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Mechanical device
A propeller speed reduction unit is a gearbox or a belt and pulley device used to reduce the output revolutions per minute (rpm) from the higher input
Propeller speed reduction unit
Propeller_speed_reduction_unit
Propeller with blades that can be rotated to control their pitch while in use
device which controls the propeller pitch and thus speed is called a propeller governor or constant speed unit. Reversible propellers are those where the pitch
Variable-pitch propeller (aeronautics)
Variable-pitch_propeller_(aeronautics)
Two-propeller design for improving low-airspeed maneuverability
contra-rotating propellers, or high-speed propellers, contra-rotating propellers are sometimes referred to as counter-rotating propellers, though the term
Contra-rotating_propellers
Aircraft propulsion component
variable pitch propeller is the constant-speed propeller. This is controlled by a hydraulic constant speed unit (CSU). It automatically adjusts the blade
Propeller_(aeronautics)
Engine designed for use in powered aircraft
engine, (see above), but the crankshaft is fixed to the airframe and the propeller is fixed to the engine case, so that the crankcase and cylinders rotate
Aircraft_engine
Propellers that rotate on opposite directions
Counter-rotating propellers (CRP) are propellers which turn in opposite directions to each other. They are used on some twin- and multi-engine propeller-driven
Counter-rotating_propellers
Alternative vehicle power source
also be started manually by pulling a cable). After the Riedel unit has reached a speed of about 300 rpm, it automatically engages the compressor shaft
Auxiliary_power_unit
Type of gearbox used on jet engines
constant-speed drive (CSD), also known as a constant speed generator, is a type of transmission that takes an input shaft rotating at a wide range of speeds,
Constant-speed_drive
Measure of engine efficiency
the rated pressure and speed. In electronics, volumetric efficiency quantifies the performance of some electronic function per unit volume, usually in as
Volumetric_efficiency
Type of aircraft propeller
reduces propeller efficiency at high rotational speed which, in turn, reduces power transmission from the aircraft's engine. In the case of a propeller, this
Scimitar_propeller
Gas turbine used to spin a shaft
The power section consists of additional stages of turbines, a gear reduction system, and the shaft output. The gas generator creates the hot expanding
Turboshaft
Turboshaft with power from independent exhaust
to land in the Severn Estuary. A failure in the Bristol Proteus propeller reduction gearbox led to an overspeed and release of the power turbine of Nº3
Free-turbine_turboshaft
Turbine engine driving an aircraft propeller
is a gas-turbine engine that drives an aircraft propeller. A turboprop consists of an intake, reduction gearbox, compressor, combustor, turbine, and a
Turboprop
of British engines. Aircraft fitted with variable-pitch propellers or constant speed propellers are started in fine pitch to reduce air loads and current
Aircraft_engine_starting
Aircraft propulsion system efficient at a range of speeds higher and lower than sound's
low speed or low Isp at high speed. It is in some respects similar to turbo-electric marine engines that allow propellers to turn at a different speed than
Variable_cycle_engine
Volume swept by all of the pistons
indicator of the power (through mean effective pressure and rotational speed) an engine might be capable of producing and the amount of fuel it should
Engine_displacement
Piston engine starting system
efficiency Propellers Components Propeller governor Propeller speed reduction unit Spinner Terminology Autofeather Blade pitch Constant-speed Contra-rotating
Coffman_engine_starter
Medium to transfer power in hydraulic machinery
pumps; should all the engines fail in flight the pilot will deploy a propeller-driven electric generator called a Ram-Air Turbine (RAT) which is concealed
Hydraulic_fluid
Robust aircraft electronic recording device
conversation of the pilots. The two devices may be combined into a single unit. Together, the FDR and CVR document the aircraft's flight history, which
Flight_recorder
Pressure difference generated in petrol engines
Motivated by government regulations mandating reduction of fuel consumption (in the USA) or reduction of carbon dioxide emissions (in Europe), passenger
Manifold_vacuum
Device used to start an internal combustion engine
