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Political rule by multiple people
In political science, the term polyarchy, literally ”rule by many” (poly "many", arkhe "rule") was used by Robert Dahl to describe a form of government
Polyarchy
American political scientist (1915–2014)
enacted through competitive, if unequal, interest groups—and introduced "polyarchy" as a descriptor of actual democratic governance. An originator of "empirical
Robert_Dahl
Type of democracy principled on elected representation
Houston, and Ian Liebenberg) have described representative democracy as polyarchy. Representative democracy can be organized in different ways including
Representative_democracy
Activities associated with group decisions
people are equally satisfied by the collective decision). He uses the term polyarchy to refer to societies in which there exists a certain set of institutions
Politics
Overview of democracy measures
institutions, freedom of expression, the competitiveness and inclusiveness of polyarchy, governance quality, adherence to democratic norms, co-option of opposition
Democracy_indices
American political scientist (1917–2018)
fellow Yale Professor Robert A. Dahl, Lindblom was a champion of the polyarchy (or pluralistic) view of political elites and governance in the late 1950s
Charles_E._Lindblom
Government system where political power lies with the people
have his/her interests be given equal consideration. He uses the term polyarchy ("rule by many") to refer to societies in which there exists a certain
Democracy
Combination of electronics and mechanics
control architecture. The most known architectures involve hierarchy, polyarchy, heterarchy, and hybrid. The methods for achieving a technical effect
Mechatronics
Critiques of democratic political systems
lottocracy. Others have characterized most modern democracies as democratic polyarchies and democratic aristocracies. Yet others have identified fascist moments
Criticism_of_democracy
Type of political organization
by a variety of organized interests. Dahl called this kind of state a polyarchy. Pluralism has been challenged on the grounds that it is not supported
State_(polity)
Political system
2018 study by Amichai Magen demonstrated that liberal democracies and polyarchies not only suffer fewer terrorist attacks as compared to other regime types
Authoritarianism
Form of government
accountable. A contemporary viewpoint on democracy is Robert Dahl's concept of "polyarchy". Dahl argues that "democracy" is an ideal that no country has ever achieved
Regime
View of politics as governmental but under heavy influence of non-governmental groups
International relations Legitimation crisis Marxism New institutionalism Polyarchy Salad bowl (cultural idea) Held, David, Models of Democracy James Madison
Pluralism_(political_theory)
Collective perception of a group of people
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
Wisdom_of_the_crowd
democracy parties Majority rule Media democracy Netocracy Poll Panarchy Polyarchy Sociocracy Sortition Subversion Rule According to Higher Law Voting Absolute
Types_of_democracy
Dataset of characteristics of political / rankings regimes
liberal democracy. It is heavily inspired by Robert Dahl's theory of polyarchy based on six institutional guarantees: elected officials, free and fair
V-Dem_Democracy_Indices
Election which is free of coercion and fraud
the electoral democracy index. Election subversion Electoral integrity Polyarchy Unfair election Voter suppression Elklit, Jorgen; Svensson, Palle (1997)
Free_and_fair_election
Form of government
23 April 2021. Coppedge, Michael; Reinicke, Wolfgang (1991). Measuring Polyarchy. New Brunswick: Transaction. "Voting requirements". USA Gov. Archived
Liberal_democracy
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
List_of_political_ideologies
System of governance
corruption – Use of power by government officials for illegitimate private gain Polyarchy – Political rule by multiple people Post-fascism – Ideological shift from
Illiberal_democracy
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
Democracy_in_Africa
Measure of the state of democracy according to The Economist
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
The_Economist_Democracy_Index
Major surges of democracy in history
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
Waves_of_democracy
Expression from Greek that means "the many"
with a cold brew in my hand, I feel amalgamated with the hoi polloi". Polyarchy Criticism of democracy – Critiques of democratic political systems Dominant
Hoi_polloi
Structure or mechanism of social order
law, sociology of law. Institutions of democracy can be measured with polyarchy indices. Penal systems: The penal systems acts upon prisoners and the
Institution
Political science book by Robert Dahl
future." Wikiquote has quotations related to Democracy and Its Critics. Polyarchy "Welcome | Yale University Press". "Democracy and Its Critics". www.ou
Democracy_and_Its_Critics
Government regime in ancient Athens
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
Athenian_democracy
Right and acceptance of an authority
doi:10.1007/978-1-349-25303-6. ISBN 978-0-333-66584-8. Dahl, Robert A. Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition (pp. 124–188). New Haven (Connecticut) and
Political_legitimacy
Difference between levels of participation of various groups in certain activities
his 1971 paper Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition, Robert Dahl provided a basic framework to evaluate democracies or polyarchies (nearly/almost full
Participation_inequality
Form of democracy
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
