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Category of utterances in philosophy of language
In the philosophy of language and speech acts theory, performative utterances are sentences which not only describe a given reality, but also change the
Performative_utterance
English philosopher (1911–1960)
with a performative utterance it is—in Austin's words—infelicitous or unhappy, rather than false. The action that is performed when a "performative utterance"
J._L._Austin
Linguistic quality
Performance studies Performative text Performative utterances Speech act Cavanaugh, Jillian R. (10 March 2015). "Performativity". Anthropology. doi:10
Performativity
1955 lecture series on speech acts by J. L. Austin
introduces and develops the notion of a performative utterance, analyses the conditions under which such utterances are happy or unhappy, and ultimately
How_to_Do_Things_with_Words
Utterance that serves a performative function
discourse itself, and has analysed performative utterances and indirect speech acts, in which one kind of act is performed by way of another. As a systematic
Speech_act
Part of speech that conveys an action
languages Grammatical mood Grammatical tense Grammatical voice Performative utterance Phrasal verb Phrase structure rules Sentence (linguistics) Syntax
Verb
Whether or not a unit of speech is relevant in its context
Austin as part of his theory of speech acts. In his thinking, a performative utterance is neither true nor false, but can instead be deemed felicitous
Felicity_(pragmatics)
Concept in logic
A performative contradiction (German: performativer Widerspruch) arises when the making of an utterance rests on necessary presuppositions that contradict
Performative_contradiction
Magic word
University Press, 2009 Elyse Graham (December 30, 2016), "Magic words: performative utterance in fact and fantasy", Oxford Dictionaries, Oxford University Press
Abracadabra
Linguistic term coined by J. L. Austin
with Austin's doctrine of the so-called "performative" and "constative utterances": an utterance is "performative" if, and only if, it is issued in the course
Illocutionary_act
American feminist and queer philosopher (born 1956)
essay "Performative Acts and Gender Constitution: An Essay in Phenomenology and Feminist Theory", Judith Butler proposes that gender is performative – that
Judith_Butler
Deity in Thelema
Hadit is male and active is thus not a mere description, but a performative utterance that creates these deities as gendered in the minds of those who
Nuit
Verbs carried out through being uttered
hereby before the non-performative verb see is not coherent because the action of seeing is not performed simply by its utterance. "I confer this award
Performative_verb
American philosopher (1926–2018)
Austin's concept of performative utterance requires the supplementary concept of passionate utterance: "A performative utterance is an offer of participation
Stanley_Cavell
Branch of linguistics and semiotics relating context to meaning
developed by John Searle, centers around the idea of the performative, a type of utterance that performs the very action it describes. Speech Act Theory's examination
Pragmatics
Judicial opinion agreed to by more than half of the court's justices
drafted in the present tense, so that the disposition is itself a performative utterance. That is, a U.S. court will say that "we affirm (or reverse)" the
Majority_opinion
Intellectual controversy
(1911–1960) Performative utterance – Category of utterances in philosophy of language Speech act – Utterance that serves a performative function Locutionary
Searle–Derrida_debate
English poet (1932–2016)
sometimes deny: that poetry is capable of performative utterance (in particular of commitment-issuing utterance). Tom Paulin, Minotaur: Poetry and the Nation
Geoffrey_Hill
Motif and concept found in Buddhism and other Indian religions
always a formal act. Indologist George Thompson uses the term "performative utterance" as coined by philosopher J. L. Austin, because the sacca-kiriyā
Sacca-kiriya
One author's citation of other authors' works
claim that a "nonserious" performative utterance, as uttered in a play or a poem, say, is "parasitic" upon the true performative and cannot be considered
Citationality
Aeryn Sun's use of "frell" here, in terms of its status as a non-performative utterance, and the locutionary and perlocutionary power of the statement.
