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Open systems are computer systems that provide some combination of interoperability, portability, and open software standards. (It can also refer to specific
Open_system_(computing)
Organization that shares designs of data center products
The Open Compute Project (OCP) is an organization that facilitates the sharing of data center product designs and industry best practices among companies
Open_Compute_Project
Systems with external interactions
Open system (computing) Open System Environment Reference Model Openness Phantom loop Thermodynamic system Luhmann, Niklas. Social Systems. Stanford: Stanford
Open_system_(systems_theory)
Distributed network computing protocol
The Network Computing System (NCS) was an implementation of the Network Computing Architecture (NCA), launched in 1987. It comprised a set of tools for
Network_Computing_System
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up open system in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Open system may refer to: Open system (computing), one of a class of computers and associated software
Open_system
Open source middleware system for volunteer and grid computing
Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC, pronounced /bɔɪŋk/ –rhymes with "oink") is an open-source middleware system for volunteer computing
Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing
Berkeley_Open_Infrastructure_for_Network_Computing
Programmable machine that processes data
of the analytical engine's computing unit (the mill) in 1888. He gave a successful demonstration of its use in computing tables in 1906. In his work
Computer
Linux Foundation project
The Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF) is a subsidiary of the Linux Foundation founded in 2015 to support cloud-native computing. It was announced
Cloud Native Computing Foundation
Cloud_Native_Computing_Foundation
Environment in which a piece of software is executed
components of a computing platform may be obfuscated under layers of abstraction, the summation of the required components comprise the computing platform.
Computing_platform
Computer network protocol
Open Network Computing (ONC) Remote Procedure Call (RPC), commonly known as Sun RPC is a remote procedure call system. ONC was originally developed by
Sun_RPC
Use of widely distributed computer resources to reach a common goal
Grid computing is the use of widely distributed computer resources to reach a common goal. A computing grid can be thought of as a distributed system with
Grid_computing
Distributed file system protocol
many other protocols, builds on the Open Network Computing Remote Procedure Call (ONC RPC) system. NFS is an open IETF standard. After the first experimental
Network_File_System
Type of application programming interface
you sent data). OpenAPI Specification Application enablement Open system (computing) Mashup (web application hybrid) Webhook Web API Open API Initiative
Open_API
Self-managing characteristics of distributed computing resources
Autonomic computing (AC) is distributed computing resources with self-managing characteristics, adapting to unpredictable changes while hiding intrinsic
Autonomic_computing
Concept in software engineering and computer science
Ubiquitous computing (or "ubicomp") is a concept in software engineering, hardware engineering and computer science where computing is made to appear seamlessly
Ubiquitous_computing
Student organization at the University of California, Berkeley
The Open Computing Facility is a student organization at the University of California, Berkeley, and a chartered program of the ASUC. Founded in 1989,
Open_Computing_Facility
Free and open-source cloud computing management platform
openQRM is a free and open-source cloud-computing management platform for managing heterogeneous data centre infrastructures. Provides an Automated Workflow
OpenQRM
Cloud-computing platform for managing heterogeneous distributed infrastructure
OpenNebula is an open source cloud computing platform for managing heterogeneous data center, public cloud and edge computing infrastructure resources
OpenNebula
Timeline of computing presents events in the history of computing organized by year and grouped into six topic areas: predictions and concepts, first
Timeline_of_computing
Open standard for programming heterogenous computing systems, such as CPUs or GPUs
Qualcomm, Samsung, SPI and Verisilicon. OpenCL views a computing system as consisting of a number of compute devices, which might be central processing
OpenCL
Activity involving calculations or computing machinery
Computing is any goal-oriented activity that requires, benefits from, or creates computing machinery. It includes the study and experimentation of algorithmic
Computing
Research distributed operating system
Plan 9 from Bell Labs is an operating system designed by the Computing Science Research Center (CSRC) at Bell Labs in the mid-1980s, built on the UNIX
Plan_9_from_Bell_Labs
Set of computers configured in a distributed computing system
and scheduled by software. The newest manifestation of cluster computing is cloud computing. The components of a cluster are usually connected to each other
Computer_cluster
Type of data center server computer
Cisco Unified Computing System (UCS) is a data center server computer product line composed of server hardware, virtualization support, switching fabric
Cisco Unified Computing System
Cisco_Unified_Computing_System
Non-profit technology consortium to develop the Linux operating system
