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Academic journal
Placenta is a peer-reviewed medical journal in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. It provides information on scientific and clinical investigations
Placenta_(journal)
Organ that connects the fetus to the uterine wall
The placenta (pl.: placentas or placentae) is a temporary embryonic and later fetal organ that begins developing from the blastocyst shortly after implantation
Placenta
Medical condition
In placenta praevia (or placenta previa), the placenta attaches inside the uterus in a position that partially or completely covers the cervical opening
Placenta_praevia
Medical condition
Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS), also called morbidly adherent placenta is a medical condition that occurs when all or part of the placenta attaches abnormally
Placenta_accreta_spectrum
Medical condition
edges of the placenta. After delivery, a circumvallate placenta has a thick ring of membranes on its fetal surface. Circumvallate placenta is a placental
Circumvallate_placenta
Ejection of the placenta from the uterus after childbirth
when the placenta comes out of the birth canal after childbirth. The time between the expulsion of the baby and the expulsion of the placenta is called
Placental_expulsion
Eukaryotic cell with multiple nuclei
on the cytotrophoblast contribution to the syncytium in the human placenta". Journal of Anatomy. 100 (Pt 3): 535–48. PMC 1270795. PMID 5965440. Read ND
Multinucleate_cell
Medical condition
Placental abruption is when the placenta separates early from the uterus, in other words separates before childbirth. It occurs most commonly around 25
Placental_abruption
Postpartum eating of human placenta
Human placentophagy, or consumption of the human placenta, is defined as "the ingestion of a human placenta postpartum, at any time, by any person, either
Human_placentophagy
Formation and structure of the placenta
Placentation is the formation, type and structure, or modes of arrangement of the placenta. The function of placentation is to transfer nutrients, respiratory gases
Placentation
Act of mammals eating the placenta of their young after childbirth
involves the delivery of the neonate, as well as the placenta and fetal membranes. The placenta is a critical organ that develops in the maternal uterus
Placentophagy
Birth method
umbilical cord uncut after childbirth so that the baby is left attached to the placenta until the cord naturally separates at the umbilicus. This usually occurs
Lotus_birth
Facility which stores umbilical cord blood for future use
collected from the placenta. After the health care provider draws the cord blood from the placental end of the umbilical cord, the placenta is couriered to
Cord_blood_bank
Hypertension occurring during pregnancy
mechanisms are complex and involve abnormal formation of blood vessels in the placenta amongst other factors. Most cases are diagnosed before delivery, and may
Pre-eclampsia
Italian anatomy professor and surgeon (c.1515–1559)
M. Cimino, V. Zanardo, and S. Chiarelli. "Placenta." Journal of the International Federation of Placenta Associations. ELSEVIER, 13 March 2012. Web.
Realdo_Colombo
Species of gastropod
Cardiapoda placenta, common name the flat cardiapod, is a species of sea snail, a rare pelagic gastropod mollusc in the family Carinariidae. This species
Cardiapoda_placenta
Medical condition
disease, disorder, or pathology of the placenta. Ischemic placental disease leads to the attachment of the placenta to the uterine wall to become under-perfused
Placental_disease
Medical condition
haemorrhaging. There are 4 degrees of antepartum haemorrhaging: Placenta praevia refers to when the placenta of a growing foetus is attached abnormally low within
Antepartum_bleeding
Device for artificial gestation
within an ecto-uterine environment. Artificially grown placenta: There is potential to grow a placenta using human endometrial cells. In 2002, it was announced
Artificial_womb
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
PGF is expressed only in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and the placenta. PGF is ultimately associated with angiogenesis. Specifically, PGF plays
Placental_growth_factor
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
