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Chemical compound
dementia. Piracetam is sold as a medication in many European countries. Piracetam in the United States is not approved for general use. Piracetam is in the
Piracetam
Class of drugs
specifically have a 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetamide (piracetam) nucleus. Some racetams, such as piracetam, aniracetam, oxiracetam, pramiracetam, and phenylpiracetam
Racetam
Compound intended to improve cognitive function
for many nootropic compounds. Racetams, piracetam and other compounds that are structurally related to piracetam have few serious adverse effects and low
Nootropic
Chemical compound
phenylpiracetam is a racetam and phenethylamine and is structurally related to piracetam. Phenylpiracetam was first described in 1983 by Bobkov Iu, et al. It was
Phenylpiracetam
Chemical compound
effects in animal studies and with significantly higher potency than piracetam. Sunifiram is a molecular simplification of unifiram (DM-232). Another
Sunifiram
Chemical compound
CSPC Pharmaceutical Group. Malykh AG, Sadaie MR (February 2010). "Piracetam and piracetam-like drugs: from basic science to novel clinical applications to
Oxiracetam
Medication
analogs of piracetam. In 1964, piracetam was first synthesized with the aim of developing medications to help with sleep. However, piracetam was not found
Levetiracetam
Prodrug
import alerts for imports of omberacetam, considering it an analog of piracetam. FDA considers such racetam-family substances Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
Omberacetam
Episodes of breathing cessation in children
Other studies have supported the use of piracetam; a 1998 study indicating that over two months piracetam reduced BHS incidence by sixty percent, twice
Breath-holding_spell
Class of medications used to alleviate anxiety
Retrieved 9 April 2013. Malykh, Andrei G.; Sadaie, M. Reza (2010). "Piracetam and Piracetam-Like Drugs". Drugs. 70 (3): 287–312. doi:10.2165/11319230-000000000-00000
Anxiolytic
Involuntary, irregular muscle twitch
studied in different combinations include clonazepam, sodium valproate, piracetam, and primidone. Hormonal therapy may improve responses to antimyoclonic
Myoclonus
Chemical compound
metabolites, 1-Methylhydantoin, displays renal toxicity in high doses. Piracetam Dell HD, Jacobi H, Kamp R, Kurz J, Wünsche C (August 1981). "[1-Methylhydantoin
Dupracetam
cognitive decline and in people recovering from a stroke. Racetams, such as piracetam, oxiracetam, phenylpiracetam, and aniracetam, are often marketed as cognitive
List_of_designer_drugs
Chemical compound
All piracetam derivatives are not permitted to be sold as dietary supplements in the United States. However, because they lack scheduling, piracetam derivatives
Phenylpiracetam_hydrazide
Species of bacterium
motile by means of peritrichous flagella. One strain is able to break down Piracetam. They are emerging as major opportunistic pathogens. Euzéby JP, Parte
Brucella_anthropi
Language disorder involving inability to produce language
studied in control studies. Bromocriptine – acts on catecholamine systems Piracetam – mechanism not fully understood, but most likely interacts with cholinergic
Expressive_aphasia
List of pharmaceutical drugs under clinical development for treatment of depression
adisinsight.springer.com. Malykh AG, Sadaie MR (February 2010). "Piracetam and piracetam-like drugs: from basic science to novel clinical applications to
List of investigational antidepressants
List_of_investigational_antidepressants
Biopharmaceutical company
expand, and led to the discovery of another important compound, called piracetam. This was marketed in the 1970s as Nootropil and used to treat memory
UCB_(company)
Chemical compound
accessed August 2, 2015 Malykh AG, Sadaie MR (February 2010). "Piracetam and piracetam-like drugs: from basic science to novel clinical applications to
Pramiracetam
1932 dystopian novel by Aldous Huxley
Chemical Stimulants Amphetamine Methamphetamine Ritalin Nootropics Modafinil Piracetam Xanthine derivatives Caffeine Neurological Brain implant Brain–computer
Brave_New_World
Pharmaceutical drug classification
N06BC02 Propentofylline N06BX01 Meclofenoxate N06BX02 Pyritinol N06BX03 Piracetam N06BX04 Deanol N06BX05 Fipexide N06BX06 Citicoline N06BX07 Oxiracetam
ATC_code_N06
Romanian psychologist and chemist (1923–1995)
1995) was a Romanian psychologist and chemist. In 1964 he synthesised piracetam, which he later described as a nootropic, a term he coined in 1972. Giurgea
Corneliu_E._Giurgea
Chemical compound
