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Part of planet seen to reflect sunlight
A planetary phase is a certain portion of a planet's area that reflects sunlight as viewed from a given vantage point, as well as the period of time during
Planetary_phase
Type of emission nebula created by dying red giants
A planetary nebula is a type of emission nebula consisting of an expanding, glowing shell of ionized gas ejected from red giant stars late in their lives
Planetary_nebula
Speculative concept, global human unification
The planetary phase of civilization is a term created by the Global Scenario Group (GSG) to describe the contemporary era in which increasing global interdependence
Planetary phase of civilization
Planetary_phase_of_civilization
Phases of Earth as seen from the Moon
Moon sees Earth phases, just as an observer on the Earth sees lunar phases. (Both see planetary phases.) Earth phases and Lunar phases are opposite: when
Earth_phase
Apparent alignment of planets in the night sky
planetary alignment is the first phase of this astronomical event in 2025, which began on 21 January and ended on 21 February 2025. During this phase
Planetary_parade
Shape of the Moon's sunlit portion as viewed from Earth
A lunar phase or Moon phase is the apparent shape of the Moon's day and night phases of the lunar day as viewed from afar. Because the Moon is tidally
Lunar_phase
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up Phase, phase, or phases in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Phase or phases may refer to: State of matter, or phase, one of the distinct forms
Phase
Sub-Neptune orbiting the red dwarf K2-18
life around red dwarf stars List of potentially habitable exoplanets Planetary habitability – Known extent to which a planet is suitable for life List
K2-18b
Innermost layer(s) of a planet
A planetary core consists of the innermost layers of a planet. Cores may be entirely liquid, or a mixture of solid and liquid layers as is the case in
Planetary_core
Phase in planet formation with many collisions between large bodies
The giant impacts phase of planetary formation refers to the final stage of planetary formation, dominated by energetic collisions primarily driven by
Giant impacts phase of planetary formation
Giant_impacts_phase_of_planetary_formation
Graphical symbols used in astrology and astronomy
Planetary symbols are used in astrology and traditionally in astronomy to represent a classical planet (which includes the Sun and the Moon) or one of
Planetary_symbols
Angle between the light incident on, and reflected from, an astronomical object
the notion of phase angle became independent of Sun and Earth. The etymology of the term is related to the notion of planetary phases, since the brightness
Phase_angle_(astronomy)
Variations of lighting of the planet's surface
a certain angle and thus phase, an effect similar to a glory on Earth. The first observations of the full planetary phases of Venus were by Galileo at
Phases_of_Venus
Idea that all human beings are members of a single community
conditions arising in today's unique historical moment, an emerging planetary phase of civilization, creates a latent potential for the emergence of a
Cosmopolitanism
Three-shaft planetary gearset
An epicyclic gear train (also known as a planetary gearset) is a gear reduction assembly consisting of two gears mounted so that the center of one gear
Epicyclic_gearing
International policy development body
and analyze scenarios for the future of the earth as it entered a planetary phase of civilization. Globalization Post-capitalism Transition scenario
Global_Scenario_Group
States of matter for water as a solid
Mandy; Pickard, Chris J.; Hamel, Sebastien (2021). "Phase behaviours of superionic water at planetary conditions". Nature Physics. 17 (11): 1228–1232. arXiv:2103
Phases_of_ice
Nebula surrounding a dying star
between the late asymptotic giant branch (LAGB)[a] phase and the subsequent planetary nebula (PN) phase. A PPN emits strongly in infrared radiation, and
Protoplanetary_nebula
Known extent to which a planet is suitable for life
Planetary habitability is a measure used in astrobiology to characterize a planet's or a natural satellite's potential to develop and sustain an environment
Planetary_habitability
Body of interstellar clouds
densest phase of interstellar gas, which can form by the cooling and condensation of more diffuse gas. Examples of the latter case are planetary nebulae
