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Control panel using electrical patch cords
A plugboard or control panel (the term used depends on the application area) is an array of jacks or sockets (often called hubs) into which patch cords
Plugboard
Codebreaking device created at Bletchley Park (United Kingdom)
then R is transformed into A. The plugboard transformation maintained the self-inverse quality, but the plugboard wiring, unlike the rotor positions
Bombe
German cipher machine during World War II
Enigma models were produced, but the German military models, having a plugboard, were the most complex. Japanese and Italian models were also in use.
Enigma_machine
Decryption of World War II cipher
properly enforced, would have made the plugboard Enigma machine unbreakable to the Allies at that time. The German plugboard-equipped Enigma became the principal
Cryptanalysis_of_the_Enigma
Type of computer
This approach removes the time consuming setup costs associated with plugboard based computers, and removes the speed bottleneck imposed by the use of
Stored-program_computer
Cryptologic device
Wheel Order : II I III Ringstellung : 24 18 22 (XMV) Reflector : A Plugboard : A-M, F-I, N-V, P-S, T-U, W-Z Grundstellung: FOL Operator chosen message
Cyclometer
Polish mathematician and cryptologist (1905–1980)
(rotors and a reflector) that scrambled the input. The machine used a plugboard to swap pairs of letters, and the encipherment varied from one key press
Marian_Rejewski
Interwar Polish-intelligence cryptology agency
cryptologists overcame the growing structural and operating complexities of the plugboard-equipped Enigma. The Bureau also broke Soviet cryptography. Five weeks
Cipher_Bureau_(Poland)
Japanese diplomatic code named Purple by the US
prototype used the same principle as the Kryha cipher machine, having a plugboard, and was used by the Japanese Navy and Ministry of Foreign Affairs at
Type_B_Cipher_Machine
Polish decryption device
which initial setting for each rotor, and the settings of the stecker plugboard. The rotor settings were trigrams (for example, "NJR") to indicate the
Bomba_(cryptography)
Control panel programmable electronic calculating card punch
wiring of its plugboard, and punch results onto the same card. A separate IBM 521 Card Read/Punch processed the cards and had its own plugboard which selected
IBM_604
Topics referred to by the same term
computer program in the macOS operating system Web hosting control panel Plugboard, also called a control panel Telephone switchboard, a manual exchange
Control_panel
Computer architecture where code and data share a common bus
and data as opposed to designs which use a mechanism such as discrete plugboard wiring or fixed control circuitry for instruction implementation. Stored-program
Von_Neumann_architecture
English computer scientist (1912–1954)
settings used for an Enigma message (i.e., rotor order, rotor settings and plugboard settings) using a suitable crib: a fragment of probable plaintext. For
Alan_Turing
Decimal computer introduced by IBM in 1958
column lines at up to 150 lines per minute. The installation must wire a plugboard to control the layout of the print line. Up to three 7500 Card readers
IBM_7070
World's first marketed all-transistorized calculator
The IBM 608 Transistor Calculator, a plugboard-programmable unit, was the first IBM product to use transistor circuits without any vacuum tubes and is
IBM_608
Algorithm for encrypting and decrypting information
substitution. Keys were easily changed by changing the rotor disks and the plugboard wires. Although these encryption methods were more complex than previous
Cipher
British synthesizer company
and control signals between modules, Cockerell employed a small matrix plugboard (patchboard) into which the user stuck special conductive pins that connected
Electronic_Music_Studios
English cryptanalyst and mathematician (1906–1985)
Board exploited the self-reciprocity of the plugboard element of the Enigma; that is, if on the plugboard, letter B is Steckered (plugged) to letter G
Gordon_Welchman
Algorithm for supervised learning of binary classifiers
to the A-units randomly (according to a table of random numbers) via a plugboard (see photo), to "eliminate any particular intentional bias in the perceptron"
Perceptron
British cipher machine
was similar to the plugboard in the Enigmas, offering additional randomization that could be easily changed. Unlike Enigma's plugboard, however, the wiring
