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Thinning and spreading of a thickened crust
In geology, orogenic collapse is the thinning and lateral spread of thickened crust. It is a broad term referring to processes which distribute material
Orogenic_collapse
Small tectonic plate in the eastern Mediterranean Sea
crust has been thinned through various processes, including post-orogenic collapse and crustal extension. This extension is responsible for the formation
Aegean_Sea_plate
Mountain building event caused by the collision of Laurentia, Baltica and Avalonia
tectonic event throughout this 200 million years can be considered as an orogenic phase." This includes tectonic events which were smaller, localised and
Caledonian_orogeny
Mesoproterozoic mountain-building event
orogenic belt which spans a significant portion of the North American continent, from Labrador to Mexico, as well as to Scotland. Grenville orogenic crust
Grenville_orogeny
Fifth period of the Paleozoic Era
the Slide Mountain Ocean. Along the northern margin of Laurussia, orogenic collapse of the Late Devonian to Early Mississippian Innuitian orogeny led
Carboniferous
Natural processes removing soil and rock
argued that extension during post-orogenic collapse is a more effective mechanism of lowering the height of orogenic mountains than erosion. Examples of
Erosion
Mountain range in Finland, Norway, and Sweden
present-day Scandinavian Mountains. The Caledonian Mountains began a post-orogenic collapse in the Devonian, implying tectonic extension and subsidence. Despite
Scandinavian_Mountains
Mountain
which was intruded deep into the thickened crust of the SGT during Orogenic collapse of the Pan-African highlands. After approximately 800-500 million
Anamudi
System that relates geologic strata to time
western Laurussia. Kazakhstania and Tarim collide with Siberia. Orogenic collapse of Variscan orogeny and early extension along the lines of the future
Geologic_time_scale
Drying-up of the Mediterranean Sea 5.96–5.33 million years ago
March 2023. TURNER, S. (1 June 1999). "Magmatism Associated with Orogenic Collapse of the Betic-Alboran Domain, SE Spain". Journal of Petrology. 40 (6):
Messinian_salinity_crisis
Fourth period of the Paleozoic Era
the Caledonian Orogeny wound down in the later part of the period, orogenic collapse facilitated a cluster of granite intrusions in Scotland. Most of Laurussia
Devonian
First period of the Mesozoic Era
structures of the Variscan orogeny, and began immediately after the orogenic collapse of the Variscan belt. Extension began in the northern Central Atlantic
Triassic
Alternating landscape of parallel mountain ranges and valleys
& Miller, E. L. "Extension of the Basin and Range Province: Late orogenic collapse or something else?". Retrieved May 11, 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint:
Basin_and_range_topography
Remains of an orogenic belt formed during the Silurian–Devonian period
Scandinavian Caledonides are the vestiges of an ancient, today deeply eroded orogenic belt formed during the Silurian–Devonian continental collision of Baltica
Scandinavian_Caledonides
The Alps form part of a Cenozoic orogenic belt of mountain chains, called the Alpide belt, that stretches through southern Europe and Asia from the Atlantic
Geology_of_the_Alps
Geological process of stretching planet crust
S2CID 4326485. Dunlap, J. W.; Fossen, H. (1998). "Early Paleozoic orogenic collapse, tectonic stability, and late Paleozoic continental rifting revealed
Extensional_tectonics
C.; Pubellier, M.; Chamot-Rooke, N.; Watremez, L. (2018). "From orogenic collapse to rifting: A case study of the northern Porcupine Basin, offshore
Rockall–Porcupine_margin
Geological rock movement process
wedge, by obduction and/or as a process during the orogenic cycle (i.e. mountain building and collapse cycle). During the subduction of an oceanic plate
Exhumation_(geology)
Interactions between erosion and tectonics and their implications
under a dominant wind direction. Dynamic topography Glacial buzzsaw Orogenic collapse Post-glacial rebound Willett, Sean D.; Hovius, Niels; Brandon, Mark
Erosion_and_tectonics
Collision of tectonic plates resulting in the creation of mountains
isostatic thinning, driven by gravitational collapse or changes in plate kinematics. This late-orogenic extension, lasting into the Permian, involved
Variscan_orogeny
Mountain-building episode in North America
late Eocene to early Miocene, this could be evidence the Sevier orogenic event collapsing after deactivation. Thickening of the crust due to Sevier and
Sevier_orogeny
Earthquake in Taiwan
paper titled "Lower-crustal rheology and thermal gradient in the Taiwan orogenic belt illuminated by the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake" which was published in
1999_Jiji_earthquake
Earth science program exploring the structure of the North American continent
crust and lithospheric mantle related? What is the role of extension, orogenic collapse, and rifting in constructing the continents? EarthScope acquired 3D
EarthScope
Passive-active rift basin in central and west Europe
the present day regional lithosphere, and by the time of the post-orogenic collapse of the Variscan Orogeny the supercontinent Pangea had completely formed
North_German_basin
Origins and structure of the Himalayan Mountain range
doi:10.1038/379505a0. S2CID 4362558. Dewey, J.F. (1988). "Extensional collapse of orogens". Tectonics. 7 (6): 1123–1139. Bibcode:1988Tecto...7.1123D.