Profanity_in_science_fiction
Character in the play A Doll's House
March 2025. Jakovljevic, Branislav (2002). "Shattered Back Wall: Performative Utterance of". Theatre Journal. 54 (3). Johns Hopkins University Press: 431–448
Nora_Helmer
Internet slang
directions". Peter Hershock, in discussing these terms in the context of performative utterances, points out the difference between telling someone that one is
LOL
critical theory, but arises ultimately from linguistic ideas around performative utterances. The term is often applied to a bricolage of other writing styles
Performative_writing
1990 book by Judith Butler
English philosopher J. L. Austin, who spoke of speech acts and performative utterances, which are sentences that "do" something while saying something
Gender_Trouble
Formation of theories about theatre and drama
decades, it was popular to see theater as more than just drama (see Performative utterance, Postdramatic theatre). At the end of the 20th century, dramatic
Dramatic_theory
Performance of an utterance, in linguistics
to present information, but also to perform actions. As an utterance, a locutionary act is considered a performative, in which both the audience and the
Locutionary_act
Class of Ancient Greek verbs
aorist or present expresses an action performed by the act of speaking, like thanking someone (see performative utterance), or, according to another analysis
Aorist_(Ancient_Greek)
1969 book on speech act theory by John R. Searle
lectures and was influenced by Austin's then-unpublished work on performative utterances and speech acts. His Oxford dissertation on the theory of descriptions
Speech_Acts_(book)
Family of philosophical theories
account of the sentences which include the truth-predicate as performative utterances, Alfred Tarski had developed his so-called semantic theory of truth
Deflationary_theory_of_truth
Interdisciplinary academic field
in performatives (utterances made with language and the body) is taken up by Butler and is understood as the "political promise of the performative". Her
Performance_studies
Repetition of one expression as part of another one
someone has said or written. In oral speech, it is the representation of an utterance (i.e. of something that a speaker actually said) that is introduced by
Quotation
Field of study in philosophy
an utterance has in the world, or more specifically, the effect on others. A performative utterance is a sentence where an action being performed is done
Universal_pragmatics
Words and contextual actions which provide a complete meaning
cognitive orientation of an individual or society Speech act – Utterance that serves a performative function Neopragmatism – Philosophical position that sees
Language_game_(philosophy)
speaking in an accessible manner), as well as performative utterances and the various tasks that language can perform (called "speech acts"). It also has applications
Philosophy_of_language
German musicologist (born 1966)
questions among others on openness and incompleteness, corporeality and performative utterance. Kammertöns is also a teacher of music, education and philosophy
Christoph_Kammertöns
Employees working from any location
informal encouragement, which can contribute to an employee's ability to perform at their highest potential. Evidence from a 2023 study linked a drop in
Remote_work
Timing, rhythm, and intonation of speech
features of the speaker or of their utterances: their obvious or underlying emotional state, the form of utterance (statement, question, or command), the
Prosody_(linguistics)
British progressive folk band
band who had a brief career in the early 1970s. Their first album, First Utterance, has garnered them a cult following that persists to today. They reunited
Comus_(band)
Community processes of deleting articles
Wikipedia article called "Wikipedia Art", which sought to "invite performative utterances in order to change" what content was acceptable to include in the
Deletion of articles on Wikipedia
Deletion_of_articles_on_Wikipedia
Ways of speaking that shape feelings
and injustice can lead speakers to more consciously choose the performative utterances they utter. Research on political rhetoric shows that emotion language
Vocabulary_of_emotions
Involuntary utterance of socially inappropriate words
(/ˌkɒprəˈleɪliə/ KOP-rə-LAY-lee-ə) is involuntary swearing or the involuntary utterance of obscene words or socially inappropriate and derogatory remarks. The
Coprolalia
Grammar of the Latin language
but also by uttering a performative clause as in tē, ut dīligās mē, rōgō ('I am asking you to love me'), whereby the performative clause represents the
Latin tenses in commands (semantics)
Latin_tenses_in_commands_(semantics)
lectures now known as How to Do Things With Words. Austin argued that performative utterances are not meaningfully evaluated as true or false but rather by other
Descriptive_fallacy
German contemporary artist
In the exhibition, Cosima von Bonin presented a performative writing called a performative utterance. In this section of the article, Authority Purée
Cosima_von_Bonin
Case study
possessive utterance into a longer sentence, further convincing linguists that she understood subject–verb–object word order. Some utterances from this
Linguistic development of Genie
Linguistic_development_of_Genie