embedded systems. Its ecosystem includes the Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF), which hosts Kubernetes; the PyTorch Foundation; and the Open Source
Linux_Foundation
American semiconductor company
computing cluster for AI computing. A Wafer-Scale Cluster can connect up to 192 CS-2 AI systems into a cluster, while a cluster of 16 CS-2 AI systems
Cerebras_Systems
Distributed transaction processing standard
computing, the X/Open XA standard (short for "eXtended Architecture") is a specification released in 1991 by X/Open (which later merged with The Open
X/Open_XA
Specialist field of computer science
Computational science, also known as scientific computing, technical computing or scientific computation (SC), is a division of science, and more specifically
Computational_science
This is a list of open-source hardware projects, including computer systems and components, cameras, radio, telephony, science education, machines and
List of open-source hardware projects
List_of_open-source_hardware_projects
Cloud computing concept
share a common operating system kernel (OS). In recent times, containerization technology has been widely adopted by cloud computing platforms like Amazon
Containerization_(computing)
Computing involving interactive systems
Physical computing involves interactive systems that can sense and respond to the world around them.[clarification needed] While this definition is broad
Physical_computing
Standard that is openly accessible and usable by anyone
assessment Open format Open-source software Free standard Network effect Open data Open-design movement Open-source hardware Open specifications Open system (computing)
Open_standard
Approach in software development
Cloud native computing is an approach in software development that utilizes cloud computing to "build and run scalable applications in modern, dynamic
Cloud-native_computing
The concept of the cloud computing as a platform for distributed computing traces its roots back to 1993. At that time, Apple spin-off General Magic and
History_of_cloud_computing
Cloud computing model
customer data. Serverless computing represents a form of virtualized computing", according to ISO/IEC 22123-2. Serverless computing is a broad ecosystem that
Serverless_computing
Loss-of-control incident at OpenAI
billion acquisition by major OpenAI supplier Nvidia. The AI startup Hugging Face provides inference and cloud computing services for AI training and deployment
OpenAI–HuggingFace_incident
Form of shared internet-based computing
computing Edge device Exchange-traded fund File system Clustered file system Distributed file system Distributed file system for cloud Fog computing Fog
Cloud_computing
Open Architecture Computing Environment (OACE) was a specification that aimed to provide a standards-based computing environment in order to decouple computing
Open Architecture Computing Environment
Open_Architecture_Computing_Environment
High-performance computer cluster
(High-Performance Computing Cluster), also known as DAS (Data Analytics Supercomputer), is an open source, data-intensive computing system platform developed
HPCC
Programming paradigm in which many processes are executed simultaneously
parallel computing: bit-level, instruction-level, data, and task parallelism. Parallelism has long been employed in high-performance computing, but has
Parallel_computing
Research institute in high-performance computing
Svizzero di Calcolo Scientifico; CSCS) is the national high-performance computing centre of Switzerland. It was founded in Manno, canton Ticino, in 1991
Swiss National Supercomputing Centre
Swiss_National_Supercomputing_Centre
Available computing resource
multiple processes want to access the same resource). Computing resources are used in cloud computing to provide services through networks. A linearly addressable
System_resource
Reference model for network communication
The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a reference model published in 1984 by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that "provides
OSI_model
Computer hardware technology that uses quantum mechanics
information in quantum computing, the qubit (quantum bit), serves a similar function as the bit in ordinary or "classical" computing. Unlike a classical
Quantum_computing
Distribution of jobs across different computers
centralized computing exists when the majority of functions are carried out or obtained from a remote centralized location. Decentralized computing is a trend
Decentralized_computing
Cloud computing software
Eucalyptus is a paid and open-source computer software for building Amazon Web Services (AWS)-compatible private and hybrid cloud computing environments, originally
Eucalyptus_(software)
Computer operating system
OpenVMS, often referred to as just VMS, is a multi-user, multiprocessing and virtual memory-based operating system. It is designed to support time-sharing
OpenVMS
Computing system
Constellation System is an open petascale computing environment introduced by Sun Microsystems in 2007. Sun Blade 6048 Modular System Sun Blade X6275
Sun_Constellation_System
1983 joint project by MIT, IBM and DEC
distributed computing. It created the X Window System, Kerberos, and Zephyr Notification Service. It influenced the development of thin computing, LDAP, Active
Project_Athena
Parallel computing platform: GPGPU libraries and application programming interface
including general-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU), high-performance computing (HPC), and heterogeneous computing. It offers several programming