Geology_of_the_Himalayas
Geological formation located in Morocco
tectonic instability and erosion related to crustal thinning or post-orogenic collapse of the Variscan mountains. The end of the Timezgadiouine Formation
Timezgadiouine_Formation
Continental crustal block in China, Inner Mongolia, the Yellow Sea, and North Korea
in Jurassic to Cretaceous. The orogenic belt and plateau (Hubei collisional plateau and Yanshan belt) started to collapse and formed metamorphic core complexes
North_China_Craton
Sedimentary basin in Norway
It was formed as a result of extensional tectonics during the post-orogenic collapse of crust thickened during the Caledonian orogeny, towards the end
Solund_Basin
Sedimentary basin in Vestland, Norway
It formed as a result of extensional tectonics as part of the post-orogenic collapse of crust that was thickened during the Caledonian Orogeny towards
Hornelen_Basin
synkinematic leucogranites and monzogranites. Phase D5. Asturian phase. Post-orogenic collapse at the end of the Carboniferous (Kasimovian). The stresses causing
Geology_of_the_Massif_Central
Obsolete geological concept to explain orogens
called geanticlines (or geanticlinals), that preceded the climax phase of orogenic deformation. The geosyncline concept was first conceived by the American
Geosyncline
and extensive melting of the crust followed by a transition to post-orogenic collapse, an episode which is preserved in the Choiyoi Group volcanic province
Tectonic evolution of Patagonia
Tectonic_evolution_of_Patagonia
Triassic lava flow in the United States
side which began to cause extension in Pangea's interior. Along with orogenic collapse and thermal mantle heating caused by the enormous size of Pangea,
Mount_Zion_Church_Basalt
European regional geology
polycyclic geological evolution, the Pyrenees can be attributed to two major orogenic cycles: a prealpine cycle. an alpine cycle. Structural and petrological
Geology_of_the_Pyrenees
Mountain range in Eurasia
Caledonides, Variscides), the Urals have not undergone post-orogenic extensional collapse and are unusually well preserved for their age, being underlaid
Ural_Mountains
Zone of deformed rocks in Norway
the largest structures formed during the extensional late orogenic to post-orogenic collapse of the Caledonian mountain belt. This zone of thickened crust
Nordfjord-Sogn_Detachment
Prehistoric ocean between Gondwana and Laurasia
regarded Tethys as a composite trough, which evolved through a series of orogenic cycles. They used the terms 'Paleotethys', 'Mesotethys', and 'Neotethys'
Tethys_Ocean
Volcanic caldera in the United states
end of the Snake River Plain and disrupts the continuity of the Laramide orogenic belt, which formed during the Late Cretaceous. From about 53 to 43 million
Yellowstone_Caldera
Neoproterozoic to Cretaceous landmass
fragments of a much older supercontinent, Rodinia, to amalgamate. One of those orogenic belts, the Mozambique Belt, formed 800 to 650 Ma and was originally interpreted
Gondwana
Professor of geology
lithospheric deformation across various geological contexts, including orogenic wedges and metamorphic core complexes like those in the Western US Cordillera
John_P._Platt
and slides onto the old slab. The old slab breaks off and the orogenic wedge collapses. The new slab stops the lateral motion and subducts beneath. The
Subduction_polarity_reversal
Topics referred to by the same term
Meseta (volcano), a partially collapsed volcanic vent of Volcán de Fuego in Guatemala Moroccan Meseta Mountains, the orogenic belt of the Moroccan coastal
Meseta
Known mountain building events of the Earth's history
previous Svecofennian orogeny), (1.75–1.5 Ga) Sveconorwegian orogeny – Orogenic belt in southwestern Sweden and southern Norway – Essentially reworking
List_of_orogenies
Type of igneous rock
stock masses (stocks) and in batholiths that are often associated with orogenic mountain ranges. Small dikes of granitic composition called aplites are