Typex
Instructions a computer can execute
were connected to function panels by plugging heavy black cables into plugboards. Each function table had 728 rotating knobs. Programming the ENIAC also
Computer_program
English cryptographer (1884–1943)
Marian Rejewski, the Polish cryptographer and mathematician who solved the plugboard-equipped Enigma used by Nazi Germany, approached the problem through permutation
Dilly_Knox
First electronic general-purpose digital computer
which originally had programs set up into the machine by a combination of plugboard wiring and three portable function tables (containing 1,200 ten-way switches
ENIAC
Storage of digital data readable by computers
Historical Paper data storage (1725) Punched card (1725) Punched tape (1725) Plugboard Drum memory (1932) Magnetic-core memory (1949) Plated-wire memory (1957)
Computer_data_storage
Form of non-volatile memory used in computers and other electronic devices
Historical Paper data storage (1725) Punched card (1725) Punched tape (1725) Plugboard Drum memory (1932) Magnetic-core memory (1949) Plated-wire memory (1957)
Read-only_memory
History of computer programming using punch cards
card used to program tabs and skips An IBM 519 reproducing punch with plugboard control panel open (it would be closed during operation). IBM 1402 high
Computer programming in the punched card era
Computer_programming_in_the_punched_card_era
Early form of read-only memory
Historical Paper data storage (1725) Punched card (1725) Punched tape (1725) Plugboard Drum memory (1932) Magnetic-core memory (1949) Plated-wire memory (1957)
Core_rope_memory
Software that manages computer hardware resources
computers in the late 1940s and 1950s were directly programmed either with plugboards or with machine code inputted on media such as punch cards, without programming
Operating_system
Device used for calculations
was based on relay technology, and was built into a desk. The IBM 608 plugboard programmable calculator was IBM's first all-transistor product, released
Calculator
Control device in engineering
(software) virtual Lighting control console Mixing console Patch board Plugboard Telephone switchboard Wikimedia Commons has media related to Control panels
Control_panel_(engineering)
Novel computer memory type
Historical Paper data storage (1725) Punched card (1725) Punched tape (1725) Plugboard Drum memory (1932) Magnetic-core memory (1949) Plated-wire memory (1957)
Phase-change_memory
Computer peripheral device
ignoring 8 columns. (The specific 72 columns used were selectable using a plugboard control panel, which is almost always wired to select columns 1–72.) Sometimes
Punched_card_input/output
Replication of the Enigma machine
Enigma's. The Cipher Bureau's commercial Enigma did not have a plugboard, but the plugboard could be simulated by relabeling the keys and lamps. The result
Polish_Enigma_double
Method for decrypting German Enigma ciphers
complicated by the plugboard settings. In contrast, the clock method involved simple tests that were unaffected by the plugboard. In the early 1930s
Clock_(cryptography)
Copies or originates punched cards
operations were directed by a removable control panel that was known as a plugboard. As with other IBM punched card devices that operated as automatic punches
IBM_519
WWII code-breaking site
the Italian Navy used the K model of the commercial Enigma without a plugboard; this was solved by Knox in 1937. When Italy entered the war in 1940 an
Bletchley_Park
Electromechanical machines which processed data using punch cards
The operation of many machines was directed by the use of a removable plugboard, control panel, or connection box. Initially all machines were manual
Unit_record_equipment
American manufacturing company (1927–1955)
Eisenhower's win. In 1949, Remington Rand designed the Remington Rand 409, a plugboard programmed punched card calculator (but not introduced as a product until
Remington_Rand
Teleprinter
Flexowriters in nearly forty years. Programming was done using a 320-contact plugboard, and all of the logic was implemented using relays. The case, although
Friden_Flexowriter
Recording of information in a storage medium
Historical Paper data storage (1725) Punched card (1725) Punched tape (1725) Plugboard Drum memory (1932) Magnetic-core memory (1949) Plated-wire memory (1957)
Data_storage
Electronic non-volatile computer storage device