Nebula
contiguously between phases, including gas, liquid, and solid. As such, they are generally regarded as lacking surfaces. Planetary surfaces and surface
Planetary_surface
Astrogeological concept
element that is likely to form a very dense molten metal phase, tends to congregate towards planetary interiors. With it, many siderophile elements (i.e. materials
Planetary_differentiation
Inertial wave in rotating fluids
Rossby waves, also known as planetary waves, are a type of inertial wave naturally occurring in rotating fluids. They were first identified by Sweden-born
Rossby_wave
Layer of gases surrounding an astronomical body held by gravity
primarily of refractory materials with few volatiles. Further from the star, planetary embryos are created from accumulation of volatiles up to around ten times
Atmosphere
Laws describing planetary orbits
In astronomy, Kepler's laws of planetary motion give good approximations for the orbits of planets around the Sun. They were published by Johannes Kepler
Kepler's laws of planetary motion
Kepler's_laws_of_planetary_motion
Prevention of interplanetary biological contamination
Planetary protection is a guiding principle in the design of an interplanetary mission, aiming to prevent biological contamination of both the target
Planetary_protection
ESA/JAXA mission to study Mercury in orbit (2018–present)
Mercury Planetary Orbiter (MPO) built by ESA. Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter (MMO) or Mio built by JAXA. During the launch and cruise phases, these three
BepiColombo
Small planetary-mass object
likeliest dwarf planets and dates of discovery A dwarf planet is a small planetary-mass object that is in direct orbit around the Sun, massive enough to
Dwarf_planet
Overview of and topical guide to futures studies
law Morphological analysis Neo-futurism Omega Point Optimism bias Planetary phase of civilization Planning Potential cultural impact of extraterrestrial
Outline_of_futures_studies
Table of positions of astronomical objects at given times
retrograde motion/planetary stations, planetary ingresses, sidereal time, positions for the mean and true nodes of the moon, the phases of the Moon, and
Ephemeris
Phase of hydrogen
Metallic hydrogen is a phase of hydrogen in which it behaves like an electrical conductor. This phase was predicted in 1935 on theoretical grounds by Eugene
Metallic_hydrogen
Changes to stars over their lifespans
collapses into a dense white dwarf and the outer layers are expelled as a planetary nebula. Stars with around ten or more times the mass of the Sun can explode
Stellar_evolution
Binary system consisting of a white dwarf and a main sequence star or a brown dwarf
common-envelope phase, so the secondary is supposed to have a mass higher than 20 MJ. The material ejected from the common envelope forms a planetary nebula.
Post-common-envelope_binary
Movement of water in the deep Earth
(June 2004). "Serpentine and the subduction zone water cycle". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 223 (1–2): 17–34. Bibcode:2004E&PSL.223...17R. doi:10
Deep_water_cycle
Temperature of a planet when approximated as radiating as a black body
The planetary equilibrium temperature is a theoretical temperature that a planet would be if it were in radiative equilibrium, typically under the assumption
Planetary equilibrium temperature
Planetary_equilibrium_temperature
Planetary system consisting of the Sun and objects orbiting it
planets, of which Earth is one. The Solar System is an isolated single-star planetary system (not part of a larger star system) within the Milky Way Galaxy
Solar_System
essay is that humanity is in the midst of a profound transition: the Planetary Phase of Civilization. According to this perspective, some form of global
Paul_Raskin
Planetary closed ecological system
geosphere as well as the magnetosphere. The total mass of water, regardless of phase (e.g. liquid, solid, gas), that exists within an ecosphere. It's possible
Ecosphere_(planetary)
European space telescope to detect exoplanets
PLAnetary Transits and Oscillations of stars (Plato) is a space telescope under development by the European Space Agency for launch in January 2027. It
PLATO_(spacecraft)
Fraction of incident light reflected by an astronomical body
"The Diverse Shapes of Dwarf Planet and Large KBO Phase Curves Observed from New Horizons". The Planetary Science Journal. 3 (4): 31. Bibcode:2022PSJ...
Bond_albedo
Rogue planet or sub-brown dwarf
Cha 1107−7626 (Cha J11070768−7626326) is a free-floating planetary-mass object in the Chamaeleon I star-forming region, about 190 parsecs (620 ly) distant
Cha_1107−7626
Hypothetical Fifth Giant Planet
Solar System due to gravitational interactions during the chaotic phase of planetary migration, approximately 4 billion years ago. The Nice model, developed
Fifth_Giant
Structures of the Earth's mantle
Romanowicz, B. (2012). "Cluster analysis of global lower mantle". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 357–358: 68–77. Bibcode:2012E&PSL.357...68L. doi:10.1016/j
Large low-shear-velocity provinces
Large_low-shear-velocity_provinces
Great Comet of 1769
evidence that the comet C/1769 P1 exhibited a cometary phase similar to a lunar phase or planetary phase. Hind wrote concerning the 1769 comet: ... an observer
C/1769_P1_(Messier)
Melting points of chemical mixtures
for anhydrous garnet-lherzolite to 15 GPa". Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors. 32 (2). Elsevier BV: 193–202. Bibcode:1983PEPI...32..193H.
Liquidus_and_solidus
Model composition of the Earth's mantle
bulk composition and temperature on mantle seismic structure". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 275 (1–2): 70–79. Bibcode:2008E&PSL.275...70X. doi:10
Pyrolite
NASA program
explore under the ice of Europa. Phase I projects selected were: Agogino, Adrian: Super Ball Bot - Structures for Planetary Landing and Exploration Arrieta
NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts
NASA_Institute_for_Advanced_Concepts
twice with an intermittent phase between the principal RGB and AGB phases, before casting off its outer layers as a planetary nebula and leaving behind
Formation and evolution of the Solar System
Formation_and_evolution_of_the_Solar_System
Study of extraterrestrial oceans
Planetary oceanography, also called astro-oceanography or exo-oceanography, is the study of oceans on planets and moons other than Earth. This field developed
Planetary_oceanography
Long-term future of planet Earth
self-destructive Moving Earth – Planetary engineering scenario Planetary engineering – Influencing a planet's global environments Planetary habitability – Known
Future_of_Earth
Scientific field of study
with the heliocentric Copernican model, the laws governing the motion of planetary bodies (determined by Johannes Kepler between 1609 and 1619), Galileo's
Physics
Planetary nebula in the constellation Draco
6) is a planetary nebula in the northern constellation of Draco, discovered by William Herschel on February 15, 1786. It was the first planetary nebula
Cat's_Eye_Nebula
NASA space mission to Jupiter and Europa
fund preliminary instrument development, as suggested in 2011 by the Planetary Science Decadal Survey. In May 2014, a House bill substantially increased
Europa_Clipper
Chinese five elements
spread throughout East Asia, there was a reflection of the seven-day planetary order of Fire, Water, Wood, Metal, and Earth. When in their "heavenly
Wuxing_(Chinese_philosophy)
Nearest star to the Solar System
stellar encounters. Such a scenario may mean that Proxima Centauri's planetary companions have had a much lower chance for orbital disruption by Alpha
Proxima_Centauri
Radar system used for investigating objects in the Solar System
power prototype has imaged the moon. China is developing a planetary radar. Their initial phase has imaged the moon. Latifiyan, Pouya (April 2021). "Space
Goldstone_Solar_System_Radar
Hypothetical planetary engineering process
strong phases best matched by hydrated salts and clathrates". It is unclear what the result of heating this up would be. Many proposals for planetary engineering
Terraforming
Astronomical theory about the Solar System
explain the formation and evolution of the Solar System (as well as other planetary systems). It suggests the Solar System was formed from gas and dust orbiting
Nebular_hypothesis
Giant planet mostly made of light elements
because planetary scientists typically use "rock", "gas", and "ice" as shorthands for classes of elements and compounds commonly found as planetary constituents
Gas_giant
interplanetary space probe lists the significant events of the launch, transition phases as well as subsequent significant operational mission events; by date and
Timeline_of_New_Horizons
Second planet from the Sun
thought to have formed in 5 stages: dust settling, planetesimal formation, planetary embryos, giant impacts, and finally formation of atmospheres. Limited
Venus
High-pressure phase of magnesium silicate
Ringwoodite is a high-pressure phase of Mg2SiO4 (magnesium silicate) formed at high temperatures and pressures of the Earth's mantle between 525 and 660 km
Ringwoodite
Fifth planet from the Sun
larger than the planet Mercury. Jupiter is surrounded by a faint system of planetary rings. The rings of Jupiter consist mainly of dust and have three main
Jupiter
Tabletop science fiction role-playing game
system exists in the Inner System (Mars, the Moon, and Mercury), under the Planetary Consortium, a corporate body which allows the election of representatives
Eclipse_Phase
Astronomical phenomenon
may occur in disks that possess entropy gradients. During the late phase of planetary system formation, massive protoplanets and planetesimals gravitationally
Planetary_migration
Outermost solid shell of astronomical bodies
defined based on its phase (solid crust vs. liquid mantle). The crusts of Earth, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Io, the Moon and other planetary bodies formed via
Crust_(geology)
Natural satellite orbiting Earth
its orbital period (lunar month). In geophysical terms, the Moon is a planetary-mass object or satellite planet. Its mass is 1.2% that of the Earth, and
Moon
Biogeochemical cycle for movement of water on Earth
in the form of heat transfers between different phases. The energy released or absorbed during a phase change can result in temperature changes. Heat is
Water_cycle
NASA space probe launched in 1977
exhibit nearly the same temperatures at the cloud tops. The Voyager 2 Planetary Radio Astronomy (PRA) experiment observed 140 lightning flashes, or Uranian
Voyager_2
Binary star system in the constellation Cetus
next few million years, Mira will discard its outer layers and become a planetary nebula, leaving behind a white dwarf. This binary star system consists
Mira
Protoplanetary nebula in constellation Cygnus
complete planetary nebula, and it is still in the short-lived protoplanetary nebula phase. IRAS 20068+4051 has given astronomers insight into how planetary nebulae
IRAS_20068+4051
exoplanets. As of 2 July 2026, there are 6,316 confirmed exoplanets in 4,725 planetary systems, with 1,055 systems having more than one planet. Most of these
Lists_of_planets
Computer system utilising phase diagrams
and Phase Diagrams in Multicomponent Oxide Systems: an Assessment for Materials and Planetary Scientists Based on Calorimetric, Volumetric and Phase Equilibrium
CALPHAD
Mineralogist and analyst (born 1968) at Caltech
Geological and Planetary Sciences at the California Institute of Technology, and is known for his discovery and characterization of new mineral phases in meteorites
Chi_Ma
Circumbinary exoplanet orbiting TOI-1338
(400 parsecs) from Earth. It is the innermost planet of the TOI-1338 planetary system, orbiting the stars' center of mass every 95 days at an average
TOI-1338_b
Types of planet by chemical mass
S.; Sozzetti, A.; Lovis, C.; et al. (2014). "Characterization of the planetary system Kepler-101 with HARPS-N: A hot super-Neptune with an Earth-sized
List_of_planet_types
2019 video game
Interactive. The game follows the player character as they explore a planetary system stuck in a 22-minute time loop that resets after the sun goes supernova
Outer_Wilds
Proposed NASA space mission to Uranus
selected as the highest priority Flagship-class mission by the 2023–2032 Planetary Science Decadal Survey, ahead of the Enceladus Orbilander and alongside
Uranus_Orbiter_and_Probe
Heterogeneous class of stars with unusual spectra
loss. A separate group of stars with WR spectra are the central stars of planetary nebulae (CSPNe), post-asymptotic giant branch stars that were similar
Wolf–Rayet_star
Planet outside of the Solar System
precovery. As of 2 July 2026, there are 6,316 confirmed exoplanets in 4,725 planetary systems, with 1,055 systems having more than one planet. There are many
Exoplanet
Topics referred to by the same term
may refer to: Frozen volatiles, in the context of astronomy and planetary science Phases of ice Frozen desserts Ices (album), by Lia Ices, 2014 Lia Ices
Ices
Proposed crewed Venus flyby
and time. Definition of the planetary surface and its properties. Chemical composition of the low atmosphere and the planetary surface. Ionospheric data
Manned_Venus_flyby
Seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation
monsoon is used to refer to the rainy phase of a seasonally changing pattern, although technically there is a dry phase. The term is also used to describe
Monsoon
Cancelled NASA space exploration program
The Planetary Observer program is a cancelled space exploration program designed by NASA to provide cheaper planetary orbiters by using Earth-orbiting
Planetary_Observer_program
Book by Claudius Ptolemaeus
remainder of book one (up to the final two chapters which concern the planetary phases and aspectual applications), presents the rulerships, divisions, and
Tetrabiblos
Largest dwarf planet
the Kuiper belt. It was immediately hailed as the ninth planet, but its planetary status was questioned when it was found to be much smaller than expected
Pluto
Model for light scattering
The Henyey–Greenstein phase function is a mathematical model used to approximate the angular distribution of light scattered by particles. First introduced
Henyey–Greenstein phase function
Henyey–Greenstein_phase_function
collected upon the surface? How common are Solar System-like planetary systems? (Some observed planetary systems contain Super-Earths and Hot Jupiters that orbit
List of unsolved problems in astronomy
List_of_unsolved_problems_in_astronomy
Tomography technique based on high-energy muon particles
shutdown was announced by the Japanese government in December, 2011, and a new phase of nuclear cleanup and decommissioning was started. However, it is hard
Muon_tomography
Gaseous phase of water
Water vapor, water vapour, or aqueous vapor is the gaseous phase of water. It is one state of water within the hydrosphere. Water vapor can be produced
Water_vapor
Study of Earth's spatial information
can be applied more broadly to other celestial bodies in the field of planetary science. Geography has been called "a bridge between natural science and
Geography
First planet from the Sun
astronomer Ptolemy wrote about the possibility of planetary transits across the face of the Sun in his work Planetary Hypotheses. He suggested that no transits
Mercury_(planet)
Largest moon of Jupiter
English, perhaps under the influence of French Ganymède ([ɡanimɛd]). Planetary moons other than Earth's were never given symbols in the astronomical
Ganymede_(moon)
Type of large cool star
mass and the creation of a planetary nebula finally ends the red-giant phase of the star's evolution. The red-giant phase typically lasts only around
Red_giant
Sixth planet from the Sun
the total planetary mass in the Solar System. Despite consisting mostly of hydrogen and helium, most of Saturn's mass is not in the gas phase, because
Saturn
Metal-poor yellow dwarf in the constellation Lyra
(Top) Phase-folded TESS transits light curves of TOI-5788 b and TOI-5788 c. (Middle) Phase-folded CHEOPS transit light curve of TOI-5788 c. (Bottom) The
TOI-5788
2026 film by Travis Knight
Apples to Apples Balderdash Blokus Ker-Plunk!3 Mad Gab Othello Pictionary Phase 10 Rock 'Em Sock 'Em Robots Scrabble2 Skip-Bo Toss Across U.B. Funkeys Uno
Masters of the Universe (2026 film)
Masters_of_the_Universe_(2026_film)
In astrodynamics, orbit phasing is the adjustment of the time-position of spacecraft along its orbit, usually described as adjusting the orbiting spacecraft's
Orbit_phasing
Planetary-mass object in the constellation Pisces
SIMP J013656.5+093347 (abbreviated SIMP0136) is a planetary mass object at 19.9 light-years from Earth in the constellation Pisces. It belongs to the
SIMP_J013656.5+093347
Type of luminous supergiant star
the star is able to ionise its surrounding nebula, producing a true planetary nebula. Post-AGB stars span a large range of temperatures, as they are
Post-AGB_star
PLANETARY PHASE
PLANETARY PHASE
Girl/Female
Hindu
Phases of Moon
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
A Phase of Life; Childhood
Boy/Male
Tamil
Symbolizing the phases of Moon
Girl/Female
Assamese, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Mythological, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu, Traditional
Good Character; An Precious Angel; The Chant of Salvation; Goddess Durga; Phased; Verse; Angle the Chant of Salvation
Girl/Female
Tamil
Art, Phases of Moon
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
Full Phase of Mooon; Bright Drop; Fair; Attracted by Lord Krishna
Boy/Male
Bengali, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Telugu
Fortnight; Symbolizing the Phases of Moon
Girl/Female
Tamil
Shashikala | ஷஷிகலா
Phases of Moon
Shashikala | ஷஷிகலா
Girl/Female
Hindu
Art, Phases of Moon
Girl/Female
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sindhi, Telugu
Phase; Time of Day
Girl/Female
Tamil
Phase, Time of day
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Telugu, Traditional
Moon Light; Brightness of Moon; Phases of Moon
Girl/Female
Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu
The Phase of Moon Two Nights After New Moon; Ray of Moon
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu
One who Shows Different Phases
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Indian, Kannada
Symbolizing the Phases of Moon
Girl/Female
American, Arabic, Bengali, British, English, Greek, Gujarati, Hawaiian, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu
The Fine Arts; Art; Miracle; Phases of Moon; Princess; Most Beautiful
Girl/Female
Tamil
Kala Devi | கலா தேவீ
Art, Phases of Moon
Kala Devi | கலா தேவீ
Boy/Male
Tamil
One who shows different phases
Girl/Female
Hindu
Art, Phases of Moon
Boy/Male
Hindu
Symbolizing the phases of Moon
PLANETARY PHASE
PLANETARY PHASE
Boy/Male
Biblical
In the tooth; in ivory.
Girl/Female
Indian
Giver of life
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Protected by the Maruts
Boy/Male
Indian
Supreme being
Girl/Female
Indian
Light
Boy/Male
English Teutonic
Thorn wood/clearing; from Thor's meadow.
Female
Vietnamese
Vietnamese name CUC means "chrysanthemum."
Boy/Male
Indian
Not to be Destroyed
Girl/Female
British, English, German, Greek
Variant of Melissa; Bee; Honey Bee
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Gold
PLANETARY PHASE
PLANETARY PHASE
PLANETARY PHASE
PLANETARY PHASE
PLANETARY PHASE
a.
In the direction of the general planetary motion, or from west to east; in the order of the signs; not retrograde; -- said of the motion of a celestial body.
a.
Of or pertaining to the sole of the foot; as, the plantar arteries.
n.
An instrument for studying or observing the successive phases of a periodic or varying motion by means of light which is periodically interrupted.
n.
A dramatic poem, composed in elevated style, representing a signal action performed by some person or persons, and having a fatal issue; that species of drama which represents the sad or terrible phases of character and life.
pl.
of Phase
a.
Without a phase, or visible form.
a.
Of or pertaining to the planets; as, planetary inhabitants; planetary motions; planetary year.
n.
A particular appearance or state in a regularly recurring cycle of changes with respect to quantity of illumination or form of enlightened disk; as, the phases of the moon or planets. See Illust. under Moon.
a.
Consisting of planets; as, a planetary system.
n.
Any appearance or aspect of an object of mental apprehension or view; as, the problem has many phases.
a.
Of or pertaining to a plane.
n.
One of several marked phases or periods in the development and growth of many animals and plants; as, the larval stage; pupa stage; zoea stage.
n.
Any affection which accompanies disease; a perceptible change in the body or its functions, which indicates disease, or the kind or phases of disease; as, the causes of disease often lie beyond our sight, but we learn their nature by the symptoms exhibited.
v. i.
A vibration propagated from particle to particle through a body or elastic medium, as in the transmission of sound; an assemblage of vibrating molecules in all phases of a vibration, with no phase repeated; a wave of vibration; an undulation. See Undulation.
a.
Having the nature of a planet; erratic; revolving; wandering.
a.
Having or existing in three different phases of color; having three distinct color varieties; -- said of certain birds and insects.
a.
Having reference to the placenta; as, the placentary system of classification.
a.
Under the dominion or influence of a planet.
n.
A small periodical change of position in the stars and other heavenly bodies, due to the combined effect of the motion of light and the motion of the observer; called annual aberration, when the observer's motion is that of the earth in its orbit, and daily or diurnal aberration, when of the earth on its axis; amounting when greatest, in the former case, to 20.4'', and in the latter, to 0.3''. Planetary aberration is that due to the motion of light and the motion of the planet relative to the earth.
a.
Caused by planets.