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Experimental method in X-ray diffraction
Powder diffraction is a scientific technique using X-ray, neutron, or electron diffraction on powder or microcrystalline samples for structural characterization
Powder_diffraction
Elastic interaction of x-rays with electrons
sources. Similar diffraction patterns can be produced by related scattering techniques such as electron diffraction or neutron diffraction. If single crystals
X-ray_diffraction
Technique for the characterisation of crystalline materials
transfer Q, which is historically rarely used in powder diffraction but very common in all other diffraction and optics techniques. The relation is Q = 4
Rietveld_refinement
Technique to investigate atomic structures using neutron scattering
to obtain a diffraction pattern that provides information of the structure of the material. The technique is similar to X-ray diffraction but, due to
Neutron_diffraction
reflection intensities and lattice spacings from X-ray powder diffraction data with entries in powder-diffraction fingerprinting databases.Crystal structures of
Crystallographic_database
Interference phenomenon of waves
superposition of a few waves, while the term diffraction is used when many waves are superposed. The term diffraction pattern is used to refer to an image or
Diffraction
as the Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards. In 1978, the name was changed to International Centre for Diffraction Data to better encompass
International Centre for Diffraction Data
International_Centre_for_Diffraction_Data
Particle data acquisition technique
specifically the XRD data can be treated either as powder diffraction or single crystal diffraction data and this depends on the sample properties. If
X-ray diffraction computed tomography
X-ray_diffraction_computed_tomography
States of matter for water as a solid
mismatch. The disordered nature of Ice IV was confirmed by neutron powder diffraction studies by Lobban (1998) and Klotz et al. (2003). In addition, the
Phases_of_ice
Scientific study of minerals and mineralised artifacts
(2008). "1. Principles of powder diffraction". In Dinnebier, Robert E.; Billinge, Simon J.L. (eds.). Powder diffraction : theory and practice (Repr
Mineralogy
Chemical compound
Material 660c Line Position and Line Shape Standard for Powder Diffraction (Lanthanum Hexaboride Powder)" https://tsapps.nist.gov/srmext/certificates/660c
Lanthanum_hexaboride
Crystallographic electron diffraction technique
times larger, the electrons are diffracted on the crystal lattice, acting as a diffraction grating. Due to the diffraction, part of the electrons is scattered
Selected_area_diffraction
phase-purity. Generally, the intensities of powder diffraction data are complicated by overlapping diffraction peaks with similar d-spacings. For the Le
Le_Bail_method
any powder diffraction experiment, and at the same time it is possible to perform both total scattering experiments, and high pressure diffraction, for
ALBA_(synchrotron)
radiology. Neutron diffraction is complementary to other materials characterization methods, such as X-ray diffraction. Neutron diffraction is usually used
North Carolina State University reactor program
North_Carolina_State_University_reactor_program
material from the boulder underwent several analyses including, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), a single crystal study, and a preliminary electron microprobe
Edoylerite
Entity in a chemical reaction
mounted on substrates, such as powder diffraction. This type of diffraction, which involves directing high-powered X-rays at powder samples to deduce crystal
Substrate_(chemistry)
Range of physical processes in physics
scattering Phase space measurement with forward modeling Photon diffusion Powder diffraction Raman scattering Rayleigh scattering Resonances in scattering from
Scattering
Research nuclear reactor in Australia
magnetic field, etc. The goniometer stage is redundant for most powder diffraction measurements, but will be important for single crystal and texture
Open-pool Australian lightwater reactor
Open-pool_Australian_lightwater_reactor
NASA rover exploring Mars since 2012
deployment of a portable X-ray diffraction/X-ray fluorescence instrument on Mars analog terrain". Powder Diffraction. 20 (2): 128–133. Bibcode:2005PDiff
Curiosity_(rover)
Study of solid materials' properties and composition
reaction products is powder diffraction because many solid-state reactions will produce polycrystalline molds or powders. Powder diffraction aids in the identification