fructose 6-phosphate, 2-kinase/fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase from human placenta". Journal of Biochemistry. 119 (3): 506–11. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem
PFKFB3
Velamentous placenta
hence the vessels traverse between the amnion and the chorion towards the placenta. Without Wharton's jelly protecting the vessels, the exposed vessels are
Velamentous_cord_insertion
Vascular structure in the placenta
The placenta of humans, and certain other mammals contains structures known as cotyledons, which transmit fetal blood and allow exchange of oxygen and
Placental_cotyledon
Concept in epidemiology
Miglino MA (December 2010). "A review of immune transfer by the placenta". Journal of Reproductive Immunology. 87 (1–2): 14–20. doi:10.1016/j.jri.2010
Herd_immunity
Human disease caused by Orthohepevirus A
"Evidence of extrahepatic replication of hepatitis E virus in human placenta". Journal of General Virology. 95 (6): 1266–1271. doi:10.1099/vir.0.063602-0
Hepatitis_E
US physician-scientist
Retrieved 1 July 2024. Emeritus editors, Placenta journal editorial board. https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/placenta/about/editorial-board. Retrieved 9
Yoel_Sadovsky
Conduit between embryo/fetus and the placenta
umbilicalis) is a conduit between the developing embryo or fetus and the placenta. During prenatal development, the umbilical cord is physiologically and
Umbilical_cord
Medical condition
lymphocytes across the placenta. VUE is diagnosed in 7–10% placentas in pregnancies. Roughly 80% of the VUE cases are in term placentas (greater than 37 weeks
Villitis_of_unknown_etiology
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Placenta-specific protein 1 is a small (212 amino acid), secreted cell surface protein encoded on the X-chromosome by the PLAC1 gene. Since its discovery
Placenta-specific_protein_1
Early embryonic structure that gives rise to the placenta
formation of much of the placenta. Trophoblasts are present four days after fertilization in humans. As part of the placenta they provide nutrients to
Trophoblast
Protein found in humans
protein whose function is best characterized in placental development. The placenta in turn aids in embryo attachment to the uterus and establishment of a
Syncytin-1
Circulatory system of fetuses
different before and after birth. The fetal circulation is composed of the placenta, umbilical blood vessels encapsulated by the umbilical cord, heart and
Fetal_circulation
Medical condition
PMID 23466142. Silver RM, Branch DW (April 2018). "Placenta Accreta Spectrum". The New England Journal of Medicine. 378 (16): 1529–1536. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp1709324
Complications_of_pregnancy
Layered filo pastry dessert
are several proposals for the original roots of baklava like the Greek placenta cake, the medieval Arabic confection lauzinaj, and the Central Asian Turkic
Baklava
Species of lizard
in a viviparous lizard (Pseudemoia pagenstecheri) with a complex placenta". Journal of Zoology. 248 (3): 295–305. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1999.tb01030
Pseudemoia_entrecasteauxii
Practice of eating oneself
Beacock, Michelle (1 July 2012). "Does eating placenta offer postpartum health benefits?". British Journal of Midwifery. 20 (7): 464–469. doi:10.12968/bjom
Autocannibalism
Class of enzymes
fructose 6-phosphate, 2-kinase/fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase from human placenta". Journal of Biochemistry. 119 (3): 506–11. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem
Phosphofructokinase_2
Syndrome of severe multiple congenital anomalies in the fetus
cord is shortened or absent with the fetus being directly attached to the placenta, a key feature in its prenatal diagnosis by ultrasound. Several systems
Limb_body_wall_complex
American physician
Slemons, J. Morris (1 July 1911). "The Amino-Acids in the Mature Human Placenta". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 9 (6): 471–489. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)91446-8
J._Morris_Slemons
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
intracellular forms of human chorionic gonadotropin in first trimester placenta". Journal of Biochemistry. 102 (5): 993–1001. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem
Glycoprotein hormones, alpha polypeptide
Glycoprotein_hormones,_alpha_polypeptide