Ford vehicles from 1973 through 1990, when a gear-reduction unit conceptually similar to the Chrysler unit replaced it. A variant on the electric starter
Starter_(engine)
Part of an engine's ignition system
electricity to a higher voltage (with the trade-off being a corresponding reduction in the output current). As the points begin to open, point spacing is
Ignition_magneto
1930s British piston aircraft engine
the incorporation of the camshaft and magneto drives into the propeller speed reduction unit at the front of the engine, rather than using a separate system
Rolls-Royce_Griffon
Airbreathing jet engine designed to provide thrust by driving a fan
cooling for the Pratt & Whitney J58. Propeller engines are most efficient for low speeds, turbojet engines for high speeds, and turbofan engines between the
Turbofan
Power source for starting large engines
starter/generator) at speeds above which the engine no longer requires starter assistance. Index of aviation articles Air Start Unit AVPIN - A monofuel used
Air-start_system
Angle of a blade in a fluid
an aircraft to be designed with a variable-pitch propeller, to give maximum thrust over a larger speed range. A fine pitch would be used during take-off
Blade_pitch
25-500-kW internal combustion engine, typically Brayton cycle-type
than a heavy gas turbine because the reduction of turbine diameters causes an increase in shaft rotational speed. Heavy gas-turbine generators are too
Microturbine
Reciprocating engine with a rotating crankcase
rotate as a unit relative to the crankshaft. In the most common form, the crankshaft was fixed solidly to the airframe, and the propeller was bolted to
Rotary_engine
Type of internal combustion engine
influenced by induction system restriction, is also affected by engine speed and atmospheric pressure, the latter of which decreases as the operating
Naturally_aspirated_engine
Aircraft component
spinner is an aircraft component, a streamlined fairing fitted over a propeller hub or at the centre of a turbofan engine. Spinners both make the aircraft
Spinner_(aeronautics)
Instruments used to control an aircraft engine
propeller speed instead of the pitch angle. Once the pilot has set the desired propeller speed, the propeller governor maintains that propeller speed
Aircraft_engine_controls
Machine component used to compress or contain expanding fluids in a cylinder
P.E. (1967). Two-Stroke Power Units. Newnes. Ricardo, Harry (1922). The Internal Combustion Engine. Vol. I: Slow-Speed Engines (1st ed.). London: Blackie
Piston
Devices in automobiles to charge the battery and power the electrical system
Automotive alternators are usually belt-driven at 2–3 times crankshaft speed, speeds that could cause a commutator to fly apart in a generator. The alternator
Alternator_(automotive)
Shock-induced combustion ramjet engine
engine funnels a mixture of air and fuel at hypersonic speeds (more than five times the speed of sound) toward a ramp, which creates a shock wave. This
Shcramjet
Crankshaft section where connecting rods are attached
efficiency Propellers Components Propeller governor Propeller speed reduction unit Spinner Terminology Autofeather Blade pitch Constant-speed Contra-rotating
Crankpin
Combustion engine block tube in which a piston operates
efficiency Propellers Components Propeller governor Propeller speed reduction unit Spinner Terminology Autofeather Blade pitch Constant-speed Contra-rotating
Cylinder_(engine)
Mechanical component that converts rotational motion to reciprocal motion
valves), mechanically controlled ignition systems and early electric motor speed controllers. Camshafts in piston engines are usually made from steel or
Camshaft
Diameter of a piston engine cylinder
whether an engine was designed for power at high engine speeds (rpm) or torque at lower engine speeds. The term "bore" can also be applied to the bore of
Bore_(engine)
Type of propeller
Patent 6619585 Helicopter single-blade rotor US Patent 5971322 - Propeller propulsion unit for aircraft in general https://web.archive.org/web/20070418051732/http://www
Single-blade_propeller
Aircraft engine that produces thrust by emitting a jet of gas
higher speed and greater fuel efficiency than piston and propeller aeroengines over long distances. A few air-breathing engines made for high-speed applications
Jet_engine
Temporary diversion of an aircraft engine's thrust
inadvertent use of thrust reversal in flight. Aircraft equipped with propellers may also have an operating mode for directing their thrust forwards for
Thrust_reversal