Solid-state_chemistry
Technique used for determining crystal structures and identifying mineral compounds
beam of incident X-rays to diffract in specific directions. By measuring the angles and intensities of the X-ray diffraction, a crystallographer can produce
X-ray_crystallography
Chemical compound with formula NH4NO3
Prask, H. J. (1983). "The structure of ND4NO3 phase V by neutron powder diffraction". Acta Crystallographica B. 39 (4): 414–420. Bibcode:1983AcCrB..39
Ammonium_nitrate
Collection of ancient Chinese military statues
Advanced Light Source facility in Berkeley, California, reported that powder diffraction experiments combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and
Terracotta_Army
Scientific study of crystal structures
crystals with different orientations). As such, powder diffraction techniques, which take diffraction patterns of samples with a large number of crystals
Crystallography
Dutch programmer and crystallographer
Loopstra, van Laar and himself on the full profile refinement method in powder diffraction, which became later known as the Rietveld refinement method. The method
Hugo_Rietveld
English physics research facility
studies and long-wavelength diffraction. Pearl is a neutron diffractometer dedicated to high-pressure powder diffraction. Polaris is a neutron diffractometer
ISIS_Neutron_and_Muon_Source
along [100]. Wavelength-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (WDS) and Powder X-ray Diffraction (XRD) were used on Bettertonite to understand its chemical composition
Bettertonite
Sulfide-antimonide of arsenic, mineral
X-Ray Powder Diffraction: d spacing 2.89 4.44 3.63 2.54 2.33 relative intensity 10 8 7 6 6
Getchellite
Bending of electron beams due to electrostatic interactions with matter
overview of electron diffraction and electron diffraction patterns, collectively referred to by the generic name electron diffraction. This includes aspects
Electron_diffraction
Research of materials
with different orientations. Because of this, the powder diffraction method, which uses diffraction patterns of polycrystalline samples with a large number
Materials_science
Topics referred to by the same term
(PGO) Program Development Facility, in the IBM z/OS operating system Powder Diffraction File Pair distribution function Probability density function Probability
PDF_(disambiguation)
Scattering from arrays of atoms
periodic microscale lattices. Bragg diffraction (also referred to as the Bragg formulation of X-ray diffraction) was first proposed by Lawrence Bragg
Bragg's_law
Planned Mars rover, part of ExoMars programme
(June 2005). "X-ray Powder Diffraction on the Red Planet" (PDF). International Union of Crystallography Commission on Powder Diffraction Newsletter (30):
Rosalind_Franklin_(rover)
Hexagonal lattice made of carbon atoms
graphite specimens contributed to the independent development of X-ray powder diffraction by Peter Debye and Paul Scherrer in 1915, and Albert Hull in 1916
Graphene
Sulfosalt found in northwestern Iran
PbHgAs2S5. Daliranite fibers were studied using selected area electron diffraction (SAED) originally indicating that the mineral has a primitive monoclinic
Daliranite
Chemical compound (HIO3)
structure of a new polymorph of iodic acid, δ-HIO3, from powder diffraction". Powder Diffraction. 32 (4): 261–264. Bibcode:2017PDiff..32..261W. doi:10
Iodic_acid
Copper sulfide mineral
but the two minerals can be distinguished from each other by x-ray powder diffraction. Intergrowths and transformations between djurleite, digenite and
Djurleite
Copper iodate mineral
curved imaging plate microdiffractometer was used to get the data for the powder XRD data. The data obtained was fit into a profile using JADE 2010 software
Bluebellite
Inelastic scattering of photons by matter
1922, Indian physicist C. V. Raman published his work on the "Molecular Diffraction of Light", the first of a series of investigations with his collaborators
Raman_scattering
Technique in X-ray crystallography
scientists doing "WAXS" would describe the measurements as Bragg/X-ray/powder diffraction or crystallography. Wide-angle X-ray scattering is similar to small-angle
Wide-angle_X-ray_scattering
Silica mineral, polymorph of quartz
crystallinity, nomenclature of the silica minerals and bibliography". Powder Diffraction. 13 (1): 2–19. Bibcode:1998PDiff..13....2S. doi:10.1017/S0885715600009696
Cristobalite
Australian chemist