Marsupial endemic to the Australia–New Guinea region
bandicoots have a chorioallantoic placenta that connects them to the uterine wall, in addition to the choriovitelline placenta common to all marsupials. However
Bandicoot
Loss of blood following childbirth
supplies the fetus during pregnancy. Other causes are retained placenta, where the placenta is not expelled after childbirth; a tear of the uterus, cervix
Postpartum_bleeding
Complication of obstetrics
an accessory (succenturiate) lobe of the placenta to its main disk. Observation of patients who had placenta praevia in the second trimester of their
Vasa_praevia
Malignant cancer, usually of the placenta
Choriocarcinoma is a trophoblastic cancer usually located on the placenta. It is characterized by early hematogenous spread to the lungs. It belongs to
Choriocarcinoma
Ultrasound performed between 18–22 weeks of gestational age
ultrasound, or level 2 ultrasound, evaluates anatomic structures of the fetus, placenta, and maternal pelvic organs. This scan is an important and common component
Anomaly_scan
Tolerance of a fetus during pregnancy
maternal immune tolerance is the immune tolerance shown towards the fetus and placenta during pregnancy. This tolerance counters the immune response that would
Immune_tolerance_in_pregnancy
Physiological phenomenon of transfer of stress to foetus during pregnancy
stress experienced during pregnancy is transferred to the fetus via the placenta. This transfer causes an imbalance of hormones and affecting the fetal
Maternal fetal stress transfer
Maternal_fetal_stress_transfer
Delivery through the vagina
of lactation Decreased complications in future pregnancies, including placenta previa Benefits for the infant include: Develop microbiota from exposure
Vaginal_delivery
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
fructose 6-phosphate, 2-kinase/fructose 2,6-bisphosphatase from human placenta". Journal of Biochemistry. 119 (3): 506–11. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem
PFKFB4
Breakfast pastry in Greece
Ancient Greek/Roman placenta cake. A similar dessert is still known as placenta (Greek: πλατσέντα) on the island of Lesbos in Greece. Placenta is a type of pancake
Bougatsa
Abnormal development of a fetus in the abdomen rather than the uterus
minority—are of the view that abdominal pregnancy should be defined by a placenta implanted into the peritoneum. Symptoms may include abdominal pain or vaginal
Abdominal_pregnancy
Medical specialty concerning pregnancy and childbirth
Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology Menopause (journal) Obstetrics & Gynecology (journal) Placenta
Outline_of_obstetrics
Amnion and chorion which surround and protect a developing fetus
conceptus that are not part of the embryo itself; the other two are the placenta and the umbilical cord. The fetal membranes surround the developing embryo
Fetal_membranes
Failure of the placenta to deliver sufficient nutrients to the fetus during pregnancy
of the placenta to deliver sufficient nutrients to the fetus during pregnancy, and is often a result of insufficient blood flow to the placenta. The term
Placental_insufficiency
Cell type
trophoblasts (EVTs), are one form of differentiated trophoblast cells of the placenta. They are invasive mesenchymal cells which function to establish critical
Extravillous_trophoblast
Breast milk production delay
progesterone and elevation of prolactin levels after the complete expulsion of placenta. The other two stages of milk production are stage I lactogenesis and stage
Delayed_onset_of_lactation
Indian American medical scientist
mechanisms for long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in the human placenta". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 71 (1): 315s–322s. doi:10.1093/ajcn/71
Asim_Duttaroy
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
properties of calphobindin II, an anticoagulant protein from human placenta". Journal of Biochemistry. 107 (1): 43–50. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem
Annexin_A6
Species of roundworm
Placentonema gigantissima is a giant nematode that parasitizes the placenta and other tissues of the sperm whale. With a length of 8.4 metres (28 ft) and
Placentonema_gigantissima
Protein-coding gene in humans
been reported in the testis and placenta and relatively higher nuclear protein expression has been observed in the placenta, testis and ovarian follicles