Granite
Mw 7.6 earthquake in Hebei, China
crustal blocks that left a belt of uplifted mountains – the Central (China) Orogenic Belt (COB) – that crosses China approximately southwest to northeast, passing
1976_Tangshan_earthquake
China) consists of three Precambrian cratons surrounded by a number of orogenic belts. The modern tectonic environment is dominated by the continued collision
Geology_of_China
Ancient string of microcontinents that rifted from Gondwana
together forming what Şengör called the Tethysides super-orogenic system. These two orogenic systems are thus associated with two major periods of ocean
Cimmeria_(continent)
British structural geologist
S2CID 122295871. Dewey, J. F.; Ryan, P. D.; Andersen, T. B. (1993). "Orogenic uplift and collapse, crustal thickness, fabrics and metamorphic phase changes: the
John_Frederick_Dewey
Mountain range of eastern equatorial Africa
and quartzite. The Rwenzori mountains are the highest non-volcanic, non-orogenic mountains in the world. This uplift divided the paleolake Obweruka and
Rwenzori_Mountains
Exposure of Precambrian crystalline rocks on the flanks of the Red Sea
faults and northwest–southeast trending sedimentary basins filled with post-orogenic molasse deposits Crustal weaknesses before 500 Ma influenced continental
Arabian-Nubian_Shield
Accounting of heat created within the Earth
Kranendonk, M. (2008). When did plate tectonics begin? Evidence from the orogenic record. When did plate tectonics begin on planet Earth, 199–208. Stern
Earth's_internal_heat_budget
Geological processes in Sweden, Finland, and Russia
subduction included alternating extension and compression cycles, with the orogenic activity ceasing after the collision between the Fennoscandian Craton and
Svecofennian_orogeny
Stack of originally planar surfaces
distributed on a regional scale constitutes a fold belt, a common feature of orogenic zones. Folds are commonly formed by shortening of existing layers, but
Fold_(geology)
Subtype of granite formed in anorogenic or anhydrous conditions
as these granites are characterized by low water content and a lack of orogenic or transitional tectonic fabric. Other SIAM categories are S, I, and M
A-type_granite
Major mountain range in Central Europe
continues into the present. The formation of the Alps was a segment of this orogenic process, caused by the collision between the African and the Eurasian plates
Alps
Movement of rock or soil down slopes
"Mass wasting triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake is greater than orogenic growth" (PDF). Nature Geoscience. 4 (7): 449–452. Bibcode:2011NatGe...4
Mass_wasting
Records of Earth's development
difficult. Paleomagnetic poles are supplemented by geologic evidence such as orogenic belts, which mark the edges of ancient plates, and past distributions of
History_of_Earth
7.4 magnitude earthquake in Taiwan
February 2018. Retrieved 8 February 2018. Molli G.; Malavieille J. (2010). "Orogenic processes and the Corsica/Apennines geodynamic evolution: insights from
2024_Hualien_earthquake
Eburnean Orogeny: asthenospheric upwelling releases large volume of post-orogenic magmas – magma events repeatedly reactivated from the Neoproterozoic to
Timeline_of_Earth
Surface magma that becomes igneous rock
lithosphere: Petrogenesis of Mesozoic magmatic rocks in the Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt". Science in China Series D: Earth Sciences. 52 (9): 1295–1318. Bibcode:2009ScChD
Magmatism
Ongoing mountain-forming process in South America
the accretion of terranes in the Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic. Andean orogenic deformation in northern Peru can be traced to the Albian (Early Cretaceous)
Andean_orogeny
the Silurian. Within the entire exposed 1800 kilometre length of this orogenic belt the following sequence is recognised from the base upwards: Autochthon
Geology_of_Norway
Lake in Eurasia