and memory disorder drugs Malykh AG, Sadaie MR (February 2010). "Piracetam and piracetam-like drugs: from basic science to novel clinical applications to
Fasoracetam
Medication
PMID 8199398. Malykh AG, Sadaie MR (February 2010). "Piracetam and piracetam-like drugs: from basic science to novel clinical applications to
Aniracetam
Chemical compound
Methylphenylpiracetam is a derivative of piracetam and a positive allosteric modulator of the sigma-1 receptor. It differs from phenylpiracetam by having
Methylphenylpiracetam
Chemical compound
and bepridil. It also forms the basis for the racetam compounds (e.g. piracetam, aniracetam). The amino acids proline and hydroxyproline are, in a structural
Pyrrolidine
Natural, artificial, or technological alteration of the human body
supplement. There are also nootropic drugs such as the common racetams, e.g. piracetam (Nootropil) and omberacetam (Noopept) along with the neuroprotective Semax
Human_enhancement
Lipid-containing residue associated with aging
appear to reduce or halt the production of lipofuscin. The nootropic drug piracetam appears to significantly reduce accumulation of lipofuscin in the brain
Lipofuscin
Small neuroactive peptide
Russia in 1991 as a drug related structurally and pharmacologically to piracetam. Cycloprolylglycine is also related to and known to be the major metabolite
Cyclic_glycine-proline
Wakefulness-promoting drug
phenibut, and racetams for use in the United States. Racetam drugs include piracetam, aniracetam, and coluracetam, and phenylpiracetam." Certain products,
Adrafinil
Wakefulness-promoting medication
Chrzanowski Ł (October 2019). "Nootropic drugs: Methylphenidate, modafinil and piracetam - Population use trends, occurrence in the environment, ecotoxicity and
Modafinil
Chemical compound
hepatitis. Fipexide is similar in action to other nootropic drugs such as piracetam[citation needed] and has a few similarities in chemical structure to centrophenoxine
Fipexide
Benzodiazepine drug
(not to be confused with «Фезам» (Phezam) which contains cinnarizine/piracetam) «Фезанеф» (Phezanef) tablets 1 mg 3-Hydroxyphenazepam – an active metabolite
Phenazepam
English author and Christian apologist (1874–1936)
Chemical Stimulants Amphetamine Methamphetamine Ritalin Nootropics Modafinil Piracetam Xanthine derivatives Caffeine Neurological Brain implant Brain–computer
G._K._Chesterton
Medication used to treat epilepsy and migraine
word-finding difficulties, which may occur in some patients, may respond to piracetam. Carbonation dysgeusia (distortion of the sense of taste-sensation of
Topiramate
Class of depressant drugs derived from barbituric acid
Nooglutyl ORG-26576 Oxiracetam PEPA Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242) Piracetam Pramiracetam S-18986 Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632) Antagonists: ACEA-1011
Barbiturate
Psychological theory
Biological Psychiatry. 12 (1): 49–74. PMID 13873. Tardner, P. (2023-11-07). "Piracetam For ADHD: Does it work?". Retrieved 2023-12-05. Weis, Robert (2014). "Disruptive
Low_arousal_theory
Dissociative anesthetic and anti-depressant
Nooglutyl ORG-26576 Oxiracetam PEPA Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242) Piracetam Pramiracetam S-18986 Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632) Antagonists: ACEA-1011
Ketamine
Diuretic medication
Nooglutyl ORG-26576 Oxiracetam PEPA Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242) Piracetam Pramiracetam S-18986 Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632) Antagonists: ACEA-1011
Hydrochlorothiazide
Philosophical movement
Chemical Stimulants Amphetamine Methamphetamine Ritalin Nootropics Modafinil Piracetam Xanthine derivatives Caffeine Neurological Brain implant Brain–computer
Transhumanism
Chemical compound
antiamnesic and other effects in animal studies with far greater potency than piracetam. A number of related compounds are known, such as sunifiram (DM-235) and
Unifiram
Class of bodybuilding supplement
PMID 31195319. S2CID 189812866. Malykh AG, Sadaie MR (February 2010). "Piracetam and piracetam-like drugs: from basic science to novel clinical applications to
Pre-workout
Chemical compound
enantiomeric form is levetiracetam, now marketed as an antiepileptic drug. Piracetam Sara SJ (1980). "Memory retrieval deficits: alleviation by etiracetam
Etiracetam
Chemical element with atomic number 30 (Zn)
Nooglutyl ORG-26576 Oxiracetam PEPA Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242) Piracetam Pramiracetam S-18986 Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632) Antagonists: ACEA-1011
Zinc
Medication of the barbiturate type
Nooglutyl ORG-26576 Oxiracetam PEPA Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242) Piracetam Pramiracetam S-18986 Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632) Antagonists: ACEA-1011
Phenobarbital
Spice made from crocus flowers
Nooglutyl ORG-26576 Oxiracetam PEPA Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242) Piracetam Pramiracetam S-18986 Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632) Antagonists: ACEA-1011
Saffron
Blue dye also used as a medication
Nooglutyl ORG-26576 Oxiracetam PEPA Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242) Piracetam Pramiracetam S-18986 Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632) Antagonists: ACEA-1011
Methylene_blue
Dissociative hallucinogenic drug, mostly used recreationally
Nooglutyl ORG-26576 Oxiracetam PEPA Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242) Piracetam Pramiracetam S-18986 Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632) Antagonists: ACEA-1011
Phencyclidine
Loop diuretic medication
Nooglutyl ORG-26576 Oxiracetam PEPA Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242) Piracetam Pramiracetam S-18986 Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632) Antagonists: ACEA-1011
Furosemide
Colourless non-flammable greenhouse gas
Nooglutyl ORG-26576 Oxiracetam PEPA Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242) Piracetam Pramiracetam S-18986 Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632) Antagonists: ACEA-1011
Nitrous_oxide
Cough suppressant and dissociative drug
Nooglutyl ORG-26576 Oxiracetam PEPA Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242) Piracetam Pramiracetam S-18986 Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632) Antagonists: ACEA-1011
Dextromethorphan
Volatile anaesthesia medication
Nooglutyl ORG-26576 Oxiracetam PEPA Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242) Piracetam Pramiracetam S-18986 Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632) Antagonists: ACEA-1011
Methoxyflurane
Skin disease characterized by red, raised, and itchy bumps
penicillin, clotrimazole, trichazole, sulfonamides, anticonvulsants, cefaclor, piracetam, vaccines, and antidiabetic drugs. The antidiabetic sulphonylurea glimepiride
Hives
1945 science-fiction novel by C. S. Lewis
Chemical Stimulants Amphetamine Methamphetamine Ritalin Nootropics Modafinil Piracetam Xanthine derivatives Caffeine Neurological Brain implant Brain–computer
That_Hideous_Strength
Barbiturate general anesthetic
Nooglutyl ORG-26576 Oxiracetam PEPA Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242) Piracetam Pramiracetam S-18986 Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632) Antagonists: ACEA-1011
Sodium_thiopental
Class of drugs
(R,R)-PIMSD Racetam and related compounds (very weak) – aniracetam, piracetam, traneurocin (NA-831), various others Others: PF-04701475, pesampator
AMPA receptor positive allosteric modulator
AMPA_receptor_positive_allosteric_modulator
Chemical compound
in 2008. As of 2023[update], human trials have not yet been conducted. Piracetam Aniracetam Racetam Takeo S, Hayashi H, Miyake K, Takagi K, Tadokoro M
Nebracetam
Psychoactive substance found in plants in the family Apocynaceae
Nooglutyl ORG-26576 Oxiracetam PEPA Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242) Piracetam Pramiracetam S-18986 Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632) Antagonists: ACEA-1011
Ibogaine
Concept of eternal life
Chemical Stimulants Amphetamine Methamphetamine Ritalin Nootropics Modafinil Piracetam Xanthine derivatives Caffeine Neurological Brain implant Brain–computer
Immortality
Muscle relaxant medication
Nooglutyl ORG-26576 Oxiracetam PEPA Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242) Piracetam Pramiracetam S-18986 Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632) Antagonists: ACEA-1011
Carisoprodol
Experimental antidepressant
Nooglutyl ORG-26576 Oxiracetam PEPA Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242) Piracetam Pramiracetam S-18986 Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632) Antagonists: ACEA-1011
Osavampator
Glutamate receptor and ion channel protein found in nerve cells
Nooglutyl ORG-26576 Oxiracetam PEPA Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242) Piracetam Pramiracetam S-18986 Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632) Antagonists: ACEA-1011
NMDA_receptor
Ubiquitous antioxidant compound in living organisms
Nooglutyl ORG-26576 Oxiracetam PEPA Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242) Piracetam Pramiracetam S-18986 Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632) Antagonists: ACEA-1011
