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Book by Epiphanius of Salamis about Christian heresies
In early Christian heresiology, the Panarion (Koine Greek: Πανάριον, derived from Latin panarium, meaning "bread basket"), to which 16th-century Latin
Panarion
4th–century Christian bishop and saint
as a strong defender of orthodoxy. He is best known for composing the Panarion, a compendium of eighty heresies, which also included pagan religions and
Epiphanius_of_Salamis
First-century Christian sect
Peshitta, from Nasrat (ܢܨܪܬ) for Nazareth. According to Epiphanius in his Panarion, the 4th-century Nazoreans (Ναζωραῖοι) were originally Jewish converts
Nazarene_(sect)
Early Christian movement
and practices (Panarion 30.17). Epiphanius explains the origin of the name Elchasai to be Aramaic El Ksai, meaning "hidden power" (Panarion 19.2.1). Scholar
Ebionites
Christian Gnostic sect
said to be descended from the Nicolaitans. The group is described in the Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis (ch. 26), and Theodoret's Haereticarum Fabularum
Borborites
Husband of Mary and legal father of Jesus
story. According to the bishop of Salamis, Epiphanius, in his work The Panarion (AD 374–375) Joseph became the father of James and his three brothers (Joses
Saint_Joseph
Member of Jesus' family according to the New Testament
Doctrinae Rudimentum. The bishop of Salamis, Epiphanius, wrote in his work The Panarion (AD 374–375) that Joseph became the father of James and his three brothers
Jude,_brother_of_Jesus
Council of Christian bishops in Nicaea, 325
Chapter 33. Chronicon Paschale. Panarion, Book 3, Chapter 1, Section 10. Chrysostom, p. 47. SEC, p. 594. Panarion, Book 3, Chapter 1. Sozomen, Book
First_Council_of_Nicaea
Vessel in the Genesis flood narrative
the fourth century, Epiphanius of Salamis wrote about Noah's Ark in his Panarion, saying "Thus even today the remains of Noah's ark are still shown in Cardyaei
Noah's_Ark
Gnostic text written by Ptolemy
available to scholars. The letter was included in full in Epiphanius's Panarion, an unsympathetic text which condemns its theology as heretical. Ptolemy's
Letter_to_Flora
Ancient group alleged to have worshipped Mary, mother of Jesus, as a goddess
existence of the Collyridians is doubtful: they are only mentioned in the Panarion of Epiphanius and possibly in the Quran. According to Epiphanius, this
Collyridianism
Christian sect active from the 3rd to the 5th century
opponent, Epiphanius of Salamis, who described them as heretical in his Panarion. The existence of the Antidicomarians as an organized sect may be doubted
Antidicomarians
Apostle of Jesus
taken from an earlier document mentioned by Epiphanius of Salamis in his Panarion called "The Itinerary of Peter". Peter may have visited Corinth, where
Saint_Peter
Gnostic religion
— Epiphanius's Panarion 1:19 Ossaeans have abandoned Judaism for the sect of the Sampsaeans, who are no longer either Jews or Christians. — Epiphanius's Panarion 1:20
Mandaeism
First leader of the Church of Jerusalem
years". Epiphanius (4th century), bishop of Salamis, wrote in his work The Panarion (374–375 AD) that "James, the brother of the Lord died in virginity at
James,_brother_of_Jesus
Extra-canonical sayings gospel
the (Father's) kingdom and will become greater than John." Epiphanius. Panarion 30:13. There was a certain man named Jesus, about thirty years old, who
Gospel_of_Thomas
Mother of Jesus
Epiphanius of Salamis, who wrote about the group in his writings titled Panarion. During the era of the Byzantine Empire, Mary was venerated as the virginal
Mary,_mother_of_Jesus
Apocryphal gospel
gospel extant only as seven brief quotations in a heresiology known as the Panarion, by Epiphanius of Salamis; he misidentified it as the "Hebrew" gospel,
Gospel_of_the_Ebionites
2nd century Christian sect
encountered and guests who visited them. They are known chiefly from the Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis, which describes how disciples of the sect were
Valesians
Early Christian sect in North Africa
principal source is Epiphanius of Salamis, who described the sect in his Panarion (c. 374–377 CE), a compendium of eighty heresies. Augustine of Hippo also
Adamites
