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Unexpected outcome in experiments
In science, a null result is a result without the expected content: that is, the proposed result is absent. It is an experimental outcome which does not
Null_result
Marker used in SQL databases to indicate a value does not exist
represented by Null. In the following example, multiplying 10 by Null results in Null: 10 * NULL -- Result is NULL This can lead to unanticipated results. For instance
Null_(SQL)
Optical component
This is called a null test because when the mirror is perfect, the result is null (no contours at all). If the result is not null, then the mirror is
Null_corrector
Informal fallacy
first. Null result is a term often used in science to indicate evidence of absence. A search for water on the ground may yield a null result (the ground
Argument_from_ignorance
1887 investigation of the speed of light
and intuitive explanation of the Michelson–Morley null result. In a comoving frame the null result is self-evident, since the apparatus can be considered
Michelson–Morley_experiment
Two interrelated physics theories by Albert Einstein
null result of the Michelson–Morley experiment is that the round-trip travel time for light is isotropic (independent of direction), but the result alone
Theory_of_relativity
experiment returned its famous null result. Further experiments were in general agreement with Michelson and Morley's result. By the 1920s, most scientists
Timeline of luminiferous aether
Timeline_of_luminiferous_aether
Higher probability of publishing results showing a significant finding
the null result fails to support a known finding, lose interest in the topic, or anticipate that others will be uninterested in the null results. Attempts
Publication_bias
Observed inability to reproduce scientific studies
when the results match the predicted pattern and that pattern is found to be statistically significant. Under null hypothesis assumption, results are deemed
Replication_crisis
Topics referred to by the same term
Negative result may refer to: Proof of impossibility, a proof that a particular problem cannot be solved Null result, a result which shows no evidence
Negative_result
Method of statistical inference
section). An experimental result was said to be statistically significant if a sample was sufficiently inconsistent with the (null) hypothesis. This was variously
Statistical_hypothesis_test
Obsolete postulated medium for the propagation of light
of the Earth through the aether. The publication of their result in 1887, the null result, was the first clear demonstration that something was seriously
Luminiferous_aether
SQL clause
satisfied by matching non-NULL values, column values for each matched pair of rows of A and B are combined into a result row. The result of the join can be defined
Join_(SQL)
Final event in a sequence
The result type is the data type of the data returned by a function. in science, the outcome and data concluded from an experiment (e.g. see null hypothesis)
Result
Relevance fallacy
scientific experiments, null results can be interpreted as evidence of absence. Whether the scientific community will accept a null result as evidence of absence
Evidence_of_absence
Common configuration for optical interferometry
the time believed was the medium in which light waves propagated. The null result of that experiment essentially disproved the existence of such an aether
Michelson_interferometer
Value indicating that a referenced dataset is invalid or doesn't exist
In computing, a null pointer (sometimes shortened to nullptr or null) or null reference is a value indicating that the pointer or reference does not refer
Null_pointer
Concept in inferential statistics
hypothesis testing, a result has statistical significance when a result at least as extreme would be very infrequent if the null hypothesis were true.
Statistical_significance
Signature pavilion at Expo 2025
null² (Japanese: ヌルヌル, pronounced Nurunuru) was a Signature Pavilion at the Expo 2025 Osaka, Kansai, Japan, held on Yumeshima Island in Osaka. It was produced
Null²
Binary operator in computer programming
implementations, the null coalescing operator generally returns the result of its left-most operand if it exists and is not null, and otherwise returns
Null_coalescing_operator
Concepts from statistical hypothesis testing
of a true null hypothesis in statistical hypothesis testing. A type II error, or a false negative, is the incorrect acceptance of a false null hypothesis
Type_I_and_type_II_errors
American physicist (1866–1941)
entirely different techniques, were conducted, and these returned a null result as well. Even at the time, Miller's work was increasingly considered
Dayton_Miller
done from the current node, and the result from the null move can be returned as the search value. Even if the null move search value doesn't exceed beta
Null_move
Physical and science fiction concept
1103/PhysRevLett.63.2701. PMID 10040968. Nitschke, J. M. & Wilmath, P. A. (1990). "Null result for the weight change of a spinning gyroscope". Physical Review Letters
Anti-gravity
Types of error in data reporting
where a positive result corresponds to rejecting the null hypothesis, and a negative result corresponds to not rejecting the null hypothesis. The terms
False positives and false negatives
False_positives_and_false_negatives
Whole number
can be undetermined. Any computation including a null value delivers a null result. In mathematics, there is no "positive zero" or "negative zero" distinct