ROCm
Commodity computing (also known as commodity cluster computing) involves the use of large numbers of already-available computing components for parallel
Commodity_computing
Open-source network operating system
Software for Open Networking in the Cloud or alternatively abbreviated and stylized as SONiC, is a free and open source network operating system based on
SONiC_(operating_system)
OpenMDAO is an open-source high-performance computing platform for systems analysis and multidisciplinary optimization written in the Python programming
OpenMDAO
Executing several computations during overlapping time periods
Concurrent computing is a form of computing in which several computations are executed concurrently—during overlapping time periods—instead of sequentially—with
Concurrent_computing
Computer system simulating intelligence
soft computing techniques, which are used in artificial intelligence on the one hand and computational intelligence on the other. In hard computing (HC)
Computational_intelligence
Particular execution of a computer program
In computing, a process is the instance of a computer program that is being executed by one or many threads. There are many different process models,
Process_(computing)
Free and open-source productivity software suite
purpose of using OpenDesk for digital sovereignty. B1 Systems provides the SaaS configuration of OpenDesk through the cloud computing platform StackIT
OpenDesk
Category of cloud computing
the main business model for computing, and cluster computing enabled multiple computers to work together. Cloud computing emerged in the late 1990s with
Software_as_a_service
Quantum computing company
Architecture for Adiabatic Quantum Computing of NP-Hard Problems". Quantum Computing & Quantum Bits in Mesoscopic Systems. Kluwer Academic. arXiv:quant-ph/0211152
D-Wave_Systems
Computing command
meaning "list open files", which is used in many Unix-like systems to report a list of all open files and the processes that opened them. This open source utility
Lsof
Computing with supercomputers and clusters
parallel computing and distributed computing into a multidisciplinary field that combines digital electronics, computer architecture, system software
High-performance_computing
The history of computing extends beyond the history of computing hardware and modern computing technology including earlier methods that relied on pen
History_of_computing
Global computing organization
covers a particular aspect of computing and related disciplines, as detailed below. IFIP actively promotes the principle of open access and proceedings for
International Federation for Information Processing
International_Federation_for_Information_Processing
Open source implementation of the Baseboard Management Controllers (BMC) Firmware Stack
stack. OpenBMC is a Linux distribution for BMCs meant to work across heterogeneous systems that include enterprise, high-performance computing (HPC),
OpenBMC
Amount of computational work that a computer system performs
In UNIX computing, the system load is a measure of the amount of computational work that a computer system performs. The load average represents the average
Load_(computing)
Cloud computing service
Oracle Cloud is a cloud computing service offered by Oracle Corporation providing servers, storage, network, applications and services through a global
Oracle_Cloud
Technology developed and promoted by the Trusted Computing Group
Trusted Computing (TC) is a technology developed and promoted by the Trusted Computing Group. The term is taken from the field of trusted systems and has
Trusted_Computing
Quantum computing company
applications ranging from quantum computing to deep-space communication and bio-imaging. In 2025, Multiverse Computing launched compressed Llama 3.1 8B
Multiverse_Computing
Concept in computer science
successor. Reversible computing is considered an unconventional approach to computation and is closely linked to quantum computing, where the principles
Reversible_computing
International Society for Computing
The Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) is an international learned society for computing founded on September 15, 1947, and headquartered in New
Association for Computing Machinery
Association_for_Computing_Machinery
Open-source software for large language model inference
inference, quantization, and OpenAI-compatible APIs. vLLM was introduced in 2023 by researchers affiliated with the Sky Computing Lab at UC Berkeley. Its core
VLLM
List of mascots for computer hardware, software, and concepts
This is a list of computing mascots. A mascot is any person, animal, or object thought to bring luck, or anything used to represent a group with a common
List_of_computing_mascots
Computing company founded in 2014
Cambridge Quantum Computing (CQC). HQS was founded in 2014. The company used a trapped-ion architecture for its quantum computing hardware, which Honeywell
Quantinuum
American conference for women in computing
Celebration of Women in Computing (GHC) is a series of conferences designed to bring the research and career interests of women in computing to the forefront
Grace Hopper Celebration of Women in Computing
Grace_Hopper_Celebration_of_Women_in_Computing
Operating system
OSv) is a cloud computing focused computer operating system released on September 16, 2013. It is a special-purpose operating system built to run as a
OSv
Information technology paradigm