Word or expression used to express an emotion or sentiment
An interjection is a word or expression that occurs as an utterance on its own and expresses a spontaneous feeling, situation or reaction. It is a diverse
Interjection
Information conveyed verbally yet not literally
an implicature is something the speaker suggests or implies with an utterance, even though it is not literally expressed. Implicatures can aid in communicating
Implicature
Sound mainly produced by dogs
emitted during specific situations. Humans scored the emotions of dogs performing these barks very similarly and in ways that made sense according to the
Bark_(sound)
French academic, historian and linguist
Discourse analysis Collocation Co-occurrence Logos Pathos Ethos Performative utterance Metzger, Jean-Paul (May 2019). "Logometry". Discourse: A Concept
Damon_Mayaffre
Statements which have survived from various sources referring to the oracle at Delphi
gods he should sacrifice and pray in order best and most successfully to perform the journey which he had in mind and, after meeting with good fortune,
List of oracular statements from Delphi
List_of_oracular_statements_from_Delphi
Basic elements of language
defined as the minimal unit of an utterance (ōrātiō), the expression of a complete thought. Longest words Utterance Word (computer architecture) Word
Word
Aspect of communication that is not explicitly announced
linguistics and semiotics relating context to meaning Speech act – Utterance that serves a performative function Stanislavski's system – System to train actors Steganography –
Subtext
Natural language processing task
Semantic parsing is the task of converting a natural language utterance to a logical form: a machine-understandable representation of its meaning. Semantic
Semantic_parsing
Words requiring context to understand their meaning
place (e.g. here), or person (e.g. you) relative to the context of the utterance. Deixis exists in all known natural languages and is closely related to
Deixis
German philosopher (1883–1917)
Foundations of Civil Law) is a systematic treatment of social acts as performative utterances and a priori foundations of civil law. Reinach's work was based
Adolf_Reinach
account, emotion talk consists of utterances that are neither constative (descriptive) nor performative. Emotional utterances have (1) a descriptive appearance
Emotive_(sociology)
Misuse of a word
unintentionally or for comedic effect, resulting in a nonsensical, often humorous utterance. An example is the statement attributed to baseball player Yogi Berra
Malapropism
Assumed context surrounding an utterance
implicit assumption about the world or background belief relating to an utterance, whose truth is taken for granted in discourse. An example is the question
Presupposition
Topics referred to by the same term
the act of producing an utterance The performative turn, a paradigmatic shift in the humanities and social sciences Performative text, in philosophy of
Performance_(disambiguation)
Act or statement that offends the morality of the period
An obscenity is any utterance or act that strongly offends the prevalent morality of the time. It is derived from the Latin obscēnus, obscaenus, "boding
Obscenity
Depiction of human ejaculation
scenes exist but are relatively uncommon); orgasm is instead implied by utterances, cinematic conventions, or body movement. Cum shots have become the object
Cum_shot
Actual use of language in concrete situations
well-formed sentence and the ungrammatical sentence. An unacceptable utterance can also be performed due to a brain injury. Three types of brain injuries that could
Linguistic_performance
Communication theory model
Russian linguist (1896–1982): communication model Speech act – Utterance that serves a performative function Subtext – Aspect of communication that is not explicitly
Four-sides_model
Process of understanding speech
processing takes place whenever a reader or listener processes a language utterance, either in isolation or in the context of a conversation or a text. Many
Sentence_processing
Ancient Egyptian funerary text
begin with the word r(ꜣ), which can mean "mouth", "speech", "spell", "utterance", "incantation", or "chapter of a book". This ambiguity reflects the similarity
Book_of_the_Dead
Field of research on human emotion through history
Building on his concept of "emotives", modeled on J. L. Austin's performative utterances, Reddy argues that emotives actively shape and redirect emotional
History_of_emotions
Linguistic modality that encourages or discourages an action
discouragement toward the addressee's bringing about the action of an utterance. Look up hortative in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. The term hortative
Hortative
Loud vocalization
order to attract another's attention, either by word or by inarticulate utterance. Animals call their mates, or their young; a man calls his dog, his horse
Screaming
1957 novel by Jack Kerouac
"the most beautifully executed, the clearest, and the most important utterance yet made by the generation Kerouac, himself, named years ago as 'beat
On_the_Road
French analytic philosopher and research fellow
the first-order content. Meaning and Force: The Pragmatics of Performative Utterances, Cambridge University Press, 1988 Direct Reference: From Language
François_Recanati
French philosopher
of Life and Life Form", 2015 "The Normativity of the Ordinary: Performative Utterances and Social Reality" "A Romanticism of Democracy: Emerson, Thoreau
Sandra_Laugier
Literary and rhetorical device or general attitude towards life
ironic utterance. Self-disparaging irony is distinguished by the introduction of the personality of the ironist, often with a somewhat performative dimension
Irony
Variation in pitch
speech into units that are easy to perceive, memorize and perform) example: the utterance "You can have it in red blue green yellow or ↘black" is more
Intonation_(linguistics)
Rate or speed at which a language is spoken
... listeners' judgements rapidly begin to lose objectivity when the utterance concerned comes either from an unfamiliar accent or ... from an unfamiliar
Speech_tempo
Gestural communication system
distinguishes the subject of the utterance. Across home sign systems there is preference for action to be utterance-final. Structural dependency, words
Home_sign
Pejorative term
rather than virtue Do-gooder derogation Luxury belief Moral high ground Performative activism Political correctness Purity test Signalling theory — namesake
Virtue_signalling
Ways men and women use language differently
chatter and talk too much. Goodwin observes that girls and women link their utterances to previous speakers and develop each other's topics, rather than introducing
Language_and_gender
Pakistani singer-songwriter (1948–1997)
transfixed millions. It was not long enough ... He performed qawwali, which means wise or philosophical utterance, as nobody else of his generation did. His vocal
Nusrat_Fateh_Ali_Khan
Religion established by Baháʼu'lláh
ISBN 978-90-474-0746-1. OCLC 234309958. Yazdani, Mina (2022). "Ch. 7: The Writings and Utterances of ʻAbdu'l-Bahá". In Stockman, Robert H. (ed.). The World of the Bahá'í
Baháʼí_Faith
American animated sitcom
in "Deep Space Homer" and has become a snowclone, with variants of the utterance used to express obsequious submission. It has been used in media, such
The_Simpsons
Inability to translate mental speech plans into enunciated sounds
articulation errors on repeated speech productions of the same utterance When producing the same utterance in different instances, a person with AOS may have difficulty
Apraxia_of_speech
Structured system of communication
describe the set of rules that makes up these systems, or the set of utterances that can be produced from those rules. All languages rely on the process
Language
as "damn" in English. The term comes from the contraction of a former utterance, "mal ne aggia," which in Neapolitan language means "may he/she get mischief
Italian_profanity
Single word that forms a full sentence
what the desired outcome or goal of the utterance should be. Holophrases are defined as a "single-word utterance which is used by a child to express more
Sentence_word
British actor (born 1989)
Telegraph, and, "raised in a pack of upper-class thespians, his every utterance comes as a measured, um-less paragraph." Often branded as an acting royalty
Freddie_Fox_(actor)
American linguist (1923–2000)
Phonological: Target Utterance: A bread bun Error Utterance: A BRUN Phonological/lexical: Target Utterance: 280 days as compared to Error Utterance: 280 days as
Victoria_Fromkin
1st-century BC Roman actor
libertatem civium stabiliverat," he substituted Tullius, and the audience gave utterance to their enthusiasm by encoring the passage "a thousand times". The time
Clodius_Aesopus
Linguistic category
function is at the level of discourse (sequences of utterances) rather than at the level of utterances or sentences, discourse markers are relatively syntax-independent
Discourse_marker
Speech recognition algorithm
degrade for short utterances. This is due to insufficient data for parameter estimation and loss of discriminable information as all utterances are forced to
Cepstral mean and variance normalization
Cepstral_mean_and_variance_normalization
Founder of Islam (c. 570–632)
is not with such gifts that one seeks God's face." Disturbed by this utterance, Muhammad retorted, "He changed color." Roughly 10 months after he captured
Muhammad
Violent tactic resulting in the attacker's intentional death
those under protection in their countries. The sectarian or ignorant utterances made by some of these people would benefit none other than the greedy
Suicide_attack
American rock musician (1967–1994)
many as the 'last real rock star' ... a messiah and martyr whose every utterance has been plundered and parsed." In 2003, David Fricke of Rolling Stone
Kurt_Cobain
Belief that is strongly at variance with customs
religion, principles or cause; and from blasphemy, which is an impious utterance or action concerning God or sacred things. Heresiology is the study of
Heresy
Fictional character
demonstrating various aspects of the compound. Another characteristic was the utterance of the phrase "Holy Chim" (a bowdlerized version of "holy shit"), usually
Super_Dave_Osborne
Utterances which primarily serve a social function
communicate or implicate certain messages between people without direct utterances. Examples for this would be: 'likes', comments/replies, shares/reblogs
Phatic_expression
Punctuation to signal the end of a sentence (.)
outside Canada. In British English, the words "full stop" at the end of an utterance strengthen it; they indicate that it admits no further discussion: "I'm
Full_stop
Framework for scoring a behavior's complexity
individual persons' performance of complex tasks. For example, a person cannot perform arithmetic until the numeral representations of numbers are learned, or
Model of hierarchical complexity
Model_of_hierarchical_complexity
Social and linguistic theory of politeness
threatening acts associated with an utterance. It is also possible to have multiple acts working within a single utterance. Negative face is threatened when
Politeness_theory
Topics referred to by the same term
may refer to: Speech, communication using the human voice Vocable, an utterance that is not considered a word Speech production, the processes by which
Vocalization
PERFORMATIVE UTTERANCE
PERFORMATIVE UTTERANCE
PERFORMATIVE UTTERANCE
Boy/Male
Australian, Greek
Son of Odysseus
Boy/Male
Indian, Tamil, Telugu
Sun
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Power of Sun
Boy/Male
American, Australian, Jamaican
Judge; Arbiter; Expert
Girl/Female
Hindu
A singing bird
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
The Biblical Lot is the English Language Equivalent; Name of a Prophet
Girl/Female
Muslim
Fire, 9th month of iranian calendar
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Name of a Town in Karnataka
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Goddess Lakshmi
Female
Swedish
 Danish and Swedish variant spelling of Scandinavian Margaretha, MARGARETA means "pearl." Compare with another form of Margareta.
PERFORMATIVE UTTERANCE
PERFORMATIVE UTTERANCE
PERFORMATIVE UTTERANCE
PERFORMATIVE UTTERANCE
PERFORMATIVE UTTERANCE
n.
Sale by offering to the public.
n.
Vocal expression; articulation; speech.
n.
The act of uttering.
n.
Power or style of speaking; as, a good utterance.
a.
Of or pertaining to the voice or speech; having voice; endowed with utterance; full of voice, or voices.
n.
A short or weak utterance; a faint or feeble sound, as that heard on separating the lips in pronouncing p or b.
n.
The act of vociferating; violent outcry; vehement utterance of the voice.
n.
Emission; escape; passage to notice or expression; publication; utterance.
n.
The faculty or power of utterance; as, to cultivate the voice.
a.
Tending to produce reformation; reformative.
n.
The formation and utterance of vocal sounds.
n.
Sound of the kind or quality heard in speech or song in the consonants b, v, d, etc., and in the vowels; sonant, or intonated, utterance; tone; -- distinguished from mere breath sound as heard in f, s, sh, etc., and also whisper.
n.
Putting in circulation; as, the utterance of false coin, or of forged notes.
n.
The last extremity; the end; death; outrance.
v. t.
To give utterance or expression to; to utter; to publish; to announce; to divulge; as, to voice the sentiments of the nation.
a.
Not expressive; not having the power of utterance; inexpressive.
a.
Having power to perforate or pierce.
n.
A formative letter at the beginning of a word.
a.
Having no voice, utterance, or vote; silent; mute; dumb.
a.
Forming again; having the quality of renewing form; reformatory.