0
1977 radio signal detected as part of SETI
Astronomy Observatory in Green Bank, West Virginia, also achieving a null result. In 1995 and 1996, Gray again searched for the signal using the Very
Wow!_signal
Serial cable connecting two computers
Null modem is a communication method to directly connect two DTEs (computer, terminal, printer, etc.) using an RS-232 serial cable. The name stems from
Null_modem
1901–1903 physics experiment
experiment, Trouton and Noble obtained a null result: no motion relative to the aether could be detected. This null result was reproduced, with increasing sensitivity
Trouton–Noble_experiment
Function of the observed sample results
In null-hypothesis significance testing, the p-value is the probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the result actually observed,
P-value
Probability distribution of the test statistic under the null hypothesis
the null distribution is the probability distribution of the test statistic when the null hypothesis is true. For example, in an F-test, the null distribution
Null_distribution
Computer fault caused by access to restricted memory
turn are often caused by programming errors that result in invalid memory access: Dereferencing a null pointer, which usually points to an address that's
Segmentation_fault
Modified form of the Michelson–Morley experiment, testing special relativity
fully able to explain the null results of the Michelson–Morley experiment, it is unable by itself to explain the null results of the Kennedy–Thorndike
Kennedy–Thorndike_experiment
Type of subroutine in computer science
In computer science, a null function (or null operator) is a subroutine that leaves the program state unchanged. When it is part of the instruction set
Null_function
Hypothetical invisible cosmic material
orders of magnitude, these direct detection experiments all reported null results for WIMPs across the standard GeV–TeV mass range. As of late 2025, the
Dark_matter
Propulsion system creating motion without propellant
as a thrusting antenna and the EmDrive have later been described as null results, below photon-thrust limits, or experimental artifacts rather than evidence
Reactionless_drive
Academic journal
the journal will consider for publication works reporting negative/null results, incremental advances, and replication studies, thus filling the market
Heliyon
Claimed form of extrasensory perception
parapsychology as a pseudoscience, due largely to its failure to move beyond null results in the way science usually does. Ordinarily, when experimental evidence
Clairvoyance
American musician (born 1965)
two albums, Ghosts I–IV and The Slip, independently on his own label, The Null Corporation. In 2009, Nine Inch Nails went on hiatus following the Wave Goodbye
Trent_Reznor
German term for midnight on 8 May 1945 in Germany
Zero hour (German: Stunde Null, pronounced [ˈʃtʊndə nʊl]) is a term which is used in reference to the capitulation of Germany at midnight on 8 May 1945
Zero_hour_(1945)
Statistical test comparing two probability distributions
under the null hypothesis n D n {\displaystyle {\sqrt {n}}D_{n}} converges to the Kolmogorov distribution, which does not depend on F. This result may also
Kolmogorov–Smirnov_test
Vectors mapped to 0 by a linear map
In mathematics, the kernel of a linear map, also known as the null space or nullspace, is the part of the domain which is mapped to the zero vector of
Kernel_(linear_algebra)
Control character with value 0
The null character is a control character with the value zero. Many character sets include a code point for a null character – including Unicode (Universal
Null_character
Study of collection and analysis of data
rejects the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is false. Referring to statistical significance does not necessarily mean that the overall result is significant
Statistics
1988 book by Stephen Hawking
experiment, designed to detect the speed of light through the aether, got a null result. Michelson and Morley found that the speed of light was constant regardless
A_Brief_History_of_Time
Claims of perceiving information by a 6th sense, the mind
parapsychology as a pseudoscience, due largely to its failure to move beyond null results in the way science usually does. Ordinarily, when experimental evidence
Extrasensory_perception
Misinterpretation of statistical significance
one of two results: either the null hypothesis is rejected (which however does not prove that the null hypothesis is false), or the null hypothesis cannot
Misuse_of_p-values
Object with no referenced value or with defined neutral ("null") behavior
computer programming, a null object is an object with no referenced value or with defined neutral (null) behavior. The null object design pattern, which
Null_object_pattern
Theory of interwoven space and time by Albert Einstein
which Einstein was influenced by the null result of the Michelson–Morley experiment. In any case, the null result of the Michelson–Morley experiment helped
Special_relativity
American football player (born 1988)
total passing yards and touchdown passes by a college quarterback. As a result of his on-field contributions to Houston's success, Keenum was named to
Case_Keenum
American scientist (1838–1923)
what we call a "null result" for their speed-of-light experiments. Neither he nor Michelson ever considered that these null results disproved the hypothesis
