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Party which initiates a court case
A plaintiff (Π in legal shorthand) is the party who initiates a lawsuit (also known as an action) before a court. By doing so, the plaintiff seeks a legal
Plaintiff
Type of lawsuit
to bring claims on behalf of consumers. In a typical class action, a plaintiff sues a defendant or a number of defendants on behalf of a group, or class
Class_action
Soft redirect to Wiktionary
on "plaintiff in error", but its sister project Wiktionary does: Read the Wiktionary entry "plaintiff in error" You can also: Search for Plaintiff in error
Plaintiff_in_error
Civil action brought in a court of law
A lawsuit is a proceeding by one or more parties (the plaintiff or claimant) against one or more parties (the defendant) in a civil court of law. The
Lawsuit
American activist (1918–1961)
an American welder and Episcopalian pastor. He was known for being the plaintiff in the landmark 1954 United States Supreme Court case Oliver Brown, et
Oliver Brown (American activist)
Oliver_Brown_(American_activist)
Common placeholder name in English
Negidius and Aulus Agerius were used for hypothetical defendants and plaintiffs. The names "John Doe" (or "John Doo") and "Richard Roe" (along with "John
John_Doe
Japanese activist
Japanese human rights activist. Born with cerebral palsy, she was one of the plaintiffs in a lawsuit over Japan’s former Eugenic Protection Law, which authorised
Yumi_Suzuki_(plaintiff)
Legal defense
amount of damages that a plaintiff can recover in a negligence-based claim, based upon the degree to which the plaintiff's own negligence contributed
Comparative_negligence
Legal principle
The eggshell skull rule (also thin skull rule, papier-mâché-plaintiff rule, or talem qualem rule) is a well-established legal doctrine in common law,
Eggshell_skull
Failure to exercise reasonable care
loss. To successfully pursue a claim of negligence through a lawsuit, a plaintiff must establish the "elements" of negligence. In most jurisdictions there
Negligence
Legal case in the High Court of Australia
Plaintiff M61/2010E v Commonwealth of Australia; Plaintiff M69 of 2010 v Commonwealth of Australia is a decision of the High Court of Australia in its
Plaintiff M61/2010E v Commonwealth
Plaintiff_M61/2010E_v_Commonwealth
Defense that victim contributed to their own fault
based on negligence. If it is available, the defense completely bars plaintiffs from any recovery if they contribute to their own injury through their
Contributory_negligence
Procedural device before trial
Rules of Civil Procedure, the defendant seeks to become a third-party plaintiff by filing a third party complaint against a third party not presently
Impleader
Legal doctrine
Alternative liability is a legal doctrine that allows a plaintiff to shift the burden of proving causation of their injury to multiple defendants, even
Alternative_liability
a donkey, belonging to the plaintiff, was killed after a wagon, driven by the defendant, collided with it. The plaintiff had left the donkey on the side
Davies_v_Mann
from a third party for any money damages awarded to the plaintiff. For example, if a plaintiff sues a homeowner for damages caused by a garage door, the
Contribution_claim_(legal)
Claim asserted by one party in response to the claim of another
other words, if a plaintiff initiates a lawsuit and a defendant responds to the lawsuit with claims of their own against the plaintiff, the defendant's
Counterclaim
Brought directly against an insurance company for insured
lawsuit that is not direct-action, a plaintiff brings the claim against the insured, who actually wronged the plaintiff. Once judgment has been rendered against
Direct-action_lawsuit
Judgement of the High Court of Australia
Plaintiff M70 is a 2011 decision of the High Court of Australia. The lawsuit concerned an injunction sought by multiple Afghan asylum seekers against
Plaintiff M70 v Minister for Immigration
Plaintiff_M70_v_Minister_for_Immigration
American civil rights activist (c. 1840 – 1883)
(c. 1840 – 1883) was an employee of the United States Senate and the plaintiff in Railroad Company v. Brown (1873), a case decided by the United States
Kate_Brown_(plaintiff)
American charitable organization
editors and staff. They were joined in the suit by eight additional plaintiffs, including Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch. On October 23
Wikimedia_Foundation
Moral or legal rights of the human fetus
Fetal rights or foetal rights (alternatively prenatal rights) are the moral rights or legal rights of the human embryo or fetus under natural and civil
Fetal_rights
Legal action; demand by the plaintiff that the defendant return their property
by which the plaintiff demands that the defendant return a thing that belongs to the plaintiff. It may be used only when the plaintiff owns the thing
Rei_vindicatio
affairs of Elon Musk encompass the legal cases involving Elon Musk as the plaintiff, defendant, or concerning his companies. In 2018, Musk was sued by the
Legal_affairs_of_Elon_Musk
"Roe v. Wade" plaintiff (1947–2017)
1947 – February 18, 2017), also known by the pseudonym Jane Roe, was the plaintiff in the landmark 1973 American legal case Roe v. Wade in which the U.S
Norma_McCorvey
Bellwether legal case
K.G.M. v. Meta et al. was a bellwether legal case in which the plaintiff, known by the initials of their name, sued social media companies, such as Meta
K.G.M._v._Meta_et_al.
Event deemed by law to be the effective cause of an injury
specific manufacturer of the product or products that brought about the Plaintiff's injury or illness and there are enough manufacturers of the fungible
Proximate_cause
Defence in the law of torts which reduces a plaintiff's rights to recovery for negligence
bars or reduces a plaintiff's right to recovery against a negligent tortfeasor if the defendant can demonstrate that the plaintiff voluntarily and knowingly
Assumption_of_risk
Legal term for collecting a debt
collecting a monetary judgment on behalf of a plaintiff from a defendant. Garnishment allows the plaintiff (the "garnishor") to take the money or property
Garnishment
2003 Australian High Court case
Plaintiff S157/2002 v Commonwealth, also known as 'S157', is a decision of the High Court of Australia. It is an important case in Australian Administrative
Plaintiff S157/2002 v Commonwealth
Plaintiff_S157/2002_v_Commonwealth
Legal doctrine about product manufacturers and injuries
allows a plaintiff to establish a prima facie case against a group of product manufacturers for an injury caused by a product, even when the plaintiff does
Market_share_liability
Legal doctrine
negligence in lieu of comparative negligence. Under this doctrine, a negligent plaintiff can nonetheless recover if he is able to show that the defendant had the
Last_clear_chance
case. For example, the plaintiff may claim that the defendant's actions violated three distinct laws. Having found for the plaintiff for a violation of the
Judicial_economy
1976 California Supreme Court case on separation of couples
court awarded the plaintiff compensation and found that the defendant violated a verbal contract. This case arose when the plaintiff Michelle Marvin and
Marvin_v._Marvin
Legal term - Latin for "the thing speaks for itself"
contribution on the part of the plaintiff. The defendant's non-negligent explanation does not completely explain plaintiff's injury. The first element may
Res_ipsa_loquitur
"Satan has on numerous occasions caused plaintiff misery and unwarranted threats, against the will of plaintiff, that Satan has placed deliberate obstacles
Lawsuits against supernatural beings
Lawsuits_against_supernatural_beings
Procedural device in United States law
remedy. As an example, a claim that the defendant failed to greet the plaintiff while passing the latter on the street, insofar as no legal duty to do
Motion_(legal)
Delay of the running of the period of time set forth by a statute of limitations
include: The plaintiff was a minor at the time a cause of action accrued. The plaintiff has been deemed mentally incompetent. The plaintiff has been convicted
Tolling_(law)
stating he owed nothing to the plaintiff. The plaintiff appealed and the Appellate Court of Connecticut held for the plaintiff, remanding the case for a new
Haslem_v._Lockwood
of attachment provides a source of financial recovery for a plaintiff. Usually, a plaintiff seeking a prejudgment writ of attachment must post a surety
Writ_of_attachment
Legal procedure
(British English) or nonsuit (American English) is a legal procedure. A plaintiff (or other person bringing a civil action, such as a petitioner) drops
Non-suit
2023 United States district court decision
injury case against the airline Avianca and issued a $5,000 fine to the plaintiffs' lawyers who had submitted fake precedents generated by ChatGPT in their
Mata_v._Avianca,_Inc.
Legal concept
where essentially the closeness of the plaintiff to the subject matter is the test. Furthermore, a plaintiff must show that he or she has been specially
Standing_(law)
1928 American tort law case
in American tort law on the question of liability to an unforeseeable plaintiff. The case was heard by the New York Court of Appeals, the highest state
Palsgraf v. Long Island Railroad Co.
Palsgraf_v._Long_Island_Railroad_Co.
Choice of lawsuit location based on plaintiff-friendly environment
jurisdictions have, for example, become known as "plaintiff-friendly" and thus have attracted plaintiffs to file new cases there, even if there is little
Forum_shopping
Subpoena to seek the identity of an unknown defendant
plaintiff who does not yet know a defendant's identity to file suit against a placeholder defendant, using the name John Doe or Jane Doe. A plaintiff
Doe_subpoena
A fictitious defendant is a person that cannot be identified by the plaintiff before a lawsuit is commenced. Commonly this person is identified as "John
Fictitious_defendants
Case in the development of free software
2006) is available from: CourtListener Findlaw Google Scholar Leagle Plaintiff Daniel Wallace's Memorandum on Motion for Summary Judgment (Groklaw)
Wallace v. International Business Machines Corp.
Wallace_v._International_Business_Machines_Corp.
Doctrine of tort law
money awarded to the plaintiff. The plaintiff may only recover the percentage of the damages he is not at fault for. If a plaintiff is found to be 25% at
Comparative_responsibility
Termination of a lawsuit at the plaintiff's request
voluntary request of the plaintiff (the party who originally filed the lawsuit). A voluntary dismissal with prejudice (meaning the plaintiff is permanently barred
Voluntary_dismissal
Part of a legal complaint
a complaint in which the plaintiff describes the remedies that the plaintiff seeks from the court. For example, the plaintiff may ask for an award of compensatory
Prayer_for_relief
American lawyer
(December 29, 1953 – September 30, 1987) was an American attorney who was the plaintiff in one of the first HIV/AIDS discrimination cases to go to public hearing
Geoffrey_Bowers
Legal concept of intentional interference
battery"; battery, "any intentional and unpermitted contact with the plaintiff's person or anything attached to it and practically identified with it";
Trespass
Leading British House of Lords case in the tort of negligence
not negligent if the damage to the plaintiff was not a reasonably foreseeable consequence of his conduct. The plaintiff was hit by a cricket ball which had
Bolton_v_Stone
Legal document, the filing of which initiates a lawsuit
reasons (see: cause of action) that the filing party or parties (the plaintiff(s)) believes are sufficient to support a claim against the party or parties
Complaint
American Supreme Court case plaintiff
Carrie Elizabeth Buck (July 2, 1906 – January 28, 1983) was the plaintiff in the United States Supreme Court case Buck v. Bell, after having been ordered
Carrie_Buck
American actor (born 1976)
infliction of emotional distress. The campaigns against each plaintiff allegedly differed. One plaintiff, who claimed her dog died from unexplained traumatic
Danny_Masterson
U.S. federal statute also known as PSLRA
appointment of a plaintiff or group of plaintiffs to serve as the lead plaintiff. More than one plaintiff typically seeks to serve as the lead plaintiff. The court
Private Securities Litigation Reform Act
Private_Securities_Litigation_Reform_Act
allows the plaintiff to collect enhanced "statutory damages", and makes the plaintiff eligible for an award of attorney fees. A plaintiff establishes
Copyright law of the United States
Copyright_law_of_the_United_States
rather than to punish the wrongdoer. If no loss has been occasioned by the plaintiff, only nominal damages will be awarded. A victim will not necessarily recover
Measure of damages under English law
Measure_of_damages_under_English_law
Legal strategy
The Reptile Theory strategy is a legal strategy used by plaintiffs' lawyers in the United States of America which centralizes safety issues in order to
Reptile_Theory_Strategy
Plaintiff in landmark US Supreme Court case
States President John Adams the day before he left office. He was then the plaintiff in the landmark 1803 Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison. Marbury, son
William_Marbury
English land inheritance legal action
ancestor") was an action brought where a plaintiff claimed the defendant had entered upon a freehold belonging to the plaintiff following the death of one of his
Assize_of_mort_d'ancestor
Rules that govern civil procedure in United States district courts
traditional, and particular in its phrases and requirements. For example, a plaintiff bringing a trespass suit would have to mention certain key words in his
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure
Federal_Rules_of_Civil_Procedure
Court judgment without a full trial
v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 596–98 (1986) (holding antitrust plaintiff with an inherently implausible claim was subject to dismissal at summary
Summary_judgment
2014 United States Supreme Court case
arise out of contacts that the defendant created with the forum; the plaintiff cannot be the only link between the defendant and the forum. Anthony Walden
Walden_v._Fiore
American civil rights activist (born 1966)
born July 7, 1966) is an American civil rights activist who was the lead plaintiff in the 2015 United States Supreme Court case Obergefell v. Hodges, which
Jim_Obergefell
Legal term for an injury to a person
to a type of tort lawsuit in which the person bringing the suit (the plaintiff in American jurisdictions or claimant in English law) has suffered harm
Personal_injury
Litigation to intimidate critics
or opposition. In a typical SLAPP, the plaintiff does not normally expect to win the lawsuit. The plaintiff's goals are accomplished if the defendant
Strategic lawsuit against public participation
Strategic_lawsuit_against_public_participation
Type of legal obligation
important to understand that the duty can be still found in situations where plaintiffs and defendants may be separated by vast distances of space and time. For
Duty_of_care
Masdar Hossain is a former district judge known for being the plaintiff in the landmark legal case Secretary, Ministry of Finance v. Masdar Hossain. He
Masdar_Hossain
Legal claim of civil wrong
commonly called the injured party or plaintiff, can recover their losses as damages in a lawsuit. To prevail, the plaintiff in the lawsuit must generally show
Tort
American organization of civil plaintiff trial lawyers
The Inner Circle of Advocates is an organization of civil plaintiff trial lawyers in the United States. The group was conceived and founded by Richard
Inner_Circle_of_Advocates
British politician
listed as a 'Global Leader in Competition Plaintiff' in Who's Who Legal 2023 and in Lawdragon's 500 Global Plaintiff Lawyers 2024. Rigby was a board member
Lucy_Rigby
2010 United States Supreme Court case
court held that the time for a plaintiff to file a federal securities fraud lawsuit begins to run when the plaintiff discovers or reasonably should have
Merck_&_Co._v._Reynolds
American actress and model (born 1998)
made headlines in 2016 when she became the youngest name listed as a plaintiff on a lawsuit filed by the ACLU and Lambda Legal, Carcaño v. McCrory, against
Hunter_Schafer
2025 United States Supreme Court case
formal plaintiff with "complete relief". Writing for the majority, Justice Amy Coney Barrett emphasized that "complete relief" for a plaintiff was distinct
Trump_v._CASA,_Inc.
US civil court procedural device
Interpleader is a civil procedure device that allows a plaintiff or a defendant to initiate a lawsuit in order to compel two or more other parties to
Interpleader
2023 decision of the High Court of Australia
the legislative power of the Commonwealth insofar as it applied to the plaintiff. This was because under Australia's constitutional system, penal or punitive
NZYQ v Minister for Immigration
NZYQ_v_Minister_for_Immigration
Legal judgment
action by the other party. Most often, it is a judgment in favor of a plaintiff when the defendant has not responded to a summons or has failed to appear
Default_judgment
Latin for "in equal fault"
exceptions, including that the plaintiff must be an active, voluntary participant in the wrongful conduct, the plaintiff's wrongdoing must be at least substantially
In_pari_delicto
U.S. legal case on copyright originality
Kaplan, to be "bombarded with additional submissions" from the plaintiff. The plaintiff moved, on November 23, for reconsideration and re-argument, on
Bridgeman Art Library v. Corel Corp.
Bridgeman_Art_Library_v._Corel_Corp.
2015 U.S. Supreme Court case on same-sex marriage
District of Columbia, and Guam. Between January 2012 and February 2014, plaintiffs in Michigan, Ohio, Kentucky, and Tennessee filed federal district court
Obergefell_v._Hodges
American business manager
18, 1943 – June 23, 2018) was an American business manager who was the plaintiff in the landmark American employment discrimination case Price Waterhouse
Ann_Hopkins
Enslaved man
Somerset (c. 1741 – after 1772) was an African man living in Britain and the plaintiff in a pivotal court case that confirmed that slavery was illegal in England
James_Somerset
Unreasonable delay by a plaintiff in bringing their claim
available, etc.), such that it is no longer a just resolution to grant the plaintiff's claim. Laches is associated with the maxim of equity: "Equity aids the
Laches_(equity)
English legal case
itself”). A barrel of flour fell from a second-story loft and hit the plaintiff on his shoulder. Though there were two witnesses who saw the injury, there
Byrne_v_Boadle
Communication causing harm to reputation
with his secretary"). If the plaintiff proves that such a statement was made and was false, to recover damages the plaintiff need only prove that someone
Defamation
2004 United States Supreme Court case
Title VII violation under a constructive discharge theory. However, the plaintiff who quit based on harassment must prove that they quit because conditions
Pennsylvania State Police v. Suders
Pennsylvania_State_Police_v._Suders
Plaintiff in class action lawsuit
an American author, outdoor guide, and former phychiatric patient and plaintiff in a 1990s class action lawsuit against National Medical Enterprises,
Banning_Lyon
can offer a high settlement or low settlement (messages) to the plaintiff. The plaintiff (receiver of messages) can either accept or reject the settlement
Divine_equilibrium
Obligation on a party to prove their case
suits, for example, the plaintiff bears the burden of proof that the defendant's action or inaction caused injury to the plaintiff, and the defendant bears
Burden_of_proof_(law)
Resolution between disputing parties about a legal case
parties sue (or contemplate so doing) each other in civil proceedings. The plaintiffs and defendants identified in the lawsuit can end the dispute between themselves
Settlement_(litigation)
Civil legal system involving relationships between individuals
by which the plaintiff demands that the defendant return a thing that belongs to the plaintiff. It may be used only when the plaintiff owns the thing
Private_law
2011 play by Dustin Lance Black
transcripts from the trial, journalist records, and media interviews from the plaintiffs, defendants and proponents involved. 8 first premiered on September 19
8_(play)
Blackfoot tribal elder, activist, banker, and rancher
Confederacy), was a tribal elder and activist, banker, rancher, and lead plaintiff in the groundbreaking class-action suit Cobell v. Salazar (2009). This
Elouise_P._Cobell
Californian labor law case
Southern District of California which is believed to be the largest single-plaintiff employment verdict in United States history at $185,872,719.52. This case
Juarez v. AutoZone Stores, Inc.
Juarez_v._AutoZone_Stores,_Inc.
Doctrine used in American case law
law evidentiary rule that prohibits the admission of evidence that the plaintiff or victim has received compensation from some source other than the damages
Collateral_source_rule
American legal case concerning the DMCA
"without the authority of the copyright owner," the DMCA requires the plaintiff alleging circumvention to show that the defendant's access was unauthorized
Chamberlain Group, Inc. v. Skylink Technologies, Inc.
Chamberlain_Group,_Inc._v._Skylink_Technologies,_Inc.
Category of defense strategies that allege mitigating circumstances to achieve acquittal
criminal charge is a fact or set of facts other than those alleged by the plaintiff or prosecutor which, if proven by the defendant, defeats or mitigates
Affirmative_defense
travel, tourism, insurance
PLAINTIFF
PLAINTIFF
Surname or Lastname
Turkish
Turkish : occupational name from asker ‘soldier’, from Arabic ‛askarī. This name is also found in Iran and the Indian subcontinent.Arabic : variant of Asghar.Greek : shortened form of Askeris, from Turkish asker ‘soldier’, or from Askeridis or Askeropoulos, patronymics from this word. Compare Laskaris.Norwegian and Swedish : habitational name from any of several farmsteads named Asker, in particular those near Oslo, from an inflected form of ask ‘ash tree’.English (Norfolk) : topographic name for someone who lived by an ash tree, Middle English ask (from Old Norse asker) + the habitational suffix -er.English : from Middle English asker(e) ‘collector of tolls or revenues’ or (in a legal context) ‘plaintiff’ or ‘prosecutor’ (an agent derivative of Middle English aske(n) ‘to ask’, ‘to demand’).
PLAINTIFF
PLAINTIFF
PLAINTIFF
PLAINTIFF
PLAINTIFF
PLAINTIFF
PLAINTIFF
travel, tourism, insurance