Historical Paper data storage (1725) Punched card (1725) Punched tape (1725) Plugboard Drum memory (1932) Magnetic-core memory (1949) Plated-wire memory (1957)
Flash_memory
in 1930. Information to be printed could be placed in any sequence via plugboard control panel selections. The machine operated at the rate of 75 cards
IBM_550
Research and scientific development company
program used a Mylar sheet with punched holes, instead of the removable plugboard. In 1954, the first modern solar cell was invented at Bell Laboratories
Bell_Labs
Type of memory used on processors that require high transfer rate memory
Historical Paper data storage (1725) Punched card (1725) Punched tape (1725) Plugboard Drum memory (1932) Magnetic-core memory (1949) Plated-wire memory (1957)
High_Bandwidth_Memory
is a series of punched card calculators that were programmed with a plugboard. The prototype model was designed in 1949 and finished completion in 1951
Remington_Rand_409
Data storage device
Historical Paper data storage (1725) Punched card (1725) Punched tape (1725) Plugboard Drum memory (1932) Magnetic-core memory (1949) Plated-wire memory (1957)
USB_flash_drive
Electro-mechanical data storage device
Historical Paper data storage (1725) Punched card (1725) Punched tape (1725) Plugboard Drum memory (1932) Magnetic-core memory (1949) Plated-wire memory (1957)
Hard_disk_drive
Card-Programmed Electronic Calculator
onto the plugboard of the IBM 604 or 605 calculator machine; a set of cards produced different results when used with different plugboards. The units
IBM_CPC
Computer memory type used for data preservation
Historical Paper data storage (1725) Punched card (1725) Punched tape (1725) Plugboard Drum memory (1932) Magnetic-core memory (1949) Plated-wire memory (1957)
5D_optical_data_storage
First computer to use magnetic disk storage
computer itself) could be programmed by inserting wire jumpers into a plugboard control panel. System architecture was documented in the 305 RAMAC Manual
IBM_305_RAMAC
Polish mathematician and cryptologist (1908–1978)
was independent of the number of connections being used in the Enigma's plugboard, or commutator. After the war, he remained in exile in the United Kingdom
Henryk_Zygalski
Type of computer memory
Historical Paper data storage (1725) Punched card (1725) Punched tape (1725) Plugboard Drum memory (1932) Magnetic-core memory (1949) Plated-wire memory (1957)
Dynamic_random-access_memory
British cryptographer (1902–1971)
examine, and he wrote a paper, "The Reciprocal Enigma", on solving the non-plugboard Enigma. The small [C Model] Enigma was developed by the German services;
Hugh_Foss
First transistorized computer in the USA
Programs for the TRADIC Phase One Computer were introduced via a removable plugboard, while the Flyable TRADIC used a Mylar sheet with punched holes — a system
TRADIC
British historian and codebreaker (1918–2011)
in nearby Elmers School, testing candidate solutions and working out plugboard settings. The process was slow, however, Herivel was determined to find
John_Herivel
Form of computer data storage
Historical Paper data storage (1725) Punched card (1725) Punched tape (1725) Plugboard Drum memory (1932) Magnetic-core memory (1949) Plated-wire memory (1957)
Random-access_memory
Mid-1960s–late-1980s class of smaller computers
carried out in their custom machine language, or even hard-coded into a plugboard, although some used a form of BASIC.[citation needed][example needed]
Minicomputer
Write once computer memory
Historical Paper data storage (1725) Punched card (1725) Punched tape (1725) Plugboard Drum memory (1932) Magnetic-core memory (1949) Plated-wire memory (1957)
Programmable_ROM
Computer memory that loses its contents when unpowered
Historical Paper data storage (1725) Punched card (1725) Punched tape (1725) Plugboard Drum memory (1932) Magnetic-core memory (1949) Plated-wire memory (1957)
Volatile_memory
Computer memory that does not lose its contents after being turned off
Historical Paper data storage (1725) Punched card (1725) Punched tape (1725) Plugboard Drum memory (1932) Magnetic-core memory (1949) Plated-wire memory (1957)
Non-volatile_memory
Component that stores information
Historical Paper data storage (1725) Punched card (1725) Punched tape (1725) Plugboard Drum memory (1932) Magnetic-core memory (1949) Plated-wire memory (1957)
Computer_memory
Computer memory architecture
Historical Paper data storage (1725) Punched card (1725) Punched tape (1725) Plugboard Drum memory (1932) Magnetic-core memory (1949) Plated-wire memory (1957)