laboratory x-ray techniques, as well as neutron powder diffraction, as well as single crystal x-ray diffraction. In 1999, Peterson obtained a first class honors
Vanessa_Peterson
Rare mercury(I) basic carbonate mineral
their crystal structure is completely different, as shown by X-ray powder diffraction data. Clearcreekite is an extremely rare hydrous mercury carbonate
Clearcreekite
Hydrous calcium sulfo-aluminate
Further studies conducted on synthetic ettringite by use of X-ray and powder diffraction confirmed earlier assumptions and analyses. Upon analyzing the structure
Ettringite
Chemical compound
James A. (2020). "Crystal structures of two magnesium citrates from powder diffraction data". Acta Crystallographica Section E. 76 (10): 1611–1616. Bibcode:2020AcCrE
Magnesium_citrate
Topics referred to by the same term
lascar ship's crew TOPAS, a software package used in the analysis of powder diffraction data Topass, a Portuguese ethnicity in the Indian Ocean Topa, a census
Topas
Chemical compound
undergoes a phase transition at 98.4 K (−174.8 °C; −282.5 °F). X-ray powder diffraction of the frozen material shows that the material changes from an orthorhombic
Hydrogen_chloride
Pungent chemical compound in chili peppers
(1998). "Routine determination of molecular crystal structures from powder diffraction data". Chemical Communications. 8 (8): 931–932. Bibcode:1998ChCom
Capsaicin
Peptide hormone
STRUCTURE DETERMINED FROM X-RAY POWDER DIFFRACTION DATA 1fub: FIRST PROTEIN STRUCTURE DETERMINED FROM X-RAY POWDER DIFFRACTION DATA 1g7a: 1.2 A structure of
Insulin
Study of material structure and properties
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) X-ray diffraction topography (XRT) Atom-Probe Tomography (APT) Spectroscopy is a category
Characterization (materials science)
Characterization_(materials_science)
Chemical compound with formula MgSO4
"Cation substitution in synthetic meridianiite (MgSO4·11H2O) I: X-ray powder diffraction analysis of quenched polycrystalline aggregates". Physics and Chemistry
Magnesium_sulfate
Chemical compound
structure analysis of β-tricalcium phosphate Ca3(PO4)2 by neutron powder diffraction". RNAl of Solid State Chemistry. 175 (2): 272–277. Bibcode:2003JSSCh
Tricalcium_phosphate
Method to determine atomic positions in solids using an electron microscope
transmission electron microscopy images, electron diffraction patterns including convergent-beam electron diffraction or combinations of these. It has been successful
Electron_crystallography
Tendency of matter to change volume in response to a change in temperature
determine the elements of the tensor is to study the expansion by x-ray powder diffraction. The thermal expansion coefficient tensor for the materials possessing
Thermal_expansion
Visible shape of a mineral
Exercises in Crystal and Mineral Chemistry, Crystallography, X-ray Powder Diffraction, Mineral and Rock Identification, and Ore Mineralogy, Wiley, third
Crystal_habit
Chemical compound
acetate can also be prepared as a pale pink form. According to X-ray powder diffraction, this form is polymeric. Palladium acetate, in trimeric form, can
Palladium(II)_acetate
Description of particle density in statistical mechanics
system and can thus be determined experimentally using X-ray diffraction or neutron diffraction. If the system consists of spherically symmetric particles
Radial_distribution_function
Chemical compound
Georges (2002). "Synthetic hydrocerussite, 2PbCO3·Pb(OH)2, by X-ray powder diffraction". Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications
White_lead
American physicist (c.1903–1987)
Analysis by X-Ray Diffraction: Classification and Use of X-Ray Diffraction Patterns, are considered the foundations of powder X-ray diffraction as an analytical
J._D._Hanawalt
Crystal used to calibrate an x-ray spectrometer
Centre for Diffraction Data round robin study of silver behenate. A possible low-angle X-ray diffraction calibration standard". Powder Diffraction. 10 (2):
Diffraction_standard
Eye cosmetic
high as 84%. Kohl samples from Oman and Cairo, analyzed using X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, were found to contain galena. One
Kohl_(cosmetics)
Protective exterior of an egg
PMC 10687338. PMID 38034363. "The Egg-Shell Microstructure Studied by Powder Diffraction". Xray.cz. Retrieved 2012-10-16. Investigación reciente de la estructura
Eggshell
Chemical compound
Structure Determination of VO(H2PO2)2×H2O from X-Ray and Neutron Powder Diffraction Data. A Monodimensional Vanadium( IV) Hypophosphite". ChemInform.