Direct_democracy
1861–1865 conflict in Southern Italy
London: Sampson Low, Son, and Marston. p. 294. "Legge Pica (1863)". Polyarchy.org. 16 April 2008. Desiderio, Giancristano (August 8, 2016). "Pontelandolfo
Post-unification Italian brigandage
Post-unification_Italian_brigandage
Democracy spoiled by demagoguery and the rule of passion over reason
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
Mob_rule
How politicians represent citizens
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
Political_representation
International relations theory
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
Democratic_peace_theory
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
History_of_democracy
Socioeconomic philosophy
indication of systemic failure; and b) while capitalism thrives under polyarchy, it is not compatible with genuine democracy. Assuming these "democratic
Economic_democracy
Academic journal
Democracy. Retrieved May 21, 2023. Robinson, William I. (1996). Promoting polyarchy: Globalization, US intervention, and hegemony. Cambridge University Press
Journal_of_Democracy
Form of government
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
Consensus_democracy
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
Islam_and_democracy
Drift towards authoritarianism
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
Democratic_backsliding
Type of political system
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
Defective_democracy
Collective action supporting a cause
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
Political_demonstration
Ongoing period of history since 1991
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
Post–Cold_War_era
American Professor of Law
Joshua Cohen and others he developed the theory of directly deliberative polyarchy or democratic experimentalism, which is related to the concept of deliberative
Charles_Sabel
Society becoming more democratic
Robert Dahl, in Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition (1971), held that the "commonest sequence among the older and more stable polyarchies has been some
Democratization
African Americans assisted with this process by adding their beliefs to the polyarchy, a term used by Robert Dahl, which used many cultural views to approach
Alabama_Camps
Christian socioeconomic model
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
Christian_democracy
Political theory
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
Associationalism
Chinese Communist Party concept
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
Whole-process people's democracy
Whole-process_people's_democracy
Capacity of a country to withstand or recover from democratic backsliding
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
Democratic_resilience
All Latin and Greek roots beginning with G
monarchist, monarchy, navarch, octarchy, oligarchy, patriarchy, plutarchy, polyarchy, synarchism, synarchy, tetrarchy, triarchy, trierarch archae-, arche-
List of Greek and Latin roots in English/A–G
List_of_Greek_and_Latin_roots_in_English/A–G
When an institution falls short of upholding the people's power in and over itself
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
Democratic_deficit
Specific phase in a political system
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
Democratic_transition
Type of governing system centering voting
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
Procedural_democracy
Arrangement which involves workers making decisions
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
Industrial_democracy
Political party in Greece
Eastern Europe: Regional trends in comparative perspective". Poliarchie/Polyarchies (Special Issue 2023). Trieste: EUT Edizioni Università di Trieste: 63
Course_of_Freedom
Democratic provision limiting majority rule
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
Concurrent_majority
2003 popular uprising in Georgia
p. 283-304 Michael Barker, "Regulating revolutions in Eastern Europe: Polyarchy and the National Endowment for Democracy", 1 November 2006 Dan Jakopovich
Rose_Revolution
Political and economic system
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
Democratic_capitalism
Type of democracy that advocates the radical extension of equality and liberty
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
Radical_democracy
Prevention of anti-democratic principles
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
Defensive_democracy
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
Anticipatory_democracy
Opposition to authoritarianism
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
Anti-authoritarianism
Form of government
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
Anocracy
American sociology professor
Westview Press. ISBN 0-8133-8233-5. Robinson, William I. (1996). Promoting Polyarchy: Globalization, US Intervention, and Hegemony. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge
William_I._Robinson
Type of democratic government
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
Non-partisan_democracy
Political ideology
Eastern Europe: Regional Trends in Comparative Perspective". Poliarchie / Polyarchies. Edizioni Università di Trieste: 58–73. doi:10.13137/2611-2914/35183
Valence_populism
Form of democracy focusing on deliberation and informed decision-making
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
Deliberative_democracy
Application of democratic principles to places of work
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
Workplace_democracy
Democracy with more than one system of power
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