Memory_hierarchy
Control device attached to weaving looms
equipment. The cards were used for data, however, with programming done by plugboards. Some early computers, such as the 1944 IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled
Jacquard_machine
World War II German cipher machine and teleprinter
triplets of bits that controlled each XOR or swap were selectable through a plugboard. This produced a much more complex cipher than the Lorenz machine, and
Siemens_and_Halske_T52
First-generation computer
machine code: Since the plugboard was mapped to series 3, some extensions and subroutines eventually became shipped as pre-wired plugboard programs. One such
Bull_Gamma_3
Memory card format
Historical Paper data storage (1725) Punched card (1725) Punched tape (1725) Plugboard Drum memory (1932) Magnetic-core memory (1949) Plated-wire memory (1957)
MultiMediaCard
Typesetting-quality printer for computer output
Proportional Spacing Typewriter connected to a modified IBM 016 keypunch. A plugboard control panel was used for programming and formatting of the printout
IBM Electromatic Table Printing Machine
IBM_Electromatic_Table_Printing_Machine
Replaceable device used for the distribution and storage of video games
Historical Paper data storage (1725) Punched card (1725) Punched tape (1725) Plugboard Drum memory (1932) Magnetic-core memory (1949) Plated-wire memory (1957)
ROM_cartridge
Flat, usually circular disc that encodes binary data
Historical Paper data storage (1725) Punched card (1725) Punched tape (1725) Plugboard Drum memory (1932) Magnetic-core memory (1949) Plated-wire memory (1957)
Optical_disc
Computer built from mechanical components such as levers and gears
The operation of many machines was directed by the use of a removable plugboard, control panel, or connection box. Early electrically powered computers
Mechanical_computer
Data recording made of plastic film
Historical Paper data storage (1725) Punched card (1725) Punched tape (1725) Plugboard Drum memory (1932) Magnetic-core memory (1949) Plated-wire memory (1957)
Magnetic_tape
Removable disk storage medium
Historical Paper data storage (1725) Punched card (1725) Punched tape (1725) Plugboard Drum memory (1932) Magnetic-core memory (1949) Plated-wire memory (1957)
Floppy_disk
Family of connectors typically used for analog signals
equipment. An unusual example is the Enigma machine, which featured a plugboard as part of its encryption system. Any number of 3.5 mm sockets for input
Phone_connector_(audio)
until 1942. During the period of its operation, In 7/IV' examined the plugboard Enigma and made security studies on two other cryptographic machines proposed
German Army cryptographic systems of World War II
German_Army_cryptographic_systems_of_World_War_II
Decade of the Gregorian calendar (1930–1939)
structural and operating complexities of the evolving Enigma machine with plugboard, the main German cipher device during World War II. Getúlio Vargas became
1930s
Early and obsolete type of computer memory
Historical Paper data storage (1725) Punched card (1725) Punched tape (1725) Plugboard Drum memory (1932) Magnetic-core memory (1949) Plated-wire memory (1957)
Selectron_tube
Type of computer memory used from 1955 to 1975
Historical Paper data storage (1725) Punched card (1725) Punched tape (1725) Plugboard Drum memory (1932) Magnetic-core memory (1949) Plated-wire memory (1957)
Magnetic-core_memory
Early British cryptanalysis computer
result was fed. The plugboard allowed less specialized conditions to be imposed. Overall the K2 switch panel switches and the plugboard allowed about five
Colossus_computer
Computer memory used for small quantities of data
Historical Paper data storage (1725) Punched card (1725) Punched tape (1725) Plugboard Drum memory (1932) Magnetic-core memory (1949) Plated-wire memory (1957)
EEPROM
Hungarian and American mathematician and physicist (1903–1957)
earliest computers which stored their programs separately on paper tape or plugboards. This architecture became the basis of most modern digital computer designs
John_von_Neumann
English codebreaker (1921–2013)
Italian Navy Cipher D, a variation of the commercial Enigma that had no plugboard and was thus easier to solve. The methods included 'rodding' and known-plaintext
Mavis_Batey
Computer storage device with no moving parts
