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Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Placenta specific 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PLAC8 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000145287 – Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38:
Placenta_specific_8
Organ that connects the fetus to the uterine wall
The placenta (pl.: placentas or placentae) is a temporary embryonic and later fetal organ that begins developing from the blastocyst shortly after implantation
Placenta
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Placenta-specific protein 1 is a small (212 amino acid), secreted cell surface protein encoded on the X-chromosome by the PLAC1 gene. Since its discovery
Placenta-specific_protein_1
Medical condition
In placenta praevia (or placenta previa), the placenta attaches inside the uterus in a position that partially or completely covers the cervical opening
Placenta_praevia
Human chromosome
polycystic kidney disease 2 (autosomal dominant) PLAC8: encoding protein Placenta specific 8 PLK4: Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK4 PPEF2: encoding protein
Chromosome_4
Postpartum eating of human placenta
Human placentophagy, or consumption of the human placenta, is defined as "the ingestion of a human placenta postpartum, at any time, by any person, either
Human_placentophagy
Medical condition
edges of the placenta. After delivery, a circumvallate placenta has a thick ring of membranes on its fetal surface. Circumvallate placenta is a placental
Circumvallate_placenta
Medical condition
Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS), also called morbidly adherent placenta is a medical condition that occurs when all or part of the placenta attaches abnormally
Placenta_accreta_spectrum
Formation and structure of the placenta
Placentation is the formation, type and structure, or modes of arrangement of the placenta. The function of placentation is to transfer nutrients, respiratory gases
Placentation
Hypertension occurring during pregnancy
"Review: placenta-specific microRNAs in exosomes - good things come in nano-packages". Placenta. 3 (Suppl): S69–S73. doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2013.11.002
Pre-eclampsia
Protein found in humans
protein whose function is best characterized in placental development. The placenta in turn aids in embryo attachment to the uterus and establishment of a
Syncytin-1
Act of mammals eating the placenta of their young after childbirth
involves the delivery of the neonate, as well as the placenta and fetal membranes. The placenta is a critical organ that develops in the maternal uterus
Placentophagy
Early embryonic structure that gives rise to the placenta
supply of blood, and the placenta is not subjected to fluctuations in oxygen that could cause it damage. The invasion of a specific type of trophoblast (extravillous
Trophoblast
Practice of eating oneself
the human placenta: III Vitamin content". American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 52 (5): 783–787. doi:10.1016/0002-9378(46)90185-8. ISSN 0002-9378
Autocannibalism
Collection of tissues with similar functions
original on 21 July 2019. Retrieved 8 September 2019. Griffith, Oliver W.; Wagner, Günter P. (23 March 2017). "The placenta as a model for understanding the
Organ_(biology)
Species of roundworm
is a giant nematode that parasitizes the placenta and other tissues of the sperm whale. With a length of 8.4 metres (28 ft) and a diameter of 2.5 centimetres
Placentonema_gigantissima
Loss of blood following childbirth
supplies the fetus during pregnancy. Other causes are retained placenta, where the placenta is not expelled after childbirth; a tear of the uterus, cervix
Postpartum_bleeding
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
for the angiogenic factor, placenta growth factor (PlGF), are transcribed from a single gene of chromosome 14". Oncogene. 8 (4): 925–931. PMID 7681160
Placental_growth_factor
Indian American medical scientist
protein (FATP), and intracellular FABPs, in the human placenta. He identified that the placental-specific FABPpm is mainly responsible for the preferential
Asim_Duttaroy
Medical condition
lymphocytes across the placenta. VUE is diagnosed in 7–10% placentas in pregnancies. Roughly 80% of the VUE cases are in term placentas (greater than 37 weeks
Villitis_of_unknown_etiology
Cell type