Pluralist_democracy
Form of government
similar to Merkel's embedded democracy model. For instance, Dahl defines polyarchy based on seven distinct criteria: elected officials, free elections, inclusive
Embedded_democracy
Democratic governments acting as autocracies
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
Guided_democracy
Randomly selected people to deliberate on public issues
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
Citizens'_assembly
French jurist and political philosopher (c. 1530–1596)
Besoldus. He drew a line under it, by adopting the concept of composite polyarchy, which held sway subsequently. Leibniz rejected Bodin's view of sovereignty
Jean_Bodin
Model of democracy
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
Participatory_democracy
Combination of direct and representative democracy
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
Liquid_democracy
Interpretation of democracy
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
Democratic_experimentalism
When everyone has equal political power or influence
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
Political_egalitarianism
Annual global ranking of liberal democracies
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
Democracy_Ranking
Political party in Poland
Serena Baldin. "The Rule of Law in the New EU Member States". Poliarchie/Polyarchies. Special Issue 2023: 64. ISSN 2611-2914. Indeed, if we exclude Slovenia
Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland
Self-Defence_of_the_Republic_of_Poland
Status of democracy in Marxist theory
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
Democracy_in_Marxism
British diplomat and former politician (born 1953)
Michael Barker, zmag.org, 26 November 2007, "The United Nations and Polyarchy". Archived from the original on 28 August 2008. Retrieved 24 May 2013
Mark_Malloch_Brown
Political ideology
Eastern Europe: Regional Trends in Comparative Perspective". Poliarchie / Polyarchies. Edizioni Università di Trieste: 58–73. doi:10.13137/2611-2914/35183
Centrist_populism
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
Democracy in the Middle East and North Africa
Democracy_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa
Form of voting that allows delegation
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
Proxy_voting
Dictatorship based on the mass enthusiasm generated by a perfectionist ideology
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
Totalitarian_democracy
All Latin and Greek roots beginning with A
monarchist, monarchy, navarch, octarchy, oligarchy, patriarchy, plutarchy, polyarchy, synarchism, synarchy, tetrarchy, triarchy, trierarch archae-, arche-
List of Greek and Latin roots in English/A
List_of_Greek_and_Latin_roots_in_English/A
Decision rule that selects alternatives that have a majority
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
Majority_rule
Approach to leadership
Uncertainty" Gower Applied Research Obolensky, N. (2007) "Chaos leadership and Polyarchy - Countering leadership Stress?", The University of Exeter Centre for
Complex_adaptive_leadership
Inclusion by default
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
Presumptive_inclusion
Publishers. p. 219. ISBN 978-1-61592-968-9. Robert Alan Dahl (1973). Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition. Yale University Press. pp. 172–173.
History_of_Lisbon
Type that favors individual activism
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
Grassroots_democracy
Gutiérrez Mayorga 1983, pp. 205–210. Robinson, William I. (1996). Promoting Polyarchy: Globalization, US Intervention, and Hegemony. Cambridge studies in international
Anarchism_in_Nicaragua
Theocratic political system described by Joseph Smith
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
Theodemocracy
Political folk belief
functional democracy. Retrospective voting Public opinion Procedural democracy Polyarchy Identity politics Elizabeth Theiss-Morse John Hibbing Achen, Christopher
Folk_theory_of_democracy
South African politician (1940–2010)
Afrikainstitutet, Uppsala, 2002 Robinson, William I. (1996). Promoting Polyarchy: Globalization, US Intervention, and Hegemony. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Frederik_van_Zyl_Slabbert
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
Democracy_and_economic_growth
Political theory
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
Demoicracy
Type of government model
delegative democracy as a whole is spun from Robert Dahl's definition of polyarchy. When an individual is elected within a delegative democracy, they are
Delegative_democracy
Human right
Ochlocracy Nomination rules Peaceful transition of power Political equality Polyarchy Populism Post-democracy Proportional representation Right to petition
Right_to_public_participation
POLYARCHY
POLYARCHY
POLYARCHY
POLYARCHY
Girl/Female
French
Little innocent.
Boy/Male
Afghan, Arabic, Iranian, Muslim, Parsi
Lion
Boy/Male
Tamil
Pritesh | பà¯à®°à¯€à®¤à¯‡à®·
Lord of Love
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit
Lord of Generosity
Female
Arthurian
, far from shame.
Boy/Male
French American English
Intelligent; Glorious raven. French form of the German Bertram, meaning bright-raven. Philosopher...
Girl/Female
Australian, British, English
Archer; Yew Wood; Diminutive of Yvonne
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Peaceful Kingdom
Boy/Male
Tamil
Small
Girl/Female
Arabic
Beautiful
POLYARCHY
POLYARCHY
POLYARCHY
POLYARCHY
POLYARCHY
n.
A government by many persons, of whatever order or class.
n.
See Polyarchy.
n.
Government by many rulers; polyarchy.
n.
One who advocates polyarchy; -- opposed to monarchist.