Control rods are used in nuclear reactors to control the rate of fission of the nuclear fuel – uranium or plutonium. Their compositions include chemical
Control_rod
Safety systems of boiling water reactors
Boiling water reactor safety systems are nuclear safety systems constructed within boiling water reactors in order to prevent or mitigate environmental
Boiling water reactor safety systems
Boiling_water_reactor_safety_systems
Type of commercial fission reactor
nuclear disaster. Nuclear power Generation I reactor Generation II reactor Generation III reactor Nuclear safety in the U.S. Economics of new nuclear
GE_BWR
Uranium processed to increase the percentage of uranium-235
reactors, which make up most nuclear power reactors worldwide. Highly enriched uranium (HEU), containing 20% or more 235U, has been used in nuclear weapons
Enriched_uranium
U.S. project to build a nuclear thermal rocket
with the research into nuclear rocket reactor design, while NERVA involved the overall development and deployment of nuclear rocket engines, and the
Project_Rover
Small modular nuclear reactor design
The BWRX-300 is a design for a small modular nuclear reactor proposed by GE Vernova Hitachi Nuclear Energy (GVH). The BWRX-300 would feature passive safety
BWRX-300
Nuclear power plant south of San Clemente, California
Nuclear Regulatory Commission. February 7, 2011. Retrieved March 17, 2011. "San Onofre 2 Pressurized Water Reactor". Operating Nuclear Power Reactors
San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station
San_Onofre_Nuclear_Generating_Station
Unusable radioactive materials
radioactive and hot due to decay heat, thus requiring cooling and shielding. Spent nuclear fuel can be processed in nuclear reprocessing plants. One third
Radioactive_waste
Nuclear power plant in Belgium
The Doel Nuclear Power Station is one of two nuclear power plants in Belgium. The plant includes four reactors. The site is located on the bank of the
Doel_Nuclear_Power_Station
There is a catastrophic risk potential if containment fails, which in nuclear reactors can be brought about by overheated fuels melting and releasing large
Environmental impact of nuclear power
Environmental_impact_of_nuclear_power
Indian nuclear reactor design
Reactor-700) is an Indian pressurized heavy-water reactor designed by the Nuclear Power Corporation of India (NPCIL). It is a Generation III+ reactor
IPHWR-700
Experimental tokamak
conditions, tritium production and extraction, nuclear interactions, high-temperature heat removal and high-grade heat extraction. It will also provide experimental
Burning Plasma Experimental Superconducting Tokamak
Burning_Plasma_Experimental_Superconducting_Tokamak
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NUCLEAR REACTOR-HEAT-REMOVAL
NUCLEAR REACTOR-HEAT-REMOVAL
Surname or Lastname
English (Devon)
English (Devon) : nickname from Middle English hext ‘tallest’, ‘highest’ (Old English hēhst, superlative of hēah ‘high’).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone who lived on a heath (Middle English hethe, Old English hǣð) or a habitational name from any of the numerous places, for example in Bedfordshire, Derbyshire, Herefordshire, Shropshire, and West Yorkshire, named with this word. The same word also denoted heather, the characteristic plant of heathland areas. This surname has also been established in Dublin since the late 16th century.
Female
Egyptian
, Gold of Heart.
Female
Egyptian
, house above.
Male
English
 Anglicized form of Scottish Gaelic Eachann, HECTOR means "brown horse." Compare with another form of Hector.
Boy/Male
Christian & English(British/American/Australian)
From Heath or Moorland
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metonymic occupational name for a herdsman in charge of cattle or a nickname for someone thought to resemble an ox or a cow, from Middle English neat ‘ox’, ‘cow’ (Old English nēat). The modern English adjective neat (via French from Latin nitidus ‘clean’, ‘shining’) does not occur before the 16th century, after the main period of surname formation.
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly Kent)
English (chiefly Kent) : from Middle English heved ‘head’, applied as a nickname for someone with some peculiarity or disproportion of the head, or a topographic name for someone who lived on a hill or at the head of a stream or valley. This surname has long been established in Ireland.
Boy/Male
Bengali, Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit
Heart Beat
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly Lancashire)
English (chiefly Lancashire) : habitational name from Heap Bridge in Lancashire, or a topographic name for someone who lived by a hill or heap, from Old English hēap ‘heap’, ‘mound’, ‘hill’.
Female
Egyptian
, the daughter of Petemet and the lady Hemsuisi.
Girl/Female
Indian, Marathi
Our Heart Beat
Girl/Female
Latin
Sweet.
Male
Egyptian
, ("heart"); an early Egyptian astronomer.
Male
English
English surname transferred to forename use, HEATH means "heath."
Female
Egyptian
, the sister of the royal scribe User-hat.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Heart
Male
Arthurian
, sir Hector de Maris; (defender).
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly Nottinghamshire)
English (chiefly Nottinghamshire) : metonymic occupational name for a grower or seller of wheat, from Old English hwǣte ‘wheat’ (a derivative of hwīt ‘white’, because of its use in making white flour).
Surname or Lastname
Scottish
Scottish : Anglicized form of the Gaelic personal name Eachann (earlier Eachdonn, already confused with Norse Haakon), composed of the elements each ‘horse’ + donn ‘brown’.English : found in Yorkshire and Scotland, where it may derive directly from the medieval personal name. According to medieval legend, Britain derived its name from being founded by Brutus, a Trojan exile, and Hector was occasionally chosen as a personal name, as it was the name of the Trojan king’s eldest son. The classical Greek name, HektÅr, is probably an agent derivative of Greek ekhein ‘to hold back’, ‘hold in check’, hence ‘protector of the city’.German, French, and Dutch : from the personal name (see 2 above). In medieval Germany, this was a fairly popular personal name among the nobility, derived from classical literature. It is a comparatively rare surname in France.
NUCLEAR REACTOR-HEAT-REMOVAL
NUCLEAR REACTOR-HEAT-REMOVAL
NUCLEAR REACTOR-HEAT-REMOVAL
NUCLEAR REACTOR-HEAT-REMOVAL
NUCLEAR REACTOR-HEAT-REMOVAL
NUCLEAR REACTOR-HEAT-REMOVAL
NUCLEAR REACTOR-HEAT-REMOVAL
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