Phosphinate
quantum chemistry calculations (e.g. density functional theory), powder diffraction etc. If suitable crystals can be grown, any crystallographic method
Nuclear magnetic resonance crystallography
Nuclear_magnetic_resonance_crystallography
Term used for certain metallic elements
R. J. & Baboian R. 1986, "An X-ray Diffraction Analysis of the Patina of the Statue of Liberty", Powder Diffraction, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 299–304, doi:10
Heavy_metals
Chemical compound
Schmidtmann, M.; Wilson, C. C.; Weller, M. T. (2009). "In situ neutron powder diffraction and structure determination in controlled humidities". Chem. Commun
Copper(II)_sulfate
Software for simulating and modeling materials
experiment and computation. X-Cell: indexing for medium- to high-quality powder diffraction data from X-ray, neutron, and electron radiation sources. Quantum
Materials_Studio
ISBN 978-0-306-30348-7. 1978, Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS) is renamed International Centre for Diffraction Data (ICDD). A lot of compounds have
Timeline of the discovery and classification of minerals
Timeline_of_the_discovery_and_classification_of_minerals
Azure blue pigment made in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica
combinations. The chemical composition of the compound was determined by powder diffraction in the 1950s and was found to be a composite of palygorskite and indigo
Maya_blue
Formula in X-ray diffraction and crystallography
The Scherrer equation, in X-ray diffraction and crystallography, is a formula that relates the size of sub-micrometre crystallites in a solid to the broadening
Scherrer_equation
Biocomposite material used for construction and insulation
cycle assessment (LCA) of hempcrete blocks using research and X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD), it was found that the blocks store a large quantity of carbon
Hempcrete
Chemical element with atomic number 93 (Np)
"Structural studies of Li5ReO6, Li4NpO5 and Li5NpO6 by neutron and X-ray powder diffraction". Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 203: 289–95. doi:10.1016/0925-8388(94)90748-x
Neptunium
Chemical compound
T. A. (1989). "The structure of SrRuO3 by time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction". Acta Crystallographica Section C. 45 (3): 365–367. doi:10.1107/S0108270188009850
Monostrontium_ruthenate
Measure of chemical reaction in cement
lower water-to-binder ratios (pastes), thermal analysis and X-ray powder diffraction techniques are commonly used to determine remaining calcium hydroxide
Pozzolanic_activity
Uranium-Oxygen compound
trioxide phase of composition UO2·82 has been determined by X-ray powder diffraction techniques using a Guinier-type focusing camera. The unit cell is
Uranium_trioxide
widely used for small-angle scattering, coherent scattering, X-ray powder diffraction and spectroscopy applications. The main reasons for the success of
Hybrid_pixel_detector
American theoretical physicist (born 1952)
mathematical algorithm to search through an international database of powder diffraction patterns. For the first eight years, the search yielded no results
Paul_Steinhardt
Chemical compound
Centre for Diffraction Data round robin study of silver behenate. A possible low-angle X-ray diffraction calibration standard". Powder Diffraction. 10 (2):
Silver_behenate
Chemical compound
"Structure of β-trimyristin and β-tristearin from high-resolution X-ray powder diffraction data". Acta Crystallographica Section B. 57 (3): 372–377. doi:10
Stearin
Type of crystal structure
transformation and oxidation of Sr2MnO3.5+x determined by in-situ neutron powder diffraction" (PDF). Solid State Sciences. 14 (1): 48–53. Bibcode:2012SSSci..14
Perovskite_(structure)
Class of chemical compounds
(March 1998). "Powder diffraction of [ Co ( NH 3 ) 5 CO 3 ] NO 3 ·1/2 H 2 O and [ Co ( NH 3 ) 4 CO 3 ] NO 3 ·1/2 H 2 O". Powder Diffraction. 13 (1): 32–34
Carbonate_nitrate
Device
nanoscale magnetic devices. Confocal microscopy Ion milling machine Powder diffraction Ultrafast x-ray X-ray crystallography X-ray scattering techniques
Focused_ion_beam
Chemical compound
