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Type of camera
A pinhole camera is a simple camera without a lens but with a tiny aperture (the so-called pinhole)—effectively a light-proof box with a small hole in
Pinhole_camera
Model of 3D points projected onto planar image via a lens-less aperture
In computer vision and 3D computer graphics, the pinhole camera model describes the mathematical relationship between the coordinates of a point in three-dimensional
Pinhole_camera_model
Optical device
principle of its projection) of a lensless camera obscura is also referred to as a "pinhole image". The camera obscura was used to study eclipses without
Camera_obscura
Perforated eyeglasses
effect of pinhole glasses approximated by a camera Pinhole glasses, also known as stenopeic glasses, are eyeglasses with a series of pinhole-sized perforations
Pinhole_glasses
Largest print photograph (2011)
fighter base in Irvine, California, United States, as the world's largest pinhole camera. The aim was to make a black-and-white negative print of the Marine
The_Great_Picture
Tiny hole functioning as an optical component
image plane of the beam. A small pinhole can act as a lens, focusing light. This effect is used in pinhole cameras and camera obscura, and in solarigraphy
Pinhole_(optics)
Process of estimating the parameters of a pinhole camera model
Camera resectioning is the process of estimating the parameters of a pinhole camera model approximating the camera that produced a given photograph or
Camera_resectioning
Ophthalmological testing tool
visual acuity. The occluder is a simple way to focus light, as in a pinhole camera, temporarily removing the effects of refractive errors such as myopia
Pinhole_occluder
Computer vision geometry concept
vision a camera matrix or (camera) projection matrix is a 3 × 4 {\displaystyle 3\times 4} matrix which describes the mapping of a pinhole camera from 3D
Camera_matrix
the camera obscura, conducting experiments with light in a darkened room with a small opening. He is often credited with the invention of the pinhole camera
History_of_the_camera
Optical device used with a camera to create images
object for each point on the image sensor. Pinhole lenses have a few severe limitations: A pinhole camera with a large aperture is blurry because each
Camera_lens
Photographic technique
pinhole photography and digital processing. Invented around 2000, solarigraphy uses photographic paper without chemical processing, a pinhole camera and
Solarigraphy
Special type of camera used to shoot movies
"What is a Pinhole Camera? [pinhole.cz]". www.pinhole.cz. Retrieved 2026-03-08. Welch, Adam (2017-01-03). "Lenses 101 - An Introduction to Camera Lenses"
Movie_camera
Movie camera Multiplane camera Omnidirectional camera Onboard camera Pinhole camera Pinspeck camera Plate camera Pocket camera Pocket video camera Point-and-shoot
List_of_camera_types
Relation of two images with software
homography (assuming a pinhole camera model). This has many practical applications, such as image rectification, image registration, or camera motion—rotation
Homography_(computer_vision)
Art and practice of creating images by recording light
(Alhazen) (965–1040) also invented a camera obscura as well as the first true pinhole camera. The invention of the camera has been traced back to the work
Photography
Simple, inexpensive film camera
employing toy cameras Pinhole camera Holga, Chinese mass-market 120 film camera Lubitel, mass-market Russian, 120 film, twin-lens reflex cameras Lensbaby PXL2000
Toy_camera
Photography aesthetic that gives an impression of low quality
impression of low quality. Popular techniques include the use of toy cameras or pinhole cameras, for their distinctive stylistic effects. It can be considered
Lo-fi_photography
American artist and photographer (born 1958)
uses older technology to produce her photographs, including pinhole cameras and Polaroid cameras. Mikula is the longtime partner of political commentator
Susan_Mikula
Eye protection of the Inuit
of light entering but also to improve the visual acuity, as with a pinhole camera. Since the goggles sharply restrict the angle of vision, the user risks
Snow_goggles
Position and orientation of an object in an image
image of the object. Camera resectioning is the process of estimating the parameters of a pinhole camera model approximating the camera that produced a given
Pose_(computer_vision)
Opening in the surface of an object
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-52137095-0. What is a Pinhole Camera?, pinhole.cz. Enrique Ortega-Rivas, Processing Effects on Safety and Quality
Hole
Cartridge-based film format used in still photography
rewound, making the cameras very simple to load and unload. Kodak published instructions for assembling a simple pinhole camera using a 126 cartridge
126_film
A pinspeck camera is the complement, or anti-pinhole, of a pinhole camera, using an opaque dot in a clear aperture instead of a small hole. Each object
Pinspeck_camera
A pinhead mirror can be used to create a camera similar to a pinhole camera. Instead of passing through a tiny aperature, the light to form the image is
Pinhead_mirror
Geometry of stereo vision