Christian monk, priest, hymnographer and apologist (675/6–749)
literally meaning "About Heresies") – Based on the previous work of the Panarion (Koinē Greek: Πανάριον, derived from Latin: panarium, meaning "bread basket")
John_of_Damascus
Early Christian and Jewish religious systems
notes, and dissertations. London: Macmillan Publishers. OCLC 6150927. "Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis, Book 1". 2015-09-06. Archived from the original
Gnosticism
Angel in Abrahamic religions
Gospel of the Hebrews, the pseudo-Clementine writings, and Epiphanius's Panarion appear to share this view. Other second- and third-century texts show that
Michael_(archangel)
Prophet (6 BC – AD 30)
Referring to Epiphanius' quotation from the Gospel of the Ebionites in Panarion 30.13, "And his food, it says, was wild honey whose taste was of manna
John_the_Baptist
Catechetical work by Epiphanius of Salamis
space to developing heretical doctrines or their confutation as in the Panarion, but he explains the Christian dogma from Bible and tradition. This work
Ancoratus
Religious figure who confronted Peter
Salamis also makes Simon speak in the first person in several places in his Panarion, and the implication is that he is quoting from a version of[clarification
Simon_Magus
Mostly lost text of New Testament apocrypha
Perfection. The only known content from it are a few quotations by Epiphanius (Panarion, 26), a Church Father who criticised how the Borborites used it to justify
Gospel_of_Eve
different sect in the Panarion. He mentions them three times in the book. See here [1]. A gnostic sect mentioned in the Panarion, Against the Nicolaitans
List_of_Gnostic_sects
Saint and follower of Jesus
mentioned by the early Christian heretic-hunter Epiphanius of Salamis in his Panarion. Epiphanius says that the Greater Questions of Mary contained an episode
Mary_Magdalene
described by the early Christian heretic-hunter Epiphanius of Salamis in his Panarion. Epiphanius claims that the Borborites had a sacred text called the Greater
Ingestion_of_semen_in_humans
Astronomical phenomenon
the Egyptians brought an idol of a child Sun god out of a shrine. In his Panarion, also from the fourth century, Epiphanius of Salamis wrote that the winter
Winter_solstice
Largest city in the Northern District of Israel
popular in Hellenized Galilean cities such as Gadara. Epiphanius in his Panarion (c. AD 375) numbers Nazareth among the cities devoid of a non-Jewish population
Nazareth
Great Feast in various Christian churches
a monk for over 20 years in Palestine from 335–340 to 362, writes in "Panarion" in "Contra antidicomarianitas" about the end of the Virgin Mary the following:
Dormition of the Mother of God
Dormition_of_the_Mother_of_God
Jewish sect during the Second Temple period
October 2014. Epiphanius of Salamis (c. 378). Panarion. 1:19. Epiphanius of Salamis (c. 378). Panarion. 1:18. Mulder, Martin-Jan (1 January 1988). The
Essenes
Prophet of an early Christian sect
extent to which the three prophets shared power. In Epiphanius of Salamis’ Panarion, he subdivided adherents of the New Prophecy into many smaller categories
Prisca_(prophet)
Egyptian gnostic theologian (c. 100–c. 165)
Flora, a letter itself only known by its full inclusion in Epiphanius' Panarion. The letter describes the gnostic doctrine about the laws of Moses and
Valentinus_(Gnostic)
Ethnoreligious group native to the Levant
number of Christian Church Fathers, including Epiphanius of Salamis in the Panarion; Jerome and Eusebius in the Chronicon; and Origen in The Commentary on
Samaritans
Region in northern Israel
ISBN 978-0-88125-806-6. Retrieved 2015-05-18. Sussmann 1990: 67–103 Epiphanius, Panarion 30.11.9–10 Leibner, Uzi (23 June 2014), Settlement and Demography in Late
Galilee
Apostle of Jesus
ISBN 978-0-8066-5672-4 – via Augsburg Fortress. Epiphanius of Salamis (1987). The Panarion of Ephiphanius of Salamis. Vol. Book I (sects 1–46). Translated by Frank
Matthew_the_Apostle
Early Christian theologian (c.85–c.160)
proto-orthodox Church to respond to his canon. Epiphanius records in his Panarion (c. 375) that Marcion was born the son of a bishop in Pontus (modern-day
Marcion_of_Sinope
Head of the Catholic Church from c. 68 to c. 80