"High-pressure phase of NaBH4: Crystal structure from synchrotron powder diffraction data". Phys. Rev. B. 76 (9) 092104. Bibcode:2007PhRvB..76i2104F. doi:10
Sodium_borohydride
Resistance of a material to uniform pressure
determine wave speeds. It is possible to measure the bulk modulus using powder diffraction under applied pressure or at elevated temperatures, as well as by
Bulk_modulus
Reduction of average diameter of a solid's particles
laser diffraction, standardized internationally by ISO 13320 and harmonized in the United States Pharmacopeia general chapter <429> Light Diffraction Measurement
Micronization
Repository for small molecule crystal structures
Centre for Diffraction Data. The data, typically obtained by X-ray crystallography and less frequently by electron diffraction or neutron diffraction, and submitted
Cambridge_Structural_Database
Phyllosilicate mineral
522–523. ISBN 047157452X. Ståhl, Kenny (1 January 1993). "A neutron powder diffraction study of partially dehydrated fluorapophyllite, KCa4Si8O20F•6.9H2O"
Apophyllite
Chemical compound
S. (15 October 1981). "Refinement of 2-nitroguanidine by neutron powder diffraction". Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and
Nitroguanidine
gauge. The various methods are derived from powder diffraction but look for the small shifts in the diffraction spectrum that indicate a change in a lattice
Strain_scanning
Tectosilicate mineral of the zeolite group
1997). "Dehydration dynamics of stilbite using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction". American Mineralogist. 82 (7–8): 729–739. Bibcode:1997AmMin..82
Stilbite
Concept in physics
Part 1. Early quantum theory, neutron powder diffraction and the coloured space groups". Powder Diffraction. 32 (2): 148–155. arXiv:1609.09666. Bibcode:2017PDiff
Magnetic_space_group
structure of parascorodite was determined using X-ray powder diffraction. Using the X-ray diffraction data (in the table below), the parascorodite unit cell
Parascorodite
Measuring instrument used to study the structure of a material using subatomic particles
diffractometer, depending on the research field (material sciences, powder diffraction, life sciences, structural biology, etc.) and the experimental environment
Diffractometer
k.a. powder diffraction): This type of scattering occurs when every crystalline orientation is represented equally in a powdered sample. Powder X-ray
Scattering from rough surfaces
Scattering_from_rough_surfaces
National laboratory in New York, United States
of matter. 6-ID: High Resolution Powder Diffraction (HRD) (under development) 27-ID: High Energy X-ray Diffraction (HEX) 28-ID-1: Pair Distribution Function
National Synchrotron Light Source II
National_Synchrotron_Light_Source_II
Chemical compound
"Structures of potassium, sodium and lithium bis(oxalato)borate salts from powder diffraction data". Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science. 59 (6):
Lithium_bis(oxalato)borate
Chemical compound
Cyclopentadienyllithium, -sodium, and -potassium. Determination by High-Resolution Powder Diffraction". Organometallics. 16 (17): 3855–3858. doi:10.1021/om9700122. Elschenbroich
Sodium_cyclopentadienide
Debye–Hückel equation Debye scattering equation Debye–Scherrer method, see Powder diffraction Debye–Scherrer rings, see Debye–Scherrer method Debye–Sears method
List of things named after Peter Debye
List_of_things_named_after_Peter_Debye
Chemical compound
material". Lonnberg, B; Lundstrom, T; Tellgren, R (1986). "A neutron powder diffraction study of Ta2C and W2C". Journal of the Less Common Metals. 120 (2):
Tantalum_carbide
POWDER DIFFRACTION
POWDER DIFFRACTION
Surname or Lastname
Scottish
Scottish : habitational name from a place so called near Kelso on the border with England. Early forms include Hadden, Hauden, and Halden; the place name is probably from Old English halh ‘nook’, ‘recess’ + denu ‘valley’.English : habitational name from a place in East Yorkshire, so named from Old Norse hǫfuð ‘head’ (replacing Old English hēafod) + Old English denu ‘valley’; the first element may have been used in the sense ‘principal’, ‘top’, or ‘end’.Americanized form of Norwegian Hovden.