Caucasus Mountains, making lasting south and west limits to the basin. This orogenic movement was continuous, while the Caspian was regularly disconnected from
Caspian_Sea
Volcano in Turkey
volcanic events and its significance on the development of Central Anatolian Orogenic Plateau". EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts. 12: 10147. Bibcode:2010EGUGA
Mount_Erciyes
Tectonic belt of earthquakes and volcanoes
fact that volcanoes do not burn the Earth with fire. The existence of an orogenic belt of volcanic activity around the Pacific Ocean was known in the early
Ring_of_Fire
Marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean
dominated by extensional tectonics, caused by the collapse of the Caledonian and Uralian orogenic belts and the break-up of Pangaea. These events created
Barents_Sea
ologistsas' cient Tethys. At the end of the Paleozoic Era, tectonic and orogenic movements took place, known as the Hercynian orogeny (or Hercynian folding)
Topography_of_Spain
6.1 magnitude earthquake in Yunnan, China
Seismicity in this region of southeast Asia is the direct result of the orogenic activity of the Himalayan mountain belt. Due to the complex interaction
2014_Ludian_earthquake
Strong earthquake in Victoria, Australia
the boundary. The earthquake is situated in the Lachlan Fold Belt, an orogenic belt consisting of folded and faulted strata. This zone formed as a result
2021_Mansfield_earthquake
Tectonic process in which eclogite is formed
Mary L. (February 15, 2001). "Arrested orogenic development: eclogitization, delamination, and tectonic collapse". Earth and Planetary Science Letters
Eclogitization
collision of Eurasian and African plate continued. Since late Oligocene, the orogenic process started when sediments accreted onto the Calabrian block while
Geology_of_Sicily
Magnitude 6.4 earthquake in Taiwan
VICE News. Retrieved 8 February 2018. Molli G.; Malavieille J. (2010). "Orogenic processes and the Corsica/Apennines geodynamic evolution: insights from
2018_Hualien_earthquake
Innermost Galilean moon of Jupiter
Mushy Magma Ocean". The Gish Bar Times. Jaeger, W. L.; et al. (2003). "Orogenic tectonism on Io". J. Geophys. Res. 108 (E8): 12–1. Bibcode:2003JGRE..108
Io_(moon)
Country in Northwestern Europe
Anglo-Belgian Basin, and the Ardennes uplands in the southeast to the Hercynian orogenic belt. The Paris Basin reaches a small fourth area at Belgium's southernmost
Belgium
Earthquake affecting Hungary
the Western Carpathians: How Large-Scale Processes Are Expressed by the Orogenic Architecture and Rock Record Data". Tectonics. 37 (7): 2029–2079. doi:10
1763_Komárom_earthquake
Mesozoic–Cenozoic plateau in North America
Roy; Haxel, Gordon B. (22 November 2019). "Geochemical evidence for an orogenic plateau in the southern U.S. and northern Mexican Cordillera during the
Nevadaplano
Glaciologist
is "The relative efficacy of fluvial and glacial erosion over modern to orogenic timescales". She and her co-author, David Montgomery, present that there
Michele_Koppes
Geologic dome in Texas, United States
Mosher, S., 1998. Tectonic evolution of the southern Laurentian Grenville orogenic belt. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 110(11), pp. 1357-1375. Mosher
Llano_Uplift
French geologist (born 1953)
citations. He specializes in research on deformation of lithosphere underlying orogenic domains of Earth's continents. He and his co-workers have done extensive
Jacques_Malavieille
Extinct Permian-aged supervolcano in southern Italian Alps
large scale extensional and strike-slip tectonics, and the collapse of the Variscan Orogenic Belt. This belt covers over 2,000 square kilometres (770 mi2)
Ora_Caldera
Damaging earthquake centered in Tainan City, Taiwan
February 2018. Retrieved 30 January 2025. Molli G.; Malavieille J. (2010). "Orogenic processes and the Corsica/Apennines geodynamic evolution: insights from
2025_Tainan–Chiayi_earthquake
Volcanic region on Jupiter's moon Io