Dew computing is an information technology (IT) paradigm that combines the core concept of cloud computing with the capabilities of end devices (personal
Dew_computing
Message-passing system for parallel computers
high-performance computing as of 2006. The standard’s goals include high performance, scalability, and portability across parallel computing architectures
Message_Passing_Interface
Combined real-and-virtual environment
glasses Spatial computing – Computing paradigm emphasizing 3D spatial interaction with technology Wearable computer – Small computing device worn on the
Extended_reality
High-throughput computing software
HTCondor is an open-source high-throughput computing software framework for coarse-grained distributed parallelization of computationally intensive tasks
HTCondor
1982 Japanese initiative to develop advanced computers
"fifth generation" was chosen to emphasize the system's advanced nature. In the history of computing hardware, there had been four prior "generations"
Fifth Generation Computer Systems
Fifth_Generation_Computer_Systems
Academic journal
Theory of Computing Systems is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Springer Verlag. Published since 1967 as Mathematical Systems Theory and
Theory_of_Computing_Systems
American computer company, 1982–2010
evolution of several key computing technologies, among them Unix, RISC processors, thin client computing, and virtualized computing. At its height, Sun's
Sun_Microsystems
Remote computer desktop sharing protocol
In computing, SPICE (the Simple Protocol for Independent Computing Environments) is a remote-display system built for virtual environments which allows
Simple Protocol for Independent Computing Environments
Simple_Protocol_for_Independent_Computing_Environments
US artificial intelligence company
OpenAI agreed to purchase $250 billion of Azure services, with Microsoft ceding their right of first refusal over OpenAI's future cloud computing purchases
OpenAI
engaged in the development of quantum computing, quantum communication and quantum sensing. Quantum computing and communication are two sub-fields of
List of companies involved in quantum computing, communication or sensing
List_of_companies_involved_in_quantum_computing,_communication_or_sensing
Cloud computing software
OpenStack is a free, open standard cloud computing platform. It is mostly deployed as infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) in both public and private clouds
OpenStack
Type of extremely powerful computer
from various CPU systems. The Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing (BOINC) platform hosts a number of volunteer computing projects. As of
Supercomputer
Open-source graphics hardware project
Electronics portal Free and open-source software portal Graphics hardware and FOSS Open-source hardware Open system (computing) RISC-V "OGD1's Now Available
Open_Graphics_Project
Standard for archival system
The term Open Archival Information System (or OAIS) refers to the ISO OAIS Reference Model for an OAIS. This reference model is defined by recommendation
Open Archival Information System
Open_Archival_Information_System
Computer system with a dedicated function
that it is embedded within, it often has real-time computing constraints. Modern embedded systems are often based on microcontrollers (i.e., microprocessors
Embedded_system
Architecture that uses edge devices
computing), storage, and communication locally and routed over the Internet backbone. In 2011, the need to extend cloud computing with fog computing emerged
Fog_computing
Software system
In computing, an open platform describes a software system which is based on open standards, such as published and fully documented external application
Open_platform
Daemonless OCI-compliant container runtime
that it will contribute Podman and Podman Desktop to the Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF), by that point, Podman Desktop had already been downloaded
Podman
Privacy-enhancing computing technique
Confidential computing is a security and privacy-enhancing computational technique focused on protecting data in use. Confidential computing can be used
Confidential_computing
Study of computation
and databases. In the early days of computing, a number of terms for the practitioners of the field of computing were suggested (albeit facetiously) in
Computer_science
Windowing system for bitmap displays on UNIX-like systems
available as free and open-source software under the MIT License and similar permissive licenses. X is an architecture-independent system for remote graphical
X_Window_System
Web-based publication of MIT course content
infrastructure" that consists of planning tools, a content management system (CMS), and the MIT OpenCourseWare content distribution infrastructure. Video content
MIT_OpenCourseWare
Open-source software development kit
(Quantum Information Software Kit) is an open-source, Python-based, high-performance software stack for quantum computing, originally developed by IBM Research
Qiskit
Computer program that runs as a background process
implements system logging facility, and sshd is a daemon that serves incoming SSH connections. Even though the concept can apply to many computing systems, the
Daemon_(computing)
Free, cross-platform and open-source computer program
to bring containers and reproducibility to scientific computing and the high-performance computing (HPC) world. The need for reproducibility requires the
Apptainer
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