Male
Swedish
Old Swedish form of Old Norse Oddr, ODDER means "point of a weapon."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a maker or seller of hoods, from a Middle English agent derivative of Old English hÅd (see Hood 1).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Loder.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from any of several places called Bowden or Bowdon. Bowden in Devon and Derbyshire and Bowdon in Cheshire are named with Old English boga ‘bow’ + dūn ‘hill’, i.e. ‘hill shaped like a bow’; one in Leicestershire (Bugedone in Domesday Book) comes, according to Ekwall, from the Old English personal name Būga (masculine) or Bucge (feminine) + dūn. There are also Scottish places of this name, but there are comparatively few bearers of the surname Bowden north of the border.English : habitational name from Bovingdon, Hertfordshire, so named with the Old English phrase būfan dūne ‘on, upon the hill’. The surname may also have arisen as a topographic name from the same phrase used independently, for someone who lived at the top of a hill.Irish : Anglicized form of Gaelic Ó Buadáin ‘descendant of Buadán’, an Old Irish personal name.
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : occupational name for the gatekeeper of a walled town or city, or the doorkeeper of a great house, castle, or monastery, from Middle English porter ‘doorkeeper’, ‘gatekeeper’ (Old French portier). The office often came with accommodation, lands, and other privileges for the bearer, and in some cases was hereditary, especially in the case of a royal castle. As an American surname, this has absorbed cognates and equivalents in other European languages, for example German Pförtner (see Fortner) and North German Poertner.English : occupational name for a man who carried loads for a living, especially one who used his own muscle power rather than a beast of burden or a wheeled vehicle. This sense is from Old French porteo(u)r (Late Latin portator, from portare ‘to carry or convey’).Dutch : occupational name from Middle Dutch portere ‘doorkeeper’. Compare 1.Dutch : status name for a freeman (burgher) of a seaport, Middle Dutch portere, modern Dutch poorter.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : adoption of the English or Dutch name in place of some Ashkenazic name of similar sound or meaning.
Male
English
English occupational surname transferred to forename use, PORTER means "doorkeeper."
Boy/Male
French, Hindu, Indian
Power Holder
Surname or Lastname
Irish (Leinster and Munster) and English (of Norman origin)
Irish (Leinster and Munster) and English (of Norman origin) : habitational name for someone from Pois, a place in Picardy (said to have been named with Old French pois ‘fish’ because of its well-stocked river), from Old French Pohier ‘native of Pois’.English : nickname for a poor man, or ironically for a miser, from Middle English, Old French povre, poure ‘poor’ (Latin pauper). Woulfe gives this also as the meaning of the Norman Irish name, which in early records is found as le Poer, believing it to be a nickname for someone who has taken a vow of poverty.
Surname or Lastname
English and Scottish
English and Scottish : habitational name from any of at least three places named Cowden. One in Northumbria occurs in 1286 as Colden and is derived from Old English col ‘(char)coal’ + denu ‘valley’; that in East Yorkshire occurs in Domesday Book as Coledun and is from Old English col + dūn ‘hill’; while one in Kent is recorded in 1160 as Cudena and is from Old English cū ‘cow’ + denn ‘pasture’. The last does not appear to have yielded any surnames; the surname is more or less restricted to northern England, and is also found in northern Ireland, where it may be of Scottish origin, from places called Cowden near Dollar and near Dalkeith, Lothian.
Surname or Lastname
German
German : topographic name for someone who lived by an elder tree, Middle High German holder, or from a house named for its sign of an elder tree. In same areas, for example Alsace, the elder tree was believed to be the protector of a house.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : ornamental name from German Holder ‘elder tree’.English (chiefly western counties) : occupational name for a tender of animals, from an agent derivative of Middle English hold(en) ‘to guard or keep’ (Old English h(e)aldan). It is possible that this word was also used in the wider sense of a holder of land within the feudal system. Compare Helder.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from a derivative of Middle English pedder ‘pannier’, hence a metonymic occupational name for a peddler or someone who carried a pannier. This name is now frequent in Australia.