L.; Turtle, E. P.; Keszthelyi, L. P.; McEwen, A. S. (Aug 19, 2003). "Orogenic Tectonism on Io". Journal of Geophysical Research. 108 (E8): 12–1. Bibcode:2001LPI
Chaac-Camaxtli_region
Eastern branch of the East African Rift fracture system
lies within the Mozambique Belt, often considered to be the remains of an orogenic system similar to the Himalayas. This belt runs from Ethiopia through Kenya
Gregory_Rift
Second of the big five mass extinctions
Devonian): Shallow water anoxia in an open oceanic setting in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 399: 394–403
Late_Devonian_mass_extinction
interiors of tectonic plates, having remained relatively unaffected by orogenic and tectonic activity for very long periods of time. creek A small, intermittent
Glossary of geography terms (A–M)
Glossary_of_geography_terms_(A–M)
controlling foreland development – the role of mechanical (de)coupling of orogenic wedges and forelands". Stephan Mueller Special Publication Series. 1: 17–56
Forebulge
Earthquake took place on March 31st 2002
April 2002. Retrieved 18 April 2020. Molli G.; Malavieille J. (2010). "Orogenic processes and the Corsica/Apennines geodynamic evolution: insights from
2002_Taiwan_earthquake
Northern landmass that formed part of the Pangaea supercontinent
the south. The closure of this ocean is preserved in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, the largest orogen on Earth. North China, South China, Indochina
Laurasia
12th-century earthquake in Syria
shock occurred which caused the collapse of many buildings, killing thousands of people. The walls of the citadel collapsed, as did the walls east and west
1138_Aleppo_earthquake
Geologic Feature
volcanic rocks pointing to a convergent setting such as an island arc or orogenic belt. Minor sedimentary beds such as chert and slate are found in VMS deposits
Hydrothermal_mineral_deposit
Country in Southern Africa
brought the scientific community's attention to the growing evidence of orogenically-emplaced mantle rocks from the diamond stability field, co-authoring
Lesotho
Sub-block of the North China craton
extrusive igneous rocks, which are located in Sanyitang (in Hebei) in the orogenic belt across the block. The sedimentary rocks distribute predominantly in
Western Block of the North China Craton
Western_Block_of_the_North_China_Craton
December 1, 2021. Retrieved July 16, 2017. Gill, J.B. (1982). "Andesites: Orogenic andesites and related rocks". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 46 (12):
Geography_of_Japan
Lava dome in Washington, United States
Pleistocene. Rocks in the Wind River area have not been altered significantly by orogenic movement (large structural deformation of the Earth's crust and uppermost
West_Crater
Earth's dry surface
growth and the supercontinental cycle: evidence from the Central Asian Orogenic Belt". Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 23 (5): 799. Bibcode:2004JAESc
Land
City in the Midlands province, Zimbabwe
and Globe and Phoenix gold deposits display typical features of Archean orogenic lode gold systems such as fluid inclusions with low salinity, mixed aqueous-carbonic
Kwekwe
Thrust belt
to 3° toward the southeast due to the lithostatic load exerted by the orogenic prism on the European plate. The Jura is also traversed by a set of strike-slip
Geology_of_the_Jura_Massif
Archipelago in north-western Europe
several regions with past episodes of tectonic mountain building. These orogenic belts form a complex geology that records a huge and varied span of Earth's
British_Isles
Slime mold that forms a volcano-shaped fruiting body
are amoeboid during stalk formation. As the sorocarp reaches max height, orogenic cells begin to depict differential shapes and thus different functions
Fonticula
American geochemist and geologist
M. (2000). "Tectonic Implications of U-Pb Zircon Ages of the Himalayan Orogenic Belt in Nepal". Science. 288 (5465): 497–499. Bibcode:2000Sci...288..497D
Jay_Quade
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