EZH_inhibitory_protein
Medical condition
Chorioangioma, or chorangioma, is a benign tumor of placenta. It is a hamartoma-like growth in the placenta consisting of blood vessels, and is seen in approximately
Chorioangioma
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
properties of two laminin isoforms (AmB1eB2e, AmB1sB2e) from human placenta". Journal of Cell Science. 107 (1): 329–38. doi:10.1242/jcs.107.1.329. PMID 8175920
FBLN1
Medical condition
commonly believed to be an improperly implanted placenta. Humans have evolved to have a very invasive placenta to facilitate better oxygen transfer from the
Gestational_hypertension
One of two offspring produced by the same pregnancy
that two placentas automatically implies dizygotic twins, but if monozygotic twins separate early enough, the arrangement of sacs and placentas in utero
Twin
Histological problem with the placenta leading to reduced foetal growth or miscarriage
excessive deposition of fibrous tissue around the chorionic villi of the placenta. It causes reduced growth of the foetus, and leads to miscarriage in nearly
Massive perivillous fibrin deposition
Massive_perivillous_fibrin_deposition
Attachment of an embryo outside the uterus
placenta from the organs to which it is attached usually lead to uncontrollable bleeding from the attachment site. If the organ to which the placenta
Ectopic_pregnancy
Medical condition
with gas and nutrient exchange taking place across a membrane in the placenta made of two layers, the syncytiotrophoblast and the cytotrophoblast. Fetal-maternal
Fetal-maternal_haemorrhage
Biological Phenomenon
Powell, Theresa (2012). "Regulation of Nutrient Transport across the Placenta". Journal of Pregnancy. 2012 179827. doi:10.1155/2012/179827. PMC 3523549. PMID 23304511
Maternal transfer in aquatic mammals
Maternal_transfer_in_aquatic_mammals
Prenatal organism between the embryonic state and birth
oxygen and nutrients from the mother through the placenta and the umbilical cord. Blood from the placenta is carried to the fetus by the umbilical vein.
Fetus
Development of the embryo inside the mother
but those with fully developed placentas such as found in the Theria, some skinks, and some fish can rely on the placenta for transfer of all necessary
Viviparity
American biologist
Her research on the ancestral origin of the human placenta has been covered by The Wall Street Journal and The Scientist. Baker's collaborators include
Julie_Baker
Protein with antiangiogenic properties
monocytes, the placenta is theorized to be the major source of sFlt-1 during pregnancy. sFlt-1 mRNA shows strong expression in the placenta, and serum concentration
Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1
Soluble_fms-like_tyrosine_kinase-1
(1928)", The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 15 (1929), p. 95. A.H. Gardiner, "Additions to the new hieroglyphic fount (1931)", The Journal of Egyptian
List_of_Egyptian_hieroglyphs
Hormone for the maternal recognition of pregnancy
growing embryo (syncytiotrophoblast initially), which eventually forms the placenta after implantation. The presence of hCG is detected in some pregnancy tests
Human_chorionic_gonadotropin
Physiological process in the endometrium
during childbirth. Decidualization plays an important role in promoting placenta formation between a mother and her fetus by mediating the invasiveness
Decidualization
Protein found in humans
identified in a human placenta. Specifically, Syncytin-2 was observed in the cytoplasmic membrane of primary trophoblast cells in the placenta. The receptor for
Syncytin-2
Pregnancy-specific biological substances, which include the placenta, umbilical cord, amniotic fluid, and amniotic membrane are being studied for a number
Pregnancy specific biological substances
Pregnancy_specific_biological_substances
Loss of tone in the uterine musculature
Retained placental tissue or placental disorders, such as an adherent placenta, placenta previa, and abruption placentae increase the mother's risk of PPH
Uterine_atony
Medical condition
represents a discrepancy between the chromosomal makeup of the cells in the placenta and the cells in the fetus. CPM was first described by Kalousek and Dill
Confined_placental_mosaicism
Female sex organ in mammals