Glutathione
Rhetorical tactic and potential fallacy
Chemical Stimulants Amphetamine Methamphetamine Ritalin Nootropics Modafinil Piracetam Xanthine derivatives Caffeine Neurological Brain implant Brain–computer
Appeal_to_nature
Chemical element with atomic number 12 (Mg)
Nooglutyl ORG-26576 Oxiracetam PEPA Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242) Piracetam Pramiracetam S-18986 Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632) Antagonists: ACEA-1011
Magnesium
Medication used to treat ADHD
Nooglutyl ORG-26576 Oxiracetam PEPA Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242) Piracetam Pramiracetam S-18986 Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632) Antagonists: ACEA-1011
Atomoxetine
Chemical compound
prescribe and should be available from a pharmacist on prescription." Piracetam Tricyanoaminopropene Bessho T, Takashina K, Tabata R, Ohshima C, Chaki
Coluracetam
Withdrawn opioid medication
Nooglutyl ORG-26576 Oxiracetam PEPA Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242) Piracetam Pramiracetam S-18986 Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632) Antagonists: ACEA-1011
Dextropropoxyphene
CHCl3, historical anaesthetic and common solvent
Nooglutyl ORG-26576 Oxiracetam PEPA Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242) Piracetam Pramiracetam S-18986 Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632) Antagonists: ACEA-1011
Chloroform
Modification of the brain
Romanian chemist from University of Bucharest. In his study, he classified Piracetam as a nootropic and determined that nootropics should fit the following
Neurohacking
Colorless gas with the formula NO
Nooglutyl ORG-26576 Oxiracetam PEPA Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242) Piracetam Pramiracetam S-18986 Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632) Antagonists: ACEA-1011
Nitric_oxide
Chemical element with atomic number 54 (Xe)
Nooglutyl ORG-26576 Oxiracetam PEPA Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242) Piracetam Pramiracetam S-18986 Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632) Antagonists: ACEA-1011
Xenon
Class of drugs
of the nootropic aniracetam NCS-382 – antagonist of the GHB receptor Piracetam and other racetams – nootropics Pivagabine (N-pivaloyl-GABA) – antidepressant/anxiolytic
GABA_analogue
Opioid analgesic and maintenance therapy
Nooglutyl ORG-26576 Oxiracetam PEPA Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242) Piracetam Pramiracetam S-18986 Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632) Antagonists: ACEA-1011
Methadone
Class of medications
Luminal Unknown 1912 1920 phenytoin Dilantin/Epanutin 1938 1938 1941 piracetam Nootropil never approved phensuximide Milontin 1953 pregabalin Lyrica
Anticonvulsant
Transmembrane protein family
Mibampator (LY-451395) ORG-26576 Oxiracetam PEPA Pesampator (BIIB-104) Piracetam Pramiracetam Traneurocin (NA-831) Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632) Becampanel
AMPA_receptor
Carbamate derivative used as an anti-anxiety medication
Nooglutyl ORG-26576 Oxiracetam PEPA Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242) Piracetam Pramiracetam S-18986 Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632) Antagonists: ACEA-1011
Meprobamate
American political scientist, economist, and author (born 1952)
Chemical Stimulants Amphetamine Methamphetamine Ritalin Nootropics Modafinil Piracetam Xanthine derivatives Caffeine Neurological Brain implant Brain–computer
Francis_Fukuyama
Synthetic opioid pain medication
Nooglutyl ORG-26576 Oxiracetam PEPA Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242) Piracetam Pramiracetam S-18986 Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632) Antagonists: ACEA-1011
Tramadol
Chemical compound
PMID 9062668. S2CID 4045550. Gouliaev AH, Senning A (May 1994). "Piracetam and other structurally related nootropics". Brain Research. Brain Research
Nefiracetam
Amino acid
Nooglutyl ORG-26576 Oxiracetam PEPA Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242) Piracetam Pramiracetam S-18986 Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632) Antagonists: ACEA-1011
Glycine
Medication used to treat Alzheimer's disease
Nooglutyl ORG-26576 Oxiracetam PEPA Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242) Piracetam Pramiracetam S-18986 Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632) Antagonists: ACEA-1011
Memantine
Type of ion channel transmembrane protein
Quisqualic acid, etc. Antagonists: CNQX, Kynurenic acid, NBQX, Perampanel, Piracetam, etc. Positive allosteric modulators: Aniracetam, Cyclothiazide, CX-516
Ligand-gated_ion_channel
Amino acid
Nooglutyl ORG-26576 Oxiracetam PEPA Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242) Piracetam Pramiracetam S-18986 Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632) Antagonists: ACEA-1011
Aspartic_acid
Opioid analgesic
Nooglutyl ORG-26576 Oxiracetam PEPA Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242) Piracetam Pramiracetam S-18986 Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632) Antagonists: ACEA-1011
Pethidine
South Korean scientific misconduct scandal
Chemical Stimulants Amphetamine Methamphetamine Ritalin Nootropics Modafinil Piracetam Xanthine derivatives Caffeine Neurological Brain implant Brain–computer
Hwang_affair
Genetic disorder causing an exaggerated startle response
GPHN gene Medication Clonazepam, diazepam, or phenobarbital; carbamazepine; 5-hydroxytryptophan; phenytoin; valproate; piracetam Frequency 1 in 40,000
Hyperekplexia
Chemical compound
Nooglutyl ORG-26576 Oxiracetam PEPA Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242) Piracetam Pramiracetam S-18986 Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632) Antagonists: ACEA-1011
Dehydroepiandrosterone
Special crystals composed of multiple compounds
bioavailability. Another example of an API being studied would be that of Piracetam, or (2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)acetamide, which is used to stimulate the central
Cocrystal
Amino acid and neurotransmitter
Nooglutyl ORG-26576 Oxiracetam PEPA Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242) Piracetam Pramiracetam S-18986 Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632) Antagonists: ACEA-1011
Glutamic_acid
Concept of extending human lifespan
Chemical Stimulants Amphetamine Methamphetamine Ritalin Nootropics Modafinil Piracetam Xanthine derivatives Caffeine Neurological Brain implant Brain–computer
Life_extension
Class of anesthetics
Nooglutyl ORG-26576 Oxiracetam PEPA Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242) Piracetam Pramiracetam S-18986 Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632) Antagonists: ACEA-1011
NMDA_receptor_antagonist
Amino acid
Nooglutyl ORG-26576 Oxiracetam PEPA Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242) Piracetam Pramiracetam S-18986 Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632) Antagonists: ACEA-1011
Glutamine
cortisol/hydrocortisone, prednisone, prednisolone, dexamethasone) Nootropics (e.g., piracetam) Poppers/alkyl nitrites (e.g., amyl nitrite) Others (e.g., blue lotus/blue
List_of_psychoactive_drugs
Short-acting barbiturate
Nooglutyl ORG-26576 Oxiracetam PEPA Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242) Piracetam Pramiracetam S-18986 Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632) Antagonists: ACEA-1011
Pentobarbital
Α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins
Nooglutyl ORG-26576 Oxiracetam PEPA Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242) Piracetam Pramiracetam S-18986 Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632) Antagonists: ACEA-1011
Alanine
aircraft. Corneliu E. Giurgea: coined the term nootropics, after discovering Piracetam and describing it as such. Spiru Haret: he made a fundamental contribution
List of Romanian inventors and discoverers
List_of_Romanian_inventors_and_discoverers
Chemical compound
Nooglutyl ORG-26576 Oxiracetam PEPA Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242) Piracetam Pramiracetam S-18986 Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632) Antagonists: ACEA-1011
Spermidine
C2HCl3, widely used industrial solvent
Nooglutyl ORG-26576 Oxiracetam PEPA Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242) Piracetam Pramiracetam S-18986 Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632) Antagonists: ACEA-1011
Trichloroethylene
Class of prescription drugs in India
PHENYLBUTAZINE 399. PIMOZIDE 400. PINDOLOL 401. PIOGLITAZONE HYDROCHLORIDE 402. PIRACETAM 403. PIROXICAM 404. PITUITORY GLAND, ACTIVE PRINCIPLES OF, NOT OTHERWISE
Schedule_H
PIRACETAM
PIRACETAM
PIRACETAM
PIRACETAM
Girl/Female
Muslim
Life, Woman
Boy/Male
Hindu
Name of Lord Shiva, Good Deva
Girl/Female
Indian, Kannada
Superior; The Elder
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit
Always Smile
Boy/Male
Indian, Telugu
Wonder
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Slave of Allah
Boy/Male
German, Teutonic
Mariner
Boy/Male
Arabic, Malaysian, Muslim
Well to do; Wealthy
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Servant of the Glorious
Girl/Female
Muslim
PIRACETAM
PIRACETAM
PIRACETAM
PIRACETAM
PIRACETAM