Edward_W._Morley
Part of a network quietly losing traffic
Alternatively, a null route can be implemented by forwarding packets to an illegal IP address such as 0.0.0.0, or the loopback address. Null routing has an
Black_hole_(networking)
Boolean operator
call operator, null-conditional operator, null-propagation operator) is a binary operator that returns null if its first argument is null; otherwise it
Safe_navigation_operator
German mathematician and physicist (1850–1919)
According to Voigt's first judgment, the Michelson experiment must yield a null result, independently of whether the Earth transports the luminiferous aether
Woldemar_Voigt
resulting in a maximum signal strength in the radiation pattern, called a lobe. In transmitting antennas designed to provide broad coverage nulls can
Null_(radio)
American physicist (1852–1931)
the hypothetical medium in which light was supposed to travel, resulted in a null result. Surprised, Michelson repeated the experiment with greater and
Albert_A._Michelson
Statistical hypothesis testing measure
rejecting the null hypothesis for any result with an equal or smaller p-value, the q-value gives the expected pFDR obtained by rejecting the null hypothesis
Q-value_(statistics)
Study of paranormal and psychic phenomena
possibility that psi does not exist. Because of that, they interpret null results as indicating only that they were unable to observe psi in a particular
Parapsychology
Unconditional social welfare proposal
on childcare, no self-reported decrease in barriers to employment, a null result for changes in job quality, an increase in entrepreneurial orientation
Universal_basic_income
Inertial frame of reference with stationary aether
due to the Earth's orbital speed, their experiment famously produced a null result. As a consequence, within Lorentz ether theory the Galilean transformation
Preferred_frame
Device used in gravitational wave observatories
times, always with a null result. Such experiments conducted by Joseph Weber were very controversial, and his positive results with the apparatus, in
Weber_bar
Feature of object-oriented programming
reference can be void (or null). In such cases, the call above will be a void call, leading to a run-time exception, often resulting in abnormal termination
Void_safety
contraction predicts a form of birefringence and tries to observe it. The null result questions Lorentz’s model, but it would be later explained by a combination
Timeline of special relativity and the speed of light
Timeline_of_special_relativity_and_the_speed_of_light
Elementary particle or quantum of light
field. This provides a means for precision tests of Coulomb's law. A null result of such an experiment has set a limit of m ≲ 10−14 eV/c2. Sharper upper
Photon
Legal procedure for declaring a marriage null and void
procedure within secular and religious legal systems for declaring a marriage null and void. Unlike divorce, it is usually retroactive, meaning that an annulled
Annulment
2020 nonfiction book by Stuart Richie
as perverse incentives in the peer review process and the problem of null results being difficult or impossible to publish, leading to under-reporting
Science_Fictions
Patient and public engagement in health sector
accessibility issues. Implementing research. Public members influencing how the result is taken into practice and making sure it leads to action. Public involvement
Patient and public involvement
Patient_and_public_involvement
Set of theories
detected. A range of proposed aether-dragging theories could explain the null result but these were more complex, and tended to use arbitrary-looking coefficients
Aether_theories
Suggested method of producing fusion power
reported a null result in 1991. Further experiments and a review from MIT in 1992 solved the mystery: the fusion products were the results of contamination
Cluster_impact_fusion
confirmed the null result of the initial experiment. However, in 1921–1926, Miller conducted new experiments which apparently gave positive results. Those experiments
Criticism of the theory of relativity
Criticism_of_the_theory_of_relativity
Nonfunctional allele caused by a genetic mutation
A null allele is a nonfunctional allele (a variant of a gene) caused by a genetic mutation. Such mutations can cause a complete lack of production of the
Null_allele
JSON-based wire protocol for remote procedure calls
"result": "done", "error": null, "id": "194521489"} Request and response: --> {"method": "echo", "params": ["Hello JSON-RPC"], "id": 1} <-- {"result":
JSON-RPC
Binary operator in computer programming
that always returns the same result. This code will result in a reference to an object that is guaranteed to not be null. Function f() returns an object
Elvis_operator
Computer programming problem of nested checks
either of those assumptions is wrong, the corresponding call will result in a null pointer error. To avoid this error, the programmer may have to check
Pyramid_of_doom_(programming)
Type that allows only one value
return null (in fact, typeof(null) is void): typeof(null) returnThatSpecialThing() { return null; } void writeTypeOfNull() { writeln(typeof(null)); //
Unit_type
Biosignature significance scale
demonstrating the presence of metabolic activity. However, taken together with a null result on a chemical measurement of life's organic building blocks, they cannot
Confidence of Life Detection Scale
Confidence_of_Life_Detection_Scale
Scientific phenomenon