Historical Paper data storage (1725) Punched card (1725) Punched tape (1725) Plugboard Drum memory (1932) Magnetic-core memory (1949) Plated-wire memory (1957)
Solid-state_drive
British designation for intelligence from decrypted enemy communications
Abwehr (German military intelligence) used a four-rotor machine without a plugboard and Naval Enigma used different key management from that of the army or
Ultra_(cryptography)
Means by which a user interacts with and controls a machine
to incorporate program logic into themselves, using devices known as plugboards. Early batch systems gave the currently running job the entire computer;
User_interface
American cipher machine
message settings included the position of the tape and the settings of a plugboard that indicated which line of holes on the tape controlled which rotors
SIGABA
mathematician and cryptologist who, in 1932, solved the Enigma machine with plugboard, the main cipher device then in use by Germany. The first to break the
List_of_cryptographers
Data storage device
Historical Paper data storage (1725) Punched card (1725) Punched tape (1725) Plugboard Drum memory (1932) Magnetic-core memory (1949) Plated-wire memory (1957)
Semiconductor_memory
Process of encoding and decoding binary data to and from synthesized strands of DNA
Historical Paper data storage (1725) Punched card (1725) Punched tape (1725) Plugboard Drum memory (1932) Magnetic-core memory (1949) Plated-wire memory (1957)
DNA_digital_data_storage
Early Swedish electromechanical computer
80 km of cable and with 175,000 soldering points. Programming was done by plugboard. It was completed in February 1950 at a cost of 400,000 Swedish kronor
BARK_(computer)
Novel computer memory type
Historical Paper data storage (1725) Punched card (1725) Punched tape (1725) Plugboard Drum memory (1932) Magnetic-core memory (1949) Plated-wire memory (1957)
Racetrack_memory
System to replace plaintext with ciphertext
Dillwyn Knox solved versions of the Enigma machine (those without the "plugboard") well before WWII began. Traffic protected by essentially all of the
Substitution_cipher
Obsolete type of non-volatile computer memory
Historical Paper data storage (1725) Punched card (1725) Punched tape (1725) Plugboard Drum memory (1932) Magnetic-core memory (1949) Plated-wire memory (1957)
Bubble_memory
Earliest electronic computer design
the development of a hydrogen bomb. ENIAC was initially programmed with plugboards and switches instead of an electronically stored program. A post-war series
Vacuum-tube_computer
German mathematician (1919–2006)
Hasenjaeger examined was a variation that worked with 3 rotors and had no plugboard. Germany sold this version to neutral countries to accrue foreign exchange
Gisbert_Hasenjaeger
Cryptology method
their own version of the Enigma—the Enigma G; a revised Enigma I (with plugboard) appeared in June 1930. The Enigma I used by the German military in the
Grill_(cryptology)
Early form of computer memory
Historical Paper data storage (1725) Punched card (1725) Punched tape (1725) Plugboard Drum memory (1932) Magnetic-core memory (1949) Plated-wire memory (1957)
Williams_tube
US Air Force command, control, and coordination system
position switch banks, in which a short program could be inserted, and a plugboard, similar to the one used in IBM unit record equipment, that had the capacity
AN/FSQ-31 SAC Data Processing System
AN/FSQ-31_SAC_Data_Processing_System
by changing electrical connections using switches or a patch panel (or plugboard). However, this process of 'reprogramming' was often difficult and time-consuming
History_of_computing_hardware
Type of computer memory
Historical Paper data storage (1725) Punched card (1725) Punched tape (1725) Plugboard Drum memory (1932) Magnetic-core memory (1949) Plated-wire memory (1957)
LPDDR
PLUGBOARD
PLUGBOARD
PLUGBOARD
PLUGBOARD
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Lord Subramanian
Female
Greek
 Feminine form of Greek Athanasios, ATHANASIA means "immortal." Compare with another form of Athanasia.
Girl/Female
Hebrew
Eternal joy.
Girl/Female
Hindu
Beauty and intelligent
Boy/Male
French, German
Little Woodsman; Little Hewer of Wood
Boy/Male
Indian
Simple
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Traditional
Gautamn
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit
Imperishable; Invincible
Girl/Female
Tamil
King of fame
Boy/Male
American, British, English, Irish
Ancient; Sharp
PLUGBOARD
PLUGBOARD
PLUGBOARD
PLUGBOARD
PLUGBOARD