trophoblasts (EVTs), are one form of differentiated trophoblast cells of the placenta. They are invasive mesenchymal cells which function to establish critical
Extravillous_trophoblast
Tolerance of a fetus during pregnancy
maternal immune tolerance is the immune tolerance shown towards the fetus and placenta during pregnancy. This tolerance counters the immune response that would
Immune_tolerance_in_pregnancy
Medical condition
represents a discrepancy between the chromosomal makeup of the cells in the placenta and the cells in the fetus. CPM was first described by Kalousek and Dill
Confined_placental_mosaicism
Medical condition
(April 1999). "Risk factors for placenta accreta". Obstetrics and Gynecology. 93 (4): 545–550. doi:10.1016/S0029-7844(98)00460-8. PMID 10214831. Anuselvi, M
Complications_of_pregnancy
Pregnancy-specific biological substances, which include the placenta, umbilical cord, amniotic fluid, and amniotic membrane are being studied for a number
Pregnancy specific biological substances
Pregnancy_specific_biological_substances
Medical condition
commonly believed to be an improperly implanted placenta. Humans have evolved to have a very invasive placenta to facilitate better oxygen transfer from the
Gestational_hypertension
Archived from the original on 10 February 2018. Retrieved 30 September 2020. Specific Plunkett, John (12 February 2013). "Call the Midwife commissioned for third
List of Call the Midwife episodes
List_of_Call_the_Midwife_episodes
Human hormones produced during pregnancy
oxytocin. Hormones are synthesized in certain organs, including the ovaries, placenta, and pituitary gland. These hormones have essential functions in pregnancy
Pregnancy_hormones
Species of fish
prolifica, the pericardial sac spreads to form a "belly sac" and a follicular placenta is formed inside. Up to five clutches of eggs at different stages of development
Poeciliopsis_prolifica
Antibody isotype
placenta, thereby providing protection to the fetus in utero. Along with IgA secreted in the breast milk, residual IgG absorbed through the placenta provides
Immunoglobulin_G
the ground for 7 to 8 years, and it dissolves into a fluid that is as clean as ice. In south China, people blend human placenta with gāncǎo 甘草 "Glycyrrhiza
Traditional Chinese medicines derived from the human body
Traditional_Chinese_medicines_derived_from_the_human_body
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein from placenta and extraplacental tissues and their comparison with carcinoembryonic antigen". DNA. 7 (8): 545–55
Pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein 1
Pregnancy-specific_beta-1-glycoprotein_1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
progesterone. 17β-HSD2 is widely expressed throughout the body including in the placenta, liver, intestines, endometrium, kidney, pancreas, breast, prostate, bone
HSD17B2
Birth defect of the spinal cord
Evidence from the Collaborative Perinatal Project". Placenta. 114: 56–67. doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2021.08.052. PMID 34479062. Archived from the original
Spina_bifida
Marker in embryonic stem cells
expressing Rex1. Thus, the male germ cells undergoing meiosis are the specific cells in the testicles that express Rex1. It has not been observed, however
Rex1
Conclusion of the human pregnancy
descent and birth of the baby during the second, and the birth of the placenta during the third. During the first stage, contractions gradually become
Childbirth
One of two offspring produced by the same pregnancy
that two placentas automatically implies dizygotic twins, but if monozygotic twins separate early enough, the arrangement of sacs and placentas in utero
Twin
Young of domestic cattle
is caused by a fungus found in moldy hay or beet pulp. It can reach the placenta via the bloodstream, sometimes crossing it to directly affect the fetus
Calf_(animal)
Rushed birth of a baby
attached to the placenta by the umbilical cord. After the cord is cut, the placenta is usually still inside the mother. The placenta usually comes out
Emergency_childbirth
Subsystem of the immune system
directly across the placenta, so that, at birth, human babies have high levels of antibodies, with the same range of antigen specificities as their mother
Adaptive_immune_system
Stuffed phyllo pastry
plakountas (Byzantine Greek: εν τυρίτας πλακούντας) "cheesy placenta", itself a descendant of placenta, the classical baked layered dough dish of Ancient Greek
Börek
Bleeding in pregnancy that occurs before, during, or after childbirth
baby. The primary consideration is the presence of a placenta previa, which is a low-lying placenta at or very near to the internal cervical os. This condition
Obstetrical_bleeding
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
structure of alkaline phosphatase from human placenta at 1.8 A resolution. Implication for a substrate specificity". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (12): 9158–65. doi:10
Alkaline phosphatase, placental type
Alkaline_phosphatase,_placental_type
Procreative biological processes of humanity
its nutrition and oxygenated blood from the mother, filtered through the placenta, which is attached to the fetus' abdomen via an umbilical cord. This drain
Human_reproduction
Gestation type
oophagy), uterine secretions (histotrophy) or it may be delivered through a placenta. The first two of these modes were categorized under histotroph viviparity
Ovoviviparity
Protein found in humans
expressed in zygote secondary oocyte primary oocyte morula ganglionic eminence placenta visual cortex neural layer of retina right kidney pancreas More reference
Zinc_finger_protein_791
Mammalian protein found in humans
8 (mouse) Band 8|8 B3.3 Start 72,662,479 bp End 72,688,473 bp RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in testicle placenta endometrium
Zinc_finger_protein_878
Attachment of an embryo outside the uterus
placenta from the organs to which it is attached usually lead to uncontrollable bleeding from the attachment site. If the organ to which the placenta
Ectopic_pregnancy
Protein with antiangiogenic properties
monocytes, the placenta is theorized to be the major source of sFlt-1 during pregnancy. sFlt-1 mRNA shows strong expression in the placenta, and serum concentration
Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1
Soluble_fms-like_tyrosine_kinase-1
Tropane alkaloid and stimulant drug
which enables it to cross the placenta and fetal blood-brain barrier. Because cocaine is able to pass through the placenta and enter the fetus, the fetus'
Cocaine
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Ogawa H, Honda S, et al. (1999). "A GCM motif protein is involved in placenta-specific expression of human aromatase gene". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (45): 32279–86
GCM1
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
and cells, such as the small intestine, lungs, female genital tract or placenta. In humans is encoded by the IDO1 gene. IDO is involved in tryptophan metabolism
Indoleamine_2,3-dioxygenase
Homodimeric protein enzyme
pregnancy. This is a result of additional alkaline phosphatase produced by the placenta and the liver. Additionally, abnormal levels of alkaline phosphatase in
Alkaline_phosphatase
Class of enzymes
into 3α- and 3β-androstanediol. Expressed primarily in the ovaries and placenta but also at lower levels in the breast epithelium. Major isoform of 17β-HSD
17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
17β-Hydroxysteroid_dehydrogenase
Structure formed around day 5 of mammalian embryonic development
chorion and amnion, the two fetal membranes that surround the embryo. The placenta derives from the embryonic chorion (the portion of the chorion that develops
Blastocyst
Species of shark
vertebrate, the Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus)". Placenta. 97: 26–28. doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2020.05.014. PMID 32792058. S2CID 221121663. Hedeholm
Greenland_shark
Glycoprotein polypeptide hormones
by the anterior pituitary gland, while hCG and eCG are secreted by the placenta in pregnant women and mares, respectively. The gonadotropins act on the
Gonadotropin
Keratin protein in humans
for the periplakin tail in intermediate filament association: specific binding to keratin 8 and vimentin". Exp. Dermatol. 11 (5). Denmark: 428–38. doi:10
Keratin_8
Pre-eclampsia characterized by the presence of seizures
with the placenta. The placenta may bleed (hemorrhage) or begin to separate early from the wall of the uterus. It is normal for the placenta to separate
Eclampsia
Protein hormone
corpus luteum of the ovary, the breast and, during pregnancy, also by the placenta, chorion, and decidua. In the male, it is produced in the prostate and
Relaxin
Inherited retrovirus encoded in an organism's genome
develop in the fetal placenta. Regardless of their tangible similarities, enhancer and repressed regions were mostly species-specific. However, most promoter
Endogenous_retrovirus
Protein(s) forming a major part of an organism's immune system
respiratory). There are also important species-specific differences in the structure of the placenta, which complicates interpretations of how placental
Antibody
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
addition to its expression in pancreatic ßcells, MAFA is also expressed in specific subsets of excitatory and inhibitory neurons. In the peripheric nervous
Transcription_factor_MafA
Protein-coding gene in humans
chromosome-linked human homeobox gene expressed in the placenta and testis". Genomics. 74 (1): 105–8. doi:10.1006/geno.2001.6532. PMID 11374906. Loschiavo
ESX1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
villous cytotrophoblast and is lost in complete hydatidiform mole". Placenta. 24 (8–9): 835–42. doi:10.1016/S0143-4004(03)00130-9. PMID 13129680. Gerhard
PHLDA2
Hormone for the maternal recognition of pregnancy
growing embryo (syncytiotrophoblast initially), which eventually forms the placenta after implantation. The presence of hCG is detected in some pregnancy tests
Human_chorionic_gonadotropin
Maternal IgG antibodies
as ABO HDN) maternal IgG antibodies with specificity for the ABO blood group system pass through the placenta to the fetal circulation where they can cause
Hemolytic disease of the newborn (ABO)
Hemolytic_disease_of_the_newborn_(ABO)
Polypeptide placental hormone in humans
maternal serum levels rising in relation to the growth of the fetus and placenta. Maximum levels are reached near term, typically to 5–7 mg/L. Higher levels
Human_placental_lactogen
Protein-coding gene in humans
(1989). "Expression of CEA-related genes in the first trimester human placenta". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 162 (3): 1486–93. Bibcode:1989BBRC..162
PSG3
Animal unusually small for its species
circovirus infection, maternal malnutrition or a small or inconveniently placed placenta. In cattle and sheep, an additional reason may be hot weather during pregnancy
Runt
Cheesecake from classical antiquity
combination was typical among desserts, as also seen in the more complex placenta cake. Preparations varied—the version described by Ovid contained millet
Libum
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Rowley JD, Lim B (Nov 1994). "Cloning of the cDNA for a hematopoietic cell-specific protein related to CD20 and the beta subunit of the high-affinity IgE receptor:
MS4A3
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
032. PMID 16563348. Okazaki S, Sekizawa A, Purwosunu Y, et al. (2007). "Placenta-derived, cellular messenger RNA expression in the maternal blood of preeclamptic
PSG5
Feeding of infants/toddlers with breast milk
specific nursing behaviors are followed. During the third stage of labor, the time between the delivery of the baby and the passage of the placenta,
Breastfeeding
Culmination of a multiple pregnancy where two or more offspring are born
are also classified by how the fetuses are surrounded by one or more placentas (chorionicity) and amniotic sacs (amnionicity). In humans, the average
Multiple_birth
Transfer of antibodies between organisms
transferred to the fetus through the placenta, and it can also be induced artificially, when high levels of antibodies specific to a pathogen or toxin (obtained
Passive_immunity
Steroid hormone that activates the progesterone receptor
estrous cycle. The role of the placenta in progestogen production varies by species. In the sheep, horse, and human, the placenta takes over the majority of
Progestogen
Excessive vomitings during pregnancy
activity. However, hydrocortisone and prednisolone are inactivated in the placenta and may be used in the treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum after 12 weeks
Hyperemesis_gravidarum
Family of reptiles
extreme to date: a purely reptilian placenta directly comparable in structure and function, to a eutherian placenta. Clearly, such vivipary repeatedly
Skink
Lining of the mammalian uterus
and number. Vascular spaces fuse and become interconnected, forming the placenta, which supplies oxygen and nutrition to the embryo and fetus. The endometrium
Endometrium
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
"Purification and partial characterization of lysosomal neuraminidase from human placenta". Eur. J. Biochem. 162 (1): 63–7. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1987.tb10542
Sialidase-1
Class of animals
some species can nourish the eggs as fetuses through various forms of placenta analogs, with some providing initial parental care for their hatchlings
Reptile
Medical condition
increased risk of FGR, but studies have suggested that it could be related to placenta dysfunction. Furthermore, younger age can also be a risk factor in pregnancies
High-risk_pregnancy
Set of disorders affecting development of nervous system
the birth process itself. A growing number of studies are linking the placenta to fetal brain development. Neurodevelopmental disorders are diagnosed
Neurodevelopmental_disorder
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Pathology & Oncology Research. 18 (4): 1039–1045. doi:10.1007/s12253-012-9542-8. PMID 22777918. S2CID 10156272. Chan DW, Mak CS, Leung TH, Chan KK, Ngan HY
SOX7
Testing before a blood transfusion
anti-D (Rh) antibodies from exposure to O+ blood. Anti-D (Rh) can cross the placenta during pregnancy and attack an unborn child's RBCs if they are D (Rh) positive
Cross-matching
Development and formation of the human embryo
pre-embryo, the amnion, yolk sac and allantois, while the fetal part of the placenta will form from the outer trophoblast layer. The embryo plus its membranes
Human_embryonic_development
Breed of horse
Groen (April 2004). "Effect of inbreeding on the incidence of retained placenta in Friesian horses", Journal of Animal Science, volume 82, number 4, pages
Friesian_Sporthorse
Anatomical structure resembling a penis
reproductive costs. Nearly all of her first-born cubs are stillborn, as the placenta is not long enough for the extended penile birth canal. In addition, the
Pseudo-penis
Researchers with Lieber published a paper in Nature Medicine that examined the placenta and found that genes and pregnancy problems combine to increase the likelihood
Lieber Institute for Brain Development
Lieber_Institute_for_Brain_Development
Alien franchise extraterrestrial species
host's body in order to develop a placenta as it grows, attaching itself to several major organs in the process. The placenta has cancerous qualities, such
Xenomorph
Occurrence of hand dominance among twins
split of the embryo occurs between 3 and 12 days after fertilization, a placenta will be shared between the offspring resulting in monozygotic monochorionic
Twins_and_handedness
Protein found in humans
"Cloning of a cDNA encoding the human cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate-specific receptor". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84 (16): 5575–9. Bibcode:1987PNAS
Cation-dependent mannose-6-phosphate receptor
Cation-dependent_mannose-6-phosphate_receptor
Viral elements in human DNA
human endogenous retroviruses in the placenta: An update". Placenta. 25 Suppl A: S16-25. doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2004.01.012. PMID 15033302. Cheynet, V;
Human_endogenous_retrovirus-W
Enzyme in mammals and humans
Noorlander CW, Mulder EJ, Schrama LH, Visser GH (2002). "Expression in the placenta of neuronal markers for perinatal brain damage". Pediatr. Res. 51 (4):
Enolase_2
applied for the disposal of the placenta. Some believe that if the placenta touches the soil, or if an animal eats the placenta, the child will fall ill. So
Childbirth_in_Nepal
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
(January 2001). "Lysyl oxidases: expression in the fetal membranes and placenta". Placenta. 22 (1): 49–57. doi:10.1053/plac.2000.0580. PMID 11162352. Akiri
LOXL2
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein from placenta and extraplacental tissues and their comparison with carcinoembryonic antigen". DNA. 7 (8): 545–55
PSG4
Lack of or compromised immune system
of IgG via the placenta during the third trimester. Other types of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, IgE, and IgD) do not cross the placenta. It is believed
Immunodeficiency
Genus of viruses
Hantaviruses can also spread through the fecal-oral route and across the placenta during pregnancy from mother to child. They can survive for 10 days at
Hantavirus
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PLACENTA SPECIFIC-8
PLACENTA SPECIFIC-8
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