the decidua. Vascular spaces fuse and become interconnected, forming the placenta, which supplies oxygen and nutrition to the embryo and fetus. The myometrium
Uterus
2017 book by Adam Kay
undiagnosed placenta praevia. Kay first delivered the placenta and then the baby, which was dead and unable to be resuscitated. The detached placenta caused
This_Is_Going_to_Hurt
Birth defect of the spinal cord
Evidence from the Collaborative Perinatal Project". Placenta. 114: 56–67. doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2021.08.052. PMID 34479062. Archived from the original
Spina_bifida
Class of animals
some species can nourish the eggs as fetuses through various forms of placenta analogs, with some providing initial parental care for their hatchlings
Reptile
Species of mammal
"Energetics of Terrestrial Locomotion of the Platypus Ornithorhynchus Anatinus". Journal of Experimental Biology. 204 (4): 797–803. Bibcode:2001JExpB.204..797F
Platypus
Enzyme
DAO in the placenta breaks down histamine to prevent its accumulation and maintain a healthy pregnancy. Low levels of DAO in the placenta may contribute
Diamine_oxidase
Cells found in the blood and organs of guinea pigs and capybara
treatment, a large number of Kurloff cells circulated in the blood. At the placenta of a pregnant guinea pig, Kurloff cells are more concentrated at the vascular
Kurloff_cell
Form of maternal care during embryo development
is supplied with additional nutrition from the mother (e.g. through a placenta). This can be contrasted with lecithotrophy, in which the only source of
Matrotrophy
Medical condition
Placentitis is an inflammation of the placenta. The main forms of placentitis are: Villitis, inflammation of chorionic villi. Intervillositis, inflammation
Placentitis
not low risk. The tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) within cannabis crosses the placenta, directly exposing the developing fetus to this chemical. Cannabis use
List of common misconceptions about science, technology, and mathematics
List_of_common_misconceptions_about_science,_technology,_and_mathematics
Protein hormone
corpus luteum of the ovary, the breast and, during pregnancy, also by the placenta, chorion, and decidua. In the male, it is produced in the prostate and
Relaxin
Magnorder of mammals
; Goodman, Morris; Romero, Roberto (2006). "Evolution of the mammalian placenta revealed by phylogenetic analysis". Proceedings of the National Academy
Atlantogenata
Pseudogene in the species Homo sapiens
2002). "Endotoxin-neutralizing antimicrobial proteins of the human placenta". Journal of Immunology. 168 (5): 2356–64. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.168.5.2356.
H2BC12L
Conclusion of the human pregnancy
descent and birth of the baby during the second, and the birth of the placenta during the third. During the first stage, contractions gradually become
Childbirth
Period during the carrying of an embryo
lizards also employ this method such as the genera Tiliqua and Corucia. The placenta is attached directly to the mother in these lizards which is called viviparous
Gestation
Potentially fatal complication of pregnancy
pregnancy Previous or current abdominal trauma A history of placenta previa or any abnormal placenta implantation Gestational hypertension or diabetes mellitus
Amniotic_fluid_embolism
human placenta and is distinct from bacteria that cause infection and preterm birth in chorioamnionitis. Until recently, the healthy placenta was considered
Placental_microbiome
Model of intercultural competence
PMID 15070491. Takayama, Masaomi (1999). "The role of the placenta in Japanese culture". Placenta. 20 (1): 5. doi:10.1016/S0143-4004(99)80002-2. Tortumluoğlu
Purnell Model for Cultural Competence
Purnell_Model_for_Cultural_Competence
Stuffed phyllo pastry
plakountas (Byzantine Greek: εν τυρίτας πλακούντας) "cheesy placenta", itself a descendant of placenta, the classical baked layered dough dish of Ancient Greek
Börek
Infraclass of mammals in the clade Eutheria
misnomer, considering that marsupials also nourish their fetuses via a placenta, though for a relatively briefer period, giving birth to less-developed
Placentalia
Human hormones produced during pregnancy
oxytocin. Hormones are synthesized in certain organs, including the ovaries, placenta, and pituitary gland. These hormones have essential functions in pregnancy
Pregnancy_hormones
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