Date incompatibility (help) Epiphanius, of Salamis (2009). "27.6.2". The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis, Book I (Sects 1–46). Nag Hammadi and Manichaean
Pope_Linus
Builders of the physical realm that serve the demiurge
BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-18140-3. Williams, Frank (30 November 2008). The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis: Book I: (Sects 1-46) (2nd revised and expanded ed
Archon_(Gnosticism)
Belief that there will be no millennial reign of the righteous on Earth
Irenaeus of Lyons, Against Heresies, 1, 27; St. Epiphanius of Cyprus, Panarion. Against the Marcionites, Heresies 22 and 42]. Origen (c. 185 – 254) further
Amillennialism
Egyptian war and sky deity
Epiphanius of Salamis also mentions a winter solstice festival of Horus in his Panarion. However, this festival is not attested in any native Egyptian sources
Horus
Baptizing a person on behalf of one who is dead
practice among early Christians. Early heresiologists Epiphanius of Salamis (Panarion 28) and Chrysostom (Homilies 40) attributed the practice respectively to
Baptism_for_the_dead
Masculine given name
Philo of Alexandria and Josephus frequently mention this name. In the Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis, the name Iēsous comes from Hebrew/Aramaic and
Jesus_(name)
2nd-century Christian text
the title of a lost work briefly described in a heresiology known as the Panarion (30.16.6–9), by Epiphanius of Salamis; it was used as a source for a polemic
Ascents_of_James
Early Christian sect
Press. p. 204. The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis: Books II and III, trans. Frank Williams (Leiden: Brill, 1993), p. 114 Panarion, p. 115 v t e v t
Apotactics
4th-century presbyter
4th-5th century Christian beliefs. His views are known from St Epiphanius's Panarion in which he was accused of being an Arian. For a short period, he had many
Aerius_of_Sebaste
Abstaining from the consumption of meat
the original on November 29, 2020. Retrieved July 28, 2013. Epiphanius, Panarion, 30.22.4 Isidore of Seville, Etymologies, VIII.v.36 "The Bible Christian
Vegetarianism
3rd century Phrygian Christian Montanist prophetess
provides the only surviving account of Quintilla's Christophany in his Panarion, part 49. He had heard it attributed both to her and to Priscilla, but
Quintilla
2nd century Christian sect
is actually a reference to the Archontics. Epiphanius, Panarion, 40, 2. Epiphanius, Panarion, 40, 1. Gelbert, Carlos (2023). The Key to All the Mysteries
Archontics
work of the New Testament apocrypha which is known through mention in the Panarion. Epiphanius attributes the tale to the Gnostics. The Phibionite story tells
Descent_of_Mary
Lost Christian gospel
until a similar name, "Nazoreans", is distinguished by Epiphanius in his Panarion in the 4th century. It was the term used to identify the predominantly
Gospel_of_the_Nazarenes
Four-letter name of God in the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible)
col. 72 A; and also ibid. X, ix, in P.G., XXI, col. 808 B. Epiphanius, Panarion, I, iii, 40, in P.G., XLI, col. 685 Jerome, "Ep. xxv ad Marcell.", in P
Tetragrammaton
Books of the Bible which are considered non-canonical by Protestant denominations
because ten books are doubled and reckoned as five". He wrote in his Panarion that Jews had in their books the deuterocanonical Epistle of Jeremiah and
Deuterocanonical_books
Lunisolar calendar used for Jewish religious observances
Epiphanius, Adversus Haereses 30.4.1, in Frank Williams, trans., The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis Book I (Sections 1–46), Leiden, E. J.Brill, 1987
Hebrew_calendar
Christian theologian (c. 185 – c. 253)
Epiphanius attacked Origen in his anti-heretical treatises Ancoratus (375) and Panarion (376), compiling a list of teachings Origen had espoused that Epiphanius
Origen
Creation spirit in some schools of philosophy
Refutation of All Heresies. vii. 33. Theodoret, Haer. Fab. ii. 3. Epiphanius, Panarion, 28. "Apocryphon of John," translation by Frederik Wisse in The Nag Hammadi
Demiurge
Figure in Gnostic cosmology
Hammadi library. Epiphanius of Salamis summarizes a book called Noria in the Panarion (Against Heresies) (26.1.3-9). According to this summary, she burned Noah's
