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Effects of spaceflight on the human body
into space, serious and reasonable concerns were expressed about exposure of humans to the microgravity of space due to the potential systemic effects on
Physiological effects in space
Physiological_effects_in_space
Application of medicine during spaceflight
or high carbon dioxide, and space radiation. These challenges are addressed by studying the physiological effects in space, and the application of preventive
Space_medicine
1993 American crewed spaceflight
devoted to experiments concerning the physiological effects in space. This was the first in-flight use of the "Portable In-flight Landing Operations Trainer"
STS-58
Inhaled air volume not involved in gas exchange
air which remains in the conducting airways where no gas exchange can occur. Total dead space (also known as physiological dead space) is the sum of the
Dead_space_(physiology)
Medical issues associated with spaceflight
missions of short duration and so some of the long-term physiological effects of living in space are still unknown. A round trip to Mars with current technology
Effect of spaceflight on the human body
Effect_of_spaceflight_on_the_human_body
Investigation of outer space
completely evade the physiological effects of space flight, but those effects can be mitigated. For example, medical systems aboard space vessels such as the
Space_exploration
governing sex in space (intercourse, conception and procreation while weightless) have become a necessary study due to plans for long-duration space missions
Sex_in_space
Urban myth
9 Hz and up to 153 dB at frequencies above 20 Hz, but the rumored physiological effects did not materialize. The test subjects all reported some physical
Brown_note
Sleep in an unusual place
chronic partial sleep loss occur frequently in space flight due to operational demands and for physiological reasons not yet entirely understood. Some astronauts
Sleep_in_space
Psychology applied to spaceflight
requirements, and solutions for the physiological challenges posed by being in an environment without gravity. Human Factor in space has to deal not only with adapting
Space_psychology
Influences of the underwater environment on the physiology of human divers
suitable breathing gas supply. It, therefore, includes the range of physiological effects generally limited to human ambient pressure divers either freediving
Human physiology of underwater diving
Human_physiology_of_underwater_diving
Reduction in pressure to lower than normal sea level atmospheric pressure
Decompression has physical effects on gas filled spaces and on liquids, particularly when they contain dissolved gases. Physiological effects of decompression are
Hypobaric_decompression
American aeronautical engineer (1924–2009)
telemetered to Earth and provided data on the physiological effects of space flight. Benji and Laska traveled in a “Mouse House” that cradled the mouse and
Laurel_van_der_Wal
the effects of a new drug on cancer cells in a lab dish might show promising results. However, these findings would only be considered physiologically relevant
Physiological_relevance
Movement of astronaut's bodies in outer space
microgravity environment of space can have huge effects on the human body and its locomotion. The environmental conditions in space are harsh and require extensive
Locomotion_in_space
2010 book by Mary Roach
procedures Space hygiene The physiological effects of being in space Sex in Space Preparing food for space The author's thoughts on space travel Lord
Packing_for_Mars
Environmental effects on physiology and mental health
The effects of high altitude on humans are mostly the consequences of reduced partial pressure of oxygen in the atmosphere. The medical problems that
Effects of high altitude on humans
Effects_of_high_altitude_on_humans
Secondary school in San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago
Space Shuttle Columbia, specifically STS-58, whilst it was in orbit. Its missions were primarily devoted to experiments concerning the physiological effects
Naparima_College
Study of clothing's interaction with the human body
in various environmental conditions to support physiological behavior. The concept of clothing has been aptly characterized as a quasi-physiological system
Clothing_physiology
Academic discipline
Putcha, Lakshmi; Derendorf, Hartmut (2004). "Physiological, Pharmacokinetic, and Pharmacodynamic Changes in Space". The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 44
Bioastronautics
Scientific study of extraterrestrial intimacy and sexuality
for decades.[excessive citations] In 1989, Roy Levin wrote the first paper exploring the potential effects of space travel on human sexuality and the
Space_sexology
Fluid-filled space in organs
has a role in regulating solute concentration, protein transport, and hydrostatic pressure, which may affect human pathology and physiological responses
Interstitium
these risk factors are also present in the space flight environment is therefore an important consideration. Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance
Effects of sleep deprivation in space
Effects_of_sleep_deprivation_in_space
Physiological changes in pregnancy are the adaptations that take place during pregnancy that enable the accommodation of the developing embryo and fetus
Physiological changes in pregnancy
Physiological_changes_in_pregnancy
were flown to investigate various biological processes and the effects microgravity and space flight might have on them. Bioastronautics is an area of bioengineering
Animals_in_space
American animal sent to space
using monkeys in space were not new, but did not previously include refined physiological monitoring. The species was selected for space travel because
Gordo_(monkey)
Psychological and sociological effects of space flight are important to understanding how to successfully achieve the goals of long-duration expeditionary
Psychological and sociological effects of spaceflight
Psychological_and_sociological_effects_of_spaceflight
Absence of the sensation of weight
result in additional symptoms such as nausea, sleep problems, and other vasomotor symptoms as well. Many studies on the physiological effects of weightlessness
Weightlessness
promethazine, have soporific effects. These factors can lead to chronic fatigue. The challenge of integrative space medicine and physiology is to investigate the
Neuroscience_in_space
(Biokin) Microbial life in Space: Response to environmental factors in a space vehicle (MICROSPACE) Molecular and physiological analysis of bacterial samples
ESA scientific research on the International Space Station
ESA_scientific_research_on_the_International_Space_Station
Condition caused by weightlessness
side effects of medication taken over a longer period. However, transdermal dimenhydrinate anti-nausea patches are typically used whenever space suits
Space_adaptation_syndrome
NASA's Exploration atmosphere missions helping astronauts return to the Moon safely
evaluate alternate atmospheres, variable spacesuit pressures, and physiological effects. In early crewed missions such as Mercury and Apollo, NASA used low‑pressure
NASA Exploration Atmosphere Tests
NASA_Exploration_Atmosphere_Tests
2023 American crewed sub-orbital spaceflight
Galactic to upgrade its SpaceShipTwo vehicles. During the flight, Villadei wore a suit to measure biometric data and his physiological responses to spaceflight
Galactic_01
studying the effects of isolation and extreme conditions on human physiology and psychology. He later worked for MEDES, the French Institute of Space Medicine
Adrianos_Golemis
Soft drink marketing campaign
effects of carbonation and taste perception in weightlessness. In 1996, Pepsi paid $300 million to create the first TV advertisement filmed in space aboard
Space_Cola_Wars
Overview of alcohol within spaceflight
there have been experiments in making and keeping alcoholic drinks in space. The effects of alcohol on human physiology in microgravity have not been researched
Alcohol_and_spaceflight
Condition of not having enough sleep
Cost of Additional Wakefulness: Dose-Response Effects on Neurobehavioral Functions and Sleep Physiology From Chronic Sleep Restriction and Total Sleep
Sleep_deprivation
First African-American in space (born 1942)
understand bio-physiological effects of space flight; and activated four "Getaway Special" canisters. STS-8 completed 98 orbits of the Earth in 145 hours before
Guion_Bluford
State of being awoken
The effects of physiological arousal on cognition cause individuals to be active, attentive, or excited. The term "physiological" refers to physiology and
Arousal
Soviet scientist and general officer (1918–2007)
Gazenko was involved in developing the system of physiological, health, and psychological measures for crews in prolonged space flights and after return
Oleg_Gazenko
Theory of developmental psychology
higher-level needs in Maslow's hierarchy, physiological needs must be met first. This means that if a person is struggling to meet their physiological needs, they
Maslow's_hierarchy_of_needs
Physiological responses to immersion of air-breathing vertebrates
diving reflex, is a set of physiological responses to immersion that overrides the basic homeostatic reflexes, and is found in all air-breathing vertebrates
Diving_reflex
Physiological phenomenon involving the engorgement of the clitoris
erection (also known as clitoral tumescence or female erection) is a physiological phenomenon where the clitoris becomes enlarged and firm. Clitoral erection
Clitoral_erection
1993 American crewed spaceflight
Experiment (CMIX), the Physiological and Anatomical Rodent Experiment (PARE), Space Tissue Loss (STL-1) experiment, the Cosmic Ray Effects and Activation Monitor
STS-56
Altitude above which water boils at body temperature
aircraft in unpressurized cabins. In an unpressurized cockpit at altitudes greater than 11,900 m (39,000 ft) above sea level, the physiological reaction
Armstrong_limit
Miniaturised space biology laboratory for fluorescent imaging experiments
supported by UK space research programs focused on biological experiments in orbit. The FDSPP is designed to investigate the effects of spaceflight, including
Fluorescent Deep Space Petri-Pod
Fluorescent_Deep_Space_Petri-Pod
Loss in a confrontation between animals, including humans
In biology and behavioural psychology, social defeat refers to the physiological and behavioral effects on the losing party in a confrontation among animals
Social_defeat
Scientific concepts that are closely associated with underwater diving
It, therefore, includes both the physiology of breath-hold diving in humans, and the range of physiological effects generally limited to human ambient
Science_of_underwater_diving
Device which uses rotation to negate the effects of gravitational pull on plant growth
the time is spent in zero g free fall. The periods spent under high g are assumed to be too short to be detected by the physiological mechanism of the
Clinostat
Austrian physician and reserve astronaut
Concordia Station in Antarctica for more than a year starting in 2017. Since 2020, she has been a doctoral student in space physiology at the University
Carmen_Possnig
1991 American crewed spaceflight to deploy the Upper Atmospheric Research Satellite
(MODE); Shuttle Activation Monitor (SAM); Cosmic Ray Effects and Activation Monitor (CREAM); Physiological and Anatomical Rodent Experiment (PARE); Protein
STS-48
Modular space station in low Earth orbit
the space station, pulling switches in the wrong direction or misjudging the speed of an approaching vehicle during docking. The physiological effects of
International_Space_Station
Cultivation of crops in space
Space farming refers to the cultivation of crops for food and other materials in space or on off-Earth celestial objects – equivalent to agriculture on
Space_farming
Women who travel to space
worked in outer space from the beginning of human spaceflight. Overall women have been significantly less often chosen to go to space than men, and in June
Women_in_space
Health practice
ISBN 978-1-032-07293-7. Song, Chorong (August 2016). "Physiological Effects of Nature Therapy: A Review of the Research in Japan". International Journal of Environmental
Nature_therapy
German-American psychologist and human experimenter (1898–1986)
For his role in pioneering the study of the physical and psychological effects of crewed spaceflight he became known as "The Father of Space Medicine".
Hubertus_Strughold
American space and aeronautics agency
objectives to orbit a human in space, develop tracking and control systems, and identify other technical and physiological issues associated with human
NASA
Equipment which allows the user to breathe at hypoxic altitudes
and full pressurisation in space suits. In the region from sea level to around 3,000 m (10,000 ft), known as the physiological-efficient zone, oxygen levels
High-altitude breathing apparatus
High-altitude_breathing_apparatus
individual physiological characteristics. The interaction between different energy systems captures the essence of why certain physiological characteristics
Physiology_of_marathons
Overview of space exploration in the future
accommodations will need to solve the following problems: 1. Physiological effects of living in microgravity will affect your body's chemistry and invoke
Future_of_space_exploration
Theoretical drug measure in pharmacology
V_{D}} for that drug is known. The V D {\displaystyle V_{D}} is not a physiological value; it is more a reflection of how a drug will distribute throughout
Volume_of_distribution
Training done by aviators and astronauts
Consciousness (G-Loc) in the Human Centrifuge (PDF) (Report). Defense Technical Information Center. Retrieved December 3, 2022. NASA Physiological Acceleration
High-g_training
Void between celestial bodies
Williams, David; et al. (June 23, 2009), "Acclimation during space flight: effects on human physiology", Canadian Medical Association Journal, 180 (13): 1317–1323
Outer_space
Abnormally high tissue carbon dioxide levels
"Nitrogen-Oxygen Mixture Physiology. Phase 5. Added Respiratory Dead Space (Value in Personnel Selection tests) (Physiological Effects Under Diving Conditions)"
Hypercapnia
Application of biomedical engineering
disorders that may arise due to space's extreme conditions, such as microgravity, radiation, and other physiological and psychological risks. The physical
Space_pharmacology
Exercise strategy
exercise. A 2007 study examined HIIT's physiological effects on fat oxidation in moderately active women. The participants in the study performed HIIT (defined
High-intensity interval training
High-intensity_interval_training
Spacecraft crew member
long stays aboard the International Space Station showed that long-duration spaceflight causes many physiological adaptions, including macro- and microstructural
Astronaut
engage in aggressive behavior in order to gain access to a shaded and cattle with access to more shade are known to show reduced physiological and behavioral
Aggression_in_cattle
Biological signalling molecule
Schäfer EA (July 1895). "The Physiological Effects of Extracts of the Suprarenal Capsules". The Journal of Physiology. 18 (3): 230–276. doi:10.1113/jphysiol
Hormone
Flight suit which controls blood-flow during high acceleration
Mayo Clinic investigating the effects of high-performance flight on military pilots, by studying the physiological effects of flight and how to mitigate
G-suit
Research project of the health effects of being in space long term
scientific research project aboard the International Space Station, which studied the health effects of long-term spaceflight. As part of the mission, the
ISS_year-long_mission
Toilet used in weightless environments
in space. In space, weightlessness causes fluids to distribute uniformly around human bodies. Kidneys detect the fluid movement and a physiological reaction
Space_toilet
Space settlement concept
Three) is a space settlement concept proposed by American physicist Gerard K. O'Neill in his 1976 book The High Frontier: Human Colonies in Space. O'Neill
O'Neill_cylinder
Adaptations of marine vertebrates to diving
The physiology of underwater diving is the physiological adaptations to diving of air-breathing vertebrates that have returned to the ocean from terrestrial
Physiology of underwater diving
Physiology_of_underwater_diving
Soviet biological science spacecraft (Bion 6)
conducted to investigate space flight effects on the sensory development of rats that spent part of their prenatal gestation period in space. Ten pregnant female
Kosmos_1514
Chamber for simulating high altitude
crew members, though anyone interested in the effects of high altitude can usually arrange a visit) are placed in the chamber. Before "ascending" to the
Hypobaric_chamber
Hyperspectral MASINT Space-based staring infrared sensors Nuclear MASINT Radiation survey and dosimetry Space-based nuclear energy detection Effects of ionizing
List of intelligence gathering disciplines
List_of_intelligence_gathering_disciplines
Changes that can occur to the woman's body after childbirth
The postpartum physiological changes are those expected changes that occur in the woman's body after childbirth, in the postpartum period. These changes
Postpartum physiological changes
Postpartum_physiological_changes
Color
Biosocial Research in Tacoma, Washington, studied psychological and physiological responses to the color pink. Schauss had read studies by the Swiss psychiatrist
Baker–Miller_pink
Adaptation of an organism to a less demanding environment
interest in the study of deconditioning is in aerospace medicine, to diagnose, fight, and prevent adverse effects of the conditions of space flight. Deconditioning
Deconditioning
Spacesuit providing mechanical pressure using elastic garments
format) Development of a Space Activity Suit, the 1971 NASA contractor report, NASA CR-1892, as a PDF file Physiological Effects of a Mechanical Counter
Mechanical counterpressure suit
Mechanical_counterpressure_suit
Overview article
annually by NASA. Research on the ISS improves knowledge about the effects of long-term space exposure on the human body. Subjects currently under study include
Scientific research on the International Space Station
Scientific_research_on_the_International_Space_Station
American scientist
includes research into space farming with NASA and at Utah State University, where he is the Director of the Crop Physiology Laboratory. He is also the
Bruce_Bugbee
NASA research platform on the International Space Station
the effects of the space environment on the musculoskeletal and neurological systems of mice as model organisms of human health and disease. In addition
Rodent Research Hardware System
Rodent_Research_Hardware_System
American psychologist
astronaut by NASA in 1979. Even though she never went to space, she still spent 34 years researching the effects of gravity on human physiology^1. Cowings invention
Patricia_S._Cowings
Personal experiences associated with death or impending death
peaceful. The physiological context of patients near-death or experiencing death (as defined by cardiopulmonary criteria) leads to a decline in mental clarity
Near-death_experience
Branch of pharmacology
is the study of the biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs (especially pharmaceutical drugs). The effects can include those manifested within animals
Pharmacodynamics
Psychological theory of motivation
"Drive" is defined as motivation that arises due to a psychological or physiological need. It works as an internal stimulus that motivates an individual
Drive reduction theory (learning theory)
Drive_reduction_theory_(learning_theory)
ESA microgravity research programme
Programme for Life and Physical Sciences in Space and applications utilising the International Space Station started in 2001 and was intended to cover the activities
European Programme for Life and Physical Sciences in Space
European_Programme_for_Life_and_Physical_Sciences_in_Space
American writer and law enforcement trainer
Killology Research Group to give seminars about the physiological and the psychological effects of having to use lethal force for law enforcement officers
Dave_Grossman_(author)
1993 American crewed spaceflight to deploy TRDS-6
the Chromosome and Plant Cell Division in Space Experiment (CHROMEX) to-study plant growth; the Physiological and Anatomical Rodent Experiment (PARE)
STS-54
Process inducing mutations in seeds
electromagnetic irradiation in tissue culture systems of bleeding heart: biochemical, physiological, and (cyto)genetic effects". Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ
Mutation_breeding
Division of the nervous system supplying internal organs, smooth muscle and glands
parasympathetic activity in non-habitual consumers. The caffeine-stimulated increase in nerve activity is likely to evoke other physiological effects as the body attempts
Autonomic_nervous_system
Soviet biological science spacecraft (Bion 5)
studied in space. the effects of microgravity on plant tissues were investigated using carrots and carrot cancerous tissue to study the effects of space flight
Kosmos_1129
Pharmaceutical compound
and physiological effects of MDMA in humans. This is because SSRIs block MDMA-induced serotonin release, which is the key action of MDMA involved in mediating
MDMA/citalopram
American aviator and astronaut (1931–2019)
aviator. She was part of the Mercury 13, a group of women who underwent physiological screening tests at the same time as the original Mercury Seven astronauts
Jerrie_Cobb
Theory that exposure to nature can improve concentration
functioning through physiological processes. Overall, more research is needed to clarify the mechanisms that support nature-related effects within both ART
Attention_restoration_theory
effects of space on smaller organisms such as cells, Space Physiology, which is the study of the effects of space on the human body and Space Medicine,
Benefits_of_space_exploration
Use of circular rotational force to mimic gravity
spaceflight to the adverse health effects caused by prolonged weightlessness. However, there are no current practical outer space applications of artificial
Artificial_gravity
One of the nursing specialties
handle emergencies in orbit and researches the effects of space travel on the human body. The career got its start during the space race of the 1960s and
Space_nursing
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PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS-IN-SPACE
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PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS-IN-SPACE
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PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS-IN-SPACE
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