Doppler shift between frames in uniform inertial motion must yield a null result in this experiment. Rather than being equidistant from the center, suppose
Relativistic_Doppler_effect
Statistical method for handling multiple comparisons
discovery rate (FDR) is a method of conceptualizing the rate of type I errors in null hypothesis testing when conducting multiple comparisons. FDR-controlling
False_discovery_rate
Inclination for or against
publication bias. Studies with significant results often do not appear to be superior to studies with a null result with respect to quality of design. However
Bias
individuals who frequently appear in polls are included. The "Undecided", "Blank/Null" and "Absent" groups were calculated out. Aggregate data of voting intention
Opinion polling for the 2026 Brazilian presidential election
Opinion_polling_for_the_2026_Brazilian_presidential_election
Experiment measuring the speed of light in moving water
altering the direction of a hypothetical aether wind, Hoek obtained a null result, confirming Fresnel's dragging coefficient. In the particular version
Fizeau_experiment
Statistical hypothesis test
test is valid when the test statistic is chi-squared distributed under the null hypothesis, specifically Pearson's chi-squared test and variants thereof
Chi-squared_test
Measurement method using interference of waves
effects of the motion of the Earth on the speed of light. Michelson's null results performed in the basement of the Potsdam Observatory outside of Berlin
Interferometry
Acronym for "Hypothesizing after the results are known"
contains a publication bias against null results. In order to improve their chances of publishing their results, researchers may secretly suppress any
HARKing
2006 pulp role-playing game
greater than the rated difficulty of the task; odd numbers count as a null result. Hollow World Expedition was designed by Bruce Baugh, Brannon Boren,
Hollow_Earth_Expedition
journals prefer to publish positive results of experiments and tests over null results, especially with new ideas. As a result, the journals may refuse to publish
Decline_effect
Nationalist movement in the German physics community in the early 1930s
perihelion of Mercury and the null result of the Michelson–Morley experiment might be explained in other ways, and the results of the Eddington eclipse experiment
Deutsche_Physik
Idea that the universe is fundamentally computational or informational
spacetime. After a year of data-taking the collaboration reported a null result, ruling out Hogan's specific model at high statistical significance.
Digital_physics
In-band data value that must be handled specially by computer code
may make more sense to return a null pointer or null value, or when working with option types, return the none/null option. Some examples of common sentinel
Sentinel_value
Plan for research in clinical medicine
Intention-to-treat analysis Interpretation of results Selection bias Survivorship bias Correlation does not imply causation Null result Sex as a biological variable Category
Clinical_study_design
2024 video game
created the universe over the void to seal away Null, causing it to resent them. After Hyrule was founded, Null attempted to break its seal by creating rifts
The Legend of Zelda: Echoes of Wisdom
The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Echoes_of_Wisdom
Red dwarf star in the constellation Ophiuchus
regard because their lower masses render perturbations more obvious. Null results for planetary companions continued throughout the 1980s and 1990s, including
Barnard's_Star
Irish contributions to science, technology, and engineering
direction of motion through the luminiferous aether, explaining the null result of the Michelson–Morley experiment. This FitzGerald–Lorentz contraction
Timeline of Irish inventions and discoveries
Timeline_of_Irish_inventions_and_discoveries
Scientific instrument used to measure the speed of light
of behaviors for the aether that could explain Michelson and Morley's null result, but the true explanation had to await Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity
Foucault's measurements of the speed of light
Foucault's_measurements_of_the_speed_of_light
Statistical hypothesis test
chance itself The result is not statistically significant If the F statistic > the critical F value Accept alternative hypothesis Reject null hypothesis There
F-test
Family of protocols for solving consensus
| | Prepare(1) |<---------------X--X--X--X--X | | Promise(1,{null,null,null,null,null}) x--------------->| | | | | | | Accept!(1,V1) | | | | X------------------>|->|
Paxos_(computer_science)
SQL clause
for Nulls. With the SQL:2003 extension T611, "Elementary OLAP operations", nulls can be sorted before or after all data values by using the NULLS FIRST
Order_by
Topics referred to by the same term
Hertzsprung–Russell diagram 0 allomorph, also null allomorph, a special kind of allomorph in morphology which has the form of a null morpheme 0 address arithmetic, zero
0A
Design of tasks
change in one or more independent variables is generally hypothesized to result in a change in one or more dependent variables, also referred to as "output
Design_of_experiments
Type of human genetic study conducted on twins
possibilities requires a different design (see below for an example). A null result is incompatible with a causal hypothesis. Take for instance the case
Twin_study
travel, tourism, insurance
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