Surname or Lastname
English (chiefly County Durham) and Scottish
English (chiefly County Durham) and Scottish : variant spelling of Louden.
Boy/Male
Shakespearean
Pericles, Prince of Tyre' A Pander.
Girl/Female
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Power of Supreme Wonder
Surname or Lastname
Scottish
Scottish : occupational name for a bow maker, Older Scots bowar, equivalent to English Bowyer.English and Scottish : from Middle English bur, bour ‘bower’, ‘cottage’, ‘inner room’ (Old English būr), hence a topographic name for someone who lived in a small cottage, an occupational name for a house servant who attended his master in his private quarters (see Bowerman), or a habitational name from any of various places, for example in Essex, named Bower or Bowers from this word.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from a Middle English personal name Godere, Old English GÅdhere, composed of the elements gÅd ‘good’ + here ‘army’.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Power.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : probably a variant spelling of Hodder.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone who lived at the edge of a village or by some other boundary, Middle English border, from Old French bordure ‘edge’.
POWDER DIFFRACTION
POWDER DIFFRACTION
Surname or Lastname
English
English : possibly a variant of Crist.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Servant of the All-thankful (Allah)
Girl/Female
Tamil
Put together, Joined, Union, Who wants good for every one
Female
Slavic
(Богдана) Feminine form of Slavic Bogdan, BOGDANA means "gift from God."Â
Boy/Male
Christian & English(British/American/Australian)
Son of Bailiff
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
God's Gift
Boy/Male
English American
Biblical Shadrach; one of three young Hebrew men who survived being cast into a fiery furnace.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Indian, Muslim
Fearless; Experienced Person; Companion of the Prophet
Girl/Female
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sindhi, Telugu, Traditional
Meditation
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Christian, Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Swedish, Swiss
Light; Torch; In Mythology the Abduction of Zeus's Mortal Daughter Helen Sparked the Trojan War; Bright One; Sun Ray; Shine One; Moon Elope
POWDER DIFFRACTION
POWDER DIFFRACTION
POWDER DIFFRACTION
POWDER DIFFRACTION
POWDER DIFFRACTION
n.
See Pouter.
v. t.
To play the pander for.
n.
A mechanical agent; that from which useful mechanical energy is derived; as, water power; steam power; hand power, etc.
a.
Resembling powder; consisting of powder.
v. t.
To sprinkle or cover with powder; to powder.
a.
Sprinkled or covered with powder; dusty; as, the powdery bloom on plums.
n.
A mower.
v. i.
To use powder on the hair or skin; as, she paints and powders.
n.
The product arising from the multiplication of a number into itself; as, a square is the second power, and a cube is third power, of a number.
v. t.
To make a border for; to furnish with a border, as for ornament; as, to border a garment or a garden.
n.
Capacity of undergoing or suffering; fitness to be acted upon; susceptibility; -- called also passive power; as, great power of endurance.
v. i.
To be reduced to powder; to become like powder; as, some salts powder easily.
v. t.
To reduce to fine particles; to pound, grind, or rub into a powder; to comminute; to pulverize; to triturate.
n.
Ability to act, regarded as latent or inherent; the faculty of doing or performing something; capacity for action or performance; capability of producing an effect, whether physical or moral: potency; might; as, a man of great power; the power of capillary attraction; money gives power.
n.
Ability, regarded as put forth or exerted; strength, force, or energy in action; as, the power of steam in moving an engine; the power of truth, or of argument, in producing conviction; the power of enthusiasm.
n.
A large quantity; a great number; as, a power o/ good things.
a.
Easily crumbling to pieces; friable; loose; as, a powdery spar.
n.
Hence, vested authority to act in a given case; as, the business was referred to a committee with power.
v. t.
To sprinkle with powder, or as with powder; to be sprinkle; as, to powder the hair.