Avionics system developed by Airbus
Windmill restart Propellers Components Propeller governor Propeller speed reduction unit Principles Autofeather Blade pitch Constant-speed Contra-rotating
Electronic centralised aircraft monitor
Electronic_centralised_aircraft_monitor
Aircraft gas turbine function
formation of ice. The air then exits through small holes in the wing edge. On propeller-driven aircraft, it is common to use bleed air to inflate a rubber boot
Bleed_air
Air compressor for an internal combustion engine
pressure increase at all engine speeds, while dynamic superchargers cause the boost pressure to rise exponentially with engine speed (above a certain threshold)
Supercharger
Airbreathing jet engine which is typically used in aircraft
longer, engine. By replacing the propeller used on piston engines with a high speed jet of exhaust, higher aircraft speeds were attainable.[citation needed]
Turbojet
Gas turbine phenomenon
an increased exhaust gas temperature, an increase in rotor speed due to the large reduction in work done by the stalled compressor and — in the case of
Compressor_stall
Gas turbine gearbox
outer and shorter of the two concentric shafts. This shaft comes up to speed more quickly when the engine is started. The drive and accessory gearboxes
Accessory_drive
Combustion engine using an eccentric rotary design
propeller speed reduction unit to maintain propellers within the designed speed range. Experimental aircraft with Wankel engines use propeller speed reduction
Wankel_engine
Control of engine power
not reflect in a change of RPM, depending on the propeller installation (fixed-pitch or constant speed). Some modern internal combustion engines do not
Throttle
Component of internal combustion engines which mixes air and fuel in a controlled ratio
pressure reduction in the air flow tends to be proportional to the square of the intake airspeed, and the fuel in the main jets will obtain a speed as the
Carburetor
Oscillating lever in engine
contact point between the rocker and the valve. These allow higher engine speeds (RPMs) and higher loads, and were initially confined to high-performance
Rocker_arm
Type of engine issue in aviation
(starter-assisted restart) in order for the compressor to achieve sufficient rotational speed for successful ignition. For example, the Airbus A320 passenger jet has
Flameout
Type of aircraft engine
advanced, curved propeller blades without a duct. Propfans first started prototype testing in the 1970s, aiming to combine the speed capability of turbofans
Propfan
Internal combustion engine part that circulates engine oil under pressure
driven by mechanical geartrains linked to the crankshaft. Reducing pump speed is beneficial and so it is common to drive the pump via the camshaft (if
Oil pump (internal combustion engine)
Oil_pump_(internal_combustion_engine)
Exhaust-powered forced-induction device for engines
gas flow through the turbine section, and the turbine itself can spin at speeds of up to 250,000 rpm. Some turbocharger designs are available with multiple
Turbocharger
Turbojet engine component
Scaled Composites. Concorde flew long distances at supersonic speeds. Sustained high speeds would be impossible with the high fuel consumption of afterburner
Afterburner
Component of an internal combustion engine
single cylinder can be changed instead of a larger, much more expensive unit fitting all the cylinders. Such a design also allows engine manufacturers
Cylinder_head
Device that converts other energy to electrical energy
batteries. A small propeller, wind turbine or turbine is connected to a low-power generator to supply currents at typical wind or cruising speeds. Recreational
Electric_generator
Mechanism for converting reciprocating motion to rotation
bearings is determined based on the overall load factor and the maximum engine speed. Crankshafts in diesel engines often use a main bearing between every cylinder
Crankshaft
Aircraft cockpit with electronic displays
traditional mechanical gauges retained for airspeed, altitude, vertical speed, and engine performance. The Boeing 757 and 767 (-200 and -300) introduced
Glass_cockpit
Heat engine using reciprocating pistons
efficiency Propellers Components Propeller governor Propeller speed reduction unit Spinner Terminology Autofeather Blade pitch Constant-speed Contra-rotating
Reciprocating_engine
Engine where combustion is pulsed instead of continuous
use of the pulsejet engine, with the volume production of the Argus As 014 unit (the first pulsejet engine ever in volume production), was for use with the