that the cameras can be approximated by the pinhole camera model. The figure below depicts two pinhole cameras looking at point X. In real cameras, the image
Epipolar_geometry
the pixel on the sensor plane has non-zero area. In the simplified pinhole camera optics model, the energy reaching the pixel comes from the integral
Cone_tracing
Two equations relating 2D sensor plane coordinates to 3D object coordinates
of the camera were aligned when the picture was taken. 3D projection Epipolar geometry Pinhole camera model T. Schenk, Introduction to Photogrammetry
Collinearity_equation
Topics referred to by the same term
on a screen, using either a lens or pinhole. The term may refer to specific large-scale camera obscuras: Camera Obscura (San Francisco, California),
Camera obscura (disambiguation)
Camera_obscura_(disambiguation)
Imaging technology for x-ray or gamma sources
Image modulation by apertures is, therefore, often used instead. The pinhole camera is the most basic form of such a modulation imager, but its disadvantage
Coded_aperture
Wide-angle photographic lens with strong barrel distortion
which he built a camera in a water-filled pail starting with a photographic plate at the bottom, a short focus lens with a pinhole diaphragm located
Fisheye_lens
Species of nautilus
other cephalopods; the eye has no lens and thus is comparable to a pinhole camera. The species has about 90 cirri (referred to as "tentacles"; see Nautilus
Chambered_nautilus
Optical device for recording images
A camera is an instrument used to capture and store images and videos, either digitally via an electronic image sensor, or chemically via a light-sensitive
Camera
Photography using a long-duration shutter speed
method of solargraphy uses a simple pinhole camera securely fixed in a position which won't be disturbed. Quinnell's camera was made with an empty drink can
Long-exposure_photography
Photographic style inspired by Impressionism
cited as a foundational example. In The Onion Field, Davison employed a pinhole camera and printing techniques that deliberately blurred detail, creating an
Impressionist_photography
degree of freedom (in the simplest case), pinhole camera model with non-linear optical distortion. The linear pinhole parameters are the focal length, the
Camera_auto-calibration
120 film camera
Stereo Camera – Two lenses in a wide body Holga 120 3D Stereo Pinhole Camera – Two pinhole lenses in a wide body Holga 120 Pan Panoramic Camera – This
Holga
Canadian photographer
University. Many of Bos' photographs are produced using a homemade pinhole camera. These images are not intended to be an objective record of a particular
Dianne_Bos
Early photographic technique
sunshine will provide conditions that fulfill the requirements of a pinhole camera or a camera obscura: a bright light source (the sun), the shade that the leafy
Daguerreotype
photogrammetric processing without requiring a physical camera model, such as the pinhole camera model. "The RPC model forms the co-ordinates of the image
Rational polynomial coefficient
Rational_polynomial_coefficient
Mobile phone with photographic capability
A camera phone is a mobile phone that is able to capture photographs and often record video using one or more built-in digital cameras. It can also send
Camera_phone
Optical image of the physical aperture stop
through the system. If there is no lens in front of the aperture (as in a pinhole camera), the entrance pupil's location and size are identical to those of the
Entrance_pupil
American photographer (born 1952)
characterized by textural detail and soft focus, often using a handmade pinhole camera. He worked for a decade as Robert Mapplethorpe's printer, developing
Tom_Baril
American photographer (1944–2021)
Barbara Eileen Schwartz; April 4, 1944 – March 4, 2021) was an American pinhole camera photographer, No Wave musician and Just Another Asshole editor. She
Barbara_Ess
Measure of how strongly an optical system converges or diverges light
modelled as a pinhole camera model. This model leads to the simple geometric model that photographers use for computing the angle of view of a camera; in this
Focal_length
Computational method for constructing 3D models
p {\displaystyle \mathbf {p} } in 3D space observed by a monocular pinhole camera from multiple views, the inverse depth parametrization of the point's
Inverse_depth_parametrization
Wide-angle photographic view of a scene
produce images with a greater image width than normal.[citation needed] Pinhole cameras of a variety of constructions can be used to make panoramic images
Panoramic_photography
Optical device that projects an image or moving images onto a surface
India, and Nepal. Projectors share a common history with cameras in the camera obscura. Camera obscura (Latin for "dark room") is the natural optical phenomenon
Projector
Methodological basis for 3D CAD/CAM solid modeling and image rendering
challenge. Light rays and the camera geometry form the basis for all geometric reasoning here. This figure shows a pinhole camera model for perspective effect
Ray_casting
and the number of photoreceptor cells increased, forming an effective pinhole camera that was capable of dimly distinguishing shapes. However, the ancestors
Eye
Camera company based in Budapest, Hungary
and a ground glass focussing back and mobile phone back. Scura: A pinhole camera with a curved back to improve image quality. It can use 35mm film to
Dora_Goodman_Cameras
Type of camera whose film self-develops a short time after the picture is taken
An instant camera is a camera which uses self-developing film to create a chemically developed print shortly after taking the picture. Polaroid Corporation
Instant_camera
Proposed occulter
Boulder Pinhole Camera to Image New World Finding planets through a pinhole Biggest Pinhole Camera Ever Alien Planets to Pose for Giant Pinhole Camera in Space
New_Worlds_Mission
Measure of lens speed
Film portal Circle of confusion Group f/64 Photographic lens design Pinhole camera Preferred number Smith, Warren Modern Optical Engineering, 4th Ed.,
F-number
Family of molluscs
focused and clear, detailed surrounding imagery, nautiluses have a simple pinhole eye open to the environment which only allows for the creation of correspondingly
Nautilus
British photographer (born 1961)
for parties at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Fuss began a series of pinhole-camera images in 1984 and began exhibiting his work in 1985 at Massimo Audiello's
Adam_Fuss
Topics referred to by the same term
refer to: Principal point (optics), in optics Pinhole camera principal point, in the analysis of pinhole cameras Principal Point, the southeast end of Wiencke
Principal_point
Algorithm to solve systems of equations
3D points in a scene and their projection onto the image plane of a pinhole camera, and homographies. An ordinary system of linear equations x k = A y
Direct_linear_transformation
American conceptual artist
particular event. In 2015, Keats developed century cameras and millennium cameras. These are pinhole cameras designed to take very long exposure images, analogous
Jonathon_Keats
Device used to focus light using diffraction
pinhole and the exposure time can be decreased. Common f-numbers for a pinhole camera range from f/150 to f/200 or higher, whereas zone plates are frequently
Zone_plate
Photography genre
sophisticated) camera—film camera or digital camera—can be readily used for common landscape photography. Higher-resolution and larger-format digital cameras (or
Landscape_photography
Pornographic film of famous people
April 2013. Chu Mei-feng had a 47-minute video CD secretly taken with a pinhole camera, released by a local paparazzi magazine in December 2001. The video
Celebrity_sex_tape
Type of camera that can also capture the direction of travel of light rays
A light field camera, also known as a plenoptic camera, is a camera that captures information about the light field emanating from a scene; that is, the
Light_field_camera
British photographic materials company
GmbH, who apply it to a range of inkjet papers, a disposable colour film camera, and a colour film. Harman Technology holds license rights to the Ilford
Ilford_Photo
Concept in computer vision
relates corresponding points in stereo images assuming that the cameras satisfy the pinhole camera model. More specifically, if y {\displaystyle \mathbf {y}
Essential_matrix
Czech word dírka (pinhole), and -kon is the end of the name of the well-known Japanese camera, Nikon.[citation needed] Pinhole camera Link to scans of
Dirkon
Technique in film-based photography
the lo-fi photography movement, along with use of toy cameras, pinhole cameras, instant cameras, and sprocket hole photography. Variants of the redscale
Redscale
Systematic representation of the surface of a sphere or ellipsoid onto a plane
casting a shadow on a screen, or the rectilinear image produced by a pinhole camera on a flat film plate. Rather, any mathematical function that transforms
Map_projection
Japanese photographer (born 1971)
Space Center. Her "Sun" series (begun in 2005) shot the sun using a pinhole camera, emphasizing a very Earth-bound perception of the solar body. Early
Rika_Noguchi
Group of venomous snakes
warm-blooded organisms in their environment. Functioning optically like a pinhole camera eye, thermal radiation in the form of infrared light passes through
Rattlesnake
Scientific instrument using light waves for image viewing
eyes designed for mobile use. A camera could be considered a type of optical instrument, with the pinhole camera and camera obscura being very simple examples
Optical_instrument
Visual illusion of 3D scene
camera. It has an adjustable iris which can open (or close) to allow more (or less) light to enter the eye. As with any camera except pinhole cameras
Autostereogram
Single-lens reflex camera with a digital image sensor and recording mechanism
single-lens reflex camera (digital SLR or DSLR) is a digital camera that combines the optics and mechanisms of a single-lens reflex camera with a solid-state
Digital single-lens reflex camera
Digital_single-lens_reflex_camera
between image sensor measurements and the 3D world. In the standard pinhole camera model, one models the relationship between world coordinates X {\displaystyle
Chessboard_detection
English writer
characteristics of the Shroud of Turin could be reproduced using only a pinhole camera (camera obscura) and that Leonardo da Vinci, in producing the image, used
Lynn_Picknett
Camera that captures photographs or video in digital format
A digital camera, also called a digicam, is a camera that uses digital storage to capture images. Most cameras produced since the start of the 21st century
Digital_camera
German visual artist
he converted into walk-in pinhole cameras. Simple optical principles combine the upside down scene outside the pinhole camera with the silhouettes of the
Edgar_Lissel
} . For example, in the case of a pinhole camera all 3D motion components which are directed to or from the camera focal point cannot be detected in the
Motion_field
Wide-angle view or representation of a physical space
and thus scan an image encompassing almost 180°.[citation needed] Pinhole cameras of a variety of constructions can be used to make panoramic images
Panorama
Method of determining a point in 3D space
two views generated by pinhole cameras. The top image illustrates the epipolar geometry of a pair of stereo cameras of pinhole model. A point x (3D point)
Triangulation (computer vision)
Triangulation_(computer_vision)
1st episode of the 1st season of Heroes
It was not total anywhere. Early in the episode, Micah is making a pinhole camera through which to witness the eclipse. The scenes involving Claire's
Genesis_(Heroes)
2010 film by S. J. Suryah
forces him to confess to all his crimes, which are broadcast live via a pinhole camera. Thus, Puli avenges his father and restores justice. Pawan Kalyan as
Puli_(2010_film)
Camera that typically uses a mirror and prism system
In photography, a single-lens reflex camera (SLR) is a type of camera that uses a mirror and prism system to allow photographers to view through the lens
Single-lens_reflex_camera
Type of photographic lens
wide-angled result. Rectilinear grid Rectilinear projection Nikkor 13mm f/5.6 Pinhole camera model Kingslake, Rudolf (1989). "4. Early Double Objectives". A History
Rectilinear_lens
Deviation from rectilinear projection (optics)
y_{\mathrm {u} })} is the undistorted image point as projected by an ideal pinhole camera; ( x c , y c ) {\displaystyle (x_{\mathrm {c} },\ y_{\mathrm {c} })}
Distortion_(optics)
American photographer (born 1956)
is enhanced by his use of a pinhole camera. Recently this project has morphed into “Local Stories.” Exchanging the pinhole for a super-wide-angle lens
Jerry_Spagnoli
Camera app for iPhone
photographs that will wow your friends", making the built-in camera app feel like a pinhole in comparison. Wired gave the app a 9 out of 10, describing
Camera+
1962 James Bond film directed by Terence Young
James Bond gun barrel sequence. It was filmed in sepia by putting a pinhole camera inside an .38 calibre gun barrel, with Bob Simmons playing Bond. Binder
Dr._No_(film)
Extraction of 3D data from digital images
points of pinhole cameras at B and D, onto image screens at E and H. In the attached diagram the distance between the centers of the two camera lens is
Computer_stereo_vision
Convex lens for fire making
their experiments with burning mirrors and the pinhole camera. A few decades after Alhazen described camera obscura in Iraq, the Song dynasty Chinese statesman
Burning_glass
Part of a sundial that casts a shadow
needed] Perforated gnomons projecting a pinhole image of the Sun, which results in a larger image due to the camera obscura effect. Projecting a larger image
Gnomon
Sensory abilities in snakes
visualizes thermal radiation using the same optical principles as a pinhole camera, wherein the location of a source of thermal radiation is determined
Infrared_sensing_in_snakes
Visual organs of the phylum
colourblind. Nautilus eyes lack a lens and cornea, and function akin to a pinhole camera. The pupil of a nautilus eye is a small hole approximately 10mm away
Mollusc_eye
Origins and diversification of the organs of sight through geologic time
cubozoan jellyfish that possess eyes comparable to vertebrate and cephalopod camera eyes despite lacking a brain. The earliest predecessors of the eye were
Evolution_of_the_eye
Range of cameras using a semi-transparent mirror
Single-lens translucent (SLT) is a Sony proprietary designation for Sony Alpha cameras which employ a pellicle mirror, electronic viewfinder, and phase-detection
Sony_SLT_camera
Camera triggered by motion
A camera trap is a camera that is automatically triggered by motion in its vicinity, like the presence of an animal or a human being. It is typically
Camera_trap
Branch of physics that studies light
a larger depth of field due to the lens approaching the limit of a pinhole camera which is able to focus all images perfectly, regardless of distance
Optics
American pinhole photographer
her portable pop-up pinhole cameras was a giant pinhole she made out of a pop-up camper: "Pinky's Portable Pop-up Pinhole Camera and Darkroom". She made
Pinky_Bass
Study of the experience and ritual use of light by ancient peoples
projecting an inverted image is known as a camera obscura (from the Latin, meaning dark room). The first pinhole/camera obscura eyes evolved about 540 million
Archaeo-optics
James Bond signature device
enough to bring the entire gun barrel into focus, Binder created a pinhole camera to solve the problem, and the barrel became crystal clear. Binder described
Gun_barrel_sequence
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