Norea
Series of Gnostic texts
Other Allogenes texts may have been written. In section 39.5.1 of the Panarion, Epiphanius of Salamis writes, "They (the Sethians) compose certain books
Allogenes
Mythical structure in the Hebrew Bible
the Syriac book Cave of Treasures (c. 350 CE), Epiphanius of Salamis' Panarion (c. 375) and St. Augustine's The City of God 16.6 (c. 410). The chronicles
Tower_of_Babel
One of the four traditionally ascribed authors of the canonical gospels
epistles). Epiphanius states that Luke was one of the Seventy Apostles (Panarion 51.11), and John Chrysostom indicates at one point that the "brother" that
Luke_the_Evangelist
Medieval southern European Christian dualist movement
Heresies, taken from the epitome provided by Epiphanius of Salamis in his Panarion. He says of them: "They absolutely reject those who marry a second time
Catharism
Syrian theologian and philosopher
org. Retrieved 2026-06-02. Ecclesiastical History, 3.28.2 Ephiphanius, Panarion, "Against the sect which does not accept the gospel according to John and
Cerinthus
Regarded as pseudoarchaeology by geologists and archaeologists
Epiphanius of Salamis (2009). Thomassen, Einar; van Oort, Johannes (eds.). The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis Book I (Sects 1-46). Nag Hammadi and Manichaean
Searches_for_Noah's_Ark
Men named Joses
who at that time believed in Christ. Conversely, in the second book of Panarion, Epiphanius identifies the third Bishop of Jerusalem as "Judah", and the
Joses
Historical era of the Christian religion
Palo Alto: Mayfield. 1985. Eusebius, Church History 3, 5, 3; Epiphanius, Panarion 29,7,7–8; 30, 2, 7; On Weights and Measures 15. On the flight to Pella
Early_Christianity
Rebellion against Roman rule (66–73/74 CE)
found in Eusebius, Ecclesiastical History III.5.3, and in Epiphanius, Panarion 1.29.7.7–8 and 30.2.7, as well as On Weights and Measures 15. Josephus
First_Jewish–Roman_War
1st-century Christian and saint
Book III, ch. 11. of Salamis, Epiphanius; Williams, Frank (2013). The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis: De fide. Books II and III Sect 78:7,5. BRILL
Cleopas
Deuterocanonical (apocryphal) book of the Old Testament
33–37, c. 350 AD, translated by Edward H. Gifford Epiphanius of Salamis, Panarion viii. 6, c. 385 AD, Translated by Frank Williams "The Argvment of the Booke
Book_of_Judith
Christian group from Mesopotamia
Ephrem the Syrian, Against the Heresies, 22.4 Epiphanius, Ancoratus 13, and Panarion 80 Jerome, Dialogue against the Pelagians Frances Young, From Nicaea to
Euchites
One of the four Marian dogmas
(Scarecrow Press, 2012 [ISBN 978-0-8108-7179-3]), p. 31. Williams, Frank. The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis: Books II and III. p. 616. As though they had
Perpetual_virginity_of_Mary
Feminine or female deity
Michigan: Wayne State University Press. Saint Epiphanius (2013) [c. 375]. The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis: De fide. Books II and III. Translated by Williams
Goddess
both to herself and to the entire human race..." Epiphanius of Salamis, Panarion, 78.17–19 "And as in paradise Eve, still a virgin, fell into the sin of
Religion_and_sexuality
2nd century Christian Gnostic religious teacher
re-used by Pseudo-Tertullian (Adversus omnes haereses 1.5; Epiphanius, Panarion 24; Filastrius, Diversarum haereseon liber 32). There is also a lost refutation
Basilides
Early Christian sect mentioned twice in the Book of Revelation
"Unless one copulates every day, he cannot have eternal life." — Epiphanius, Panarion, xxv. 1 Hippolytus of Rome shared the opinion that Nicolas became a heresiarch
Nicolaism
Religious texts of Manichaeism
ISBN 978- 2-503-51156-6 Williams, Frank; translator. "Introduction". The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis, Book I (Sects 1–46). 1987. (EJ Brill, Leiden)
Manichaean_scripture
Biblical character
archaeologists such as Juris Zarins. Williams, Frank (2008-11-27). The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis. Vol. Book I: (Sects 1-46) (2nd, rev. & exp. ed
Cush_(Bible)
rise to a new sect, who worshipped the corpses of the martyred. of Salamis, Epiphanius. "13.2". Ancoratus. of Salamis, Epiphanius. "80: 2,3". Panarion.
Martyrians_(Messalian_sect)
Christian feast day
John Henry (1841). Catena Aurea. London: JGF and J Rivington. Epiphanius, Panarion, li, 27, in Migne, Patrologia Graecae (P.G.), XLI, 936 (where it is called
Epiphany_(holiday)
Unidentified figure mentioned briefly in the Gospel of Mark
Testimony. Wm. B. Eerdmans. ISBN 978-1-4674-4680-8. Epiphanius of Salamis, Panarion 78.13.2 Ambrose, Exp. Ps. 36 60. Chrysologus, Peter (2005). "Sermon 78"
Naked_fugitive
Biblical figures described as brothers of Jesus
multiple names: authors list (link) Williams, translated by Frank (1994). The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis : Books II and III (Sects 47–80, De Fide). Leiden:
Brothers_of_Jesus
52 Taylor 1993, p. 224. Eusebius, Church History 3, 5, 3; Epiphanius, Panarion 29,7,7–8; 30, 2, 7; On Weights and Measures 15. On the flight to Pella
Christianity in the 1st century
Christianity_in_the_1st_century
gospel used by the Ebionites, now lost except for fragments quoted in the Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis, as the first to be written, and believe Adoptionist
Diversity in early Christian theology
Diversity_in_early_Christian_theology
5th-century Bishop of Beroea
Epiphanius of Salamis a letter, in consequence of which the latter composed his Panarion (374–376). This letter is prefixed to the work. In 377–378, he was sent
Acacius_of_Beroea
Exalted Kingship) (DC 34) Against Heresies Refutation of All Heresies Panarion Acts of Peter Clementine literature Odes of Solomon Gospel of Judas Gospel
List_of_Gnostic_texts
Aspect of the Genesis flood narrative
that Shem's wife is called "Leah, daughter of Nasih". Furthermore, the Panarion of Epiphanius (c. 375) names Noah's wife as Barthenos, while the c. 5th-century
Wives_aboard_Noah's_Ark
Proto-Christian breakaway Jewish movement
ISBN 978-2-204-10068-7. Eusebius, Church History 3, 5, 3; Epiphanius, Panarion 29,7,7-8; 30, 2, 7; On Weights and Measures 15. On the flight to Pella
Jewish_Christianity
Requirement in certain religions that some or all members of the clergy be unmarried
for bishops that was considered to be canonical is found in Epiphanius's Panarion, 48, 9 and Expositio Fidei, 21. Synesius (died c. 414), who refused to
Clerical_celibacy
ethereal library. 1.32. of Salamis, Epiphanius; Williams, Frank (2013). The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis: De fide. Vol. Books II and III Sect 78:7, 5.
Genealogy_of_Jesus
Sect of Christians in 4th century in Syria and Scythia
to the Audians (as well as other sects he considered heretical) in his Panarion. Although Epiphanius is not always a trustworthy source, he correctly quotes
Audianism
Early Christian tradition about the Jerusalem Church
lived in Perea after having moved to that place, as I said. — Epiphanius, Panarion 29,7,7-8 For after all those who believed in Christ had generally come
Flight_to_Pella
suggests that the Syntagma was also the common source for Philastrius and the Panarion of Epiphanius. Adversus omnes haereses may have been written by Victorinus
Pseudo-Tertullian
4th-century Christian writer
- substantial section of the Greek version has however survived in the Panarion of Epiphanius. The Acta gives a fictional account of a debate between Mani
Hegemonius
Book of the New Testament
power and veil are spelled the same. Williams, Frank, ed. (2009). The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis: Book I (Sects 1-46). Brill Academic Publishers
First Epistle to the Corinthians
First_Epistle_to_the_Corinthians
Extinct Celtic language from Asia Minor
oak" Both taskos and droungos are given by Epiphanius of Salamis in his Panarion in an effort to elucidate the name of the gnostic sect of the Tascodrugites
Galatian_language
Last Jewish Bishop of Jerusalem
roots in Nazareth and connections to Jerusalem’s Christian community. The Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis: Book I (Sects 1-46). By Epiphanius, Epiphanius
Judah_Kyriakos
Deuterocanonical book of the Old Testament of the Bible
many scholars agree that this was a slip. Epiphanius of Salamis in his Panarion writes that Jews had in their books the deuterocanonical Epistle of Jeremiah
Letter_of_Jeremiah
Fringe theory claiming that Jesus did not exist
like as remote in time as they in fact were." Panarion 29.5.6 According to Epiphanius in his Panarion, the fourth-century Jewish-Christian Nazarenes
Christ_myth_theory
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