Pulsejet
Heat exchanger used to cool a gas after compression
stage of the turbocharging/supercharging, such as in the JCB Dieselmax land speed record racing car. Some aircraft engines also use an intercooler for each
Intercooler
Jet engine where combustion takes place in supersonic airflow
in supersonic airflow. As in ramjets, a scramjet relies on high vehicle speed to compress the incoming air forcefully before combustion (hence ramjet)
Scramjet
Phase of an engine piston's travel
efficiency Propellers Components Propeller governor Propeller speed reduction unit Spinner Terminology Autofeather Blade pitch Constant-speed Contra-rotating
Stroke_(engine)
Proportion of ducted compared to combusted air in a turbofan engine
fuel per unit of thrust in kN using SI units). Lower fuel consumption that comes with high bypass ratios applies to turboprops, using a propeller rather
Bypass_ratio
Engine ignition system
(IDI) systems, making the ignition system more suitable for high engine speeds (for small engines, racing engines and rotary engines). The capacitive-discharge
Capacitor_discharge_ignition
Machine for continuous flow gas compression
entry must decrease, thus implying a progressive reduction in stage pressure ratio through the unit. Hence the rear stage develops a significantly lower
Axial_compressor
Display system in an aircraft's cockpit which displays flight information electronically
flight, including calibrated airspeed, altitude, heading, attitude, vertical speed and yaw. The PFD is designed to improve a pilot's situational awareness
Electronic flight instrument system
Electronic_flight_instrument_system
Manual control of the thrust of an aircraft's engines from the cockpit
levers. Propeller engines including turboprop engines are "power producing", meaning they produce power which is converted into thrust by the propeller. Levers
Thrust_lever
Pin that holds connecting rod to piston head
and the pin 'floats' entirely on bearing surfaces. The average rubbing speed of each of the three bearings is halved and the load is shared across a
Gudgeon_pin
Internal combustion engine type
either tractor or pusher configuration without needing to change the propeller. These motors are compression ignition, so no ignition timing issues and
Two-stroke_engine
Type of aviation fuel
JP-8 are specified in MIL-DTL-83133H. Some synthetic jet fuels show a reduction in pollutants such as SOx, NOx, particulate matter, and sometimes carbon
Jet_fuel
De-icing mechanism in combustion engines
fixed-pitch propeller aircraft will show a decrease in engine RPM, and perhaps run rough, when carburetor ice has formed. However, a constant-speed propeller aircraft
Carburetor_heat
Supersonic atmospheric jet engine
provide air for combustion. Ramjets work most efficiently at supersonic speeds around Mach 3 (2,300 mph; 3,700 km/h) and can operate up to Mach 6 (4,600 mph;
Ramjet
Type of rocket engine
rocket to a speed of about 90 m/s, which allowed the rocket to reach an altitude of 450 m. In 2023 researchers announced a demonstration unit of a hybrid
Rotating_detonation_engine
Jet nozzle at the tip of some helicopter rotor blades
support the innovation would be developed. Propellers of the period were typically wood, whereas more recent propeller blades are typically composed of composite
Tip_jet
Valvetrain configuration
reduced inertia in OHC engines results in less valve float at higher engine speeds (RPM). A downside is that the system used to drive the camshaft (usually
Overhead_camshaft_engine
Type of piston engine valvetrain design
OHC engines, OHV engines have the following disadvantages: Limited engine speeds: Although OHV engines have simpler drive systems for the camshaft, there
Overhead_valve_engine
Internal combustion engine type
smog and other atmospheric pollutants. Reductions in efficiency may be counteracted with an engine control unit using lean burn techniques. In the United
Four-stroke_engine
Measure of an engine's capacity to do work
}{\text{cm}}^{-2}=1\;{\text{MPa}}} Power from MEP and crankshaft speed If we know the crankshaft speed, we can also determine the engine's power output from the
Mean_effective_pressure
External mixture preparation system for internal combustion engines
signal, the throttle position, and the crankshaft speed can then be used by the engine control unit to calculate the correct amount of fuel. In modern
Manifold_injection
System to limit ice on aircraft surfaces
speed, making a stall more likely to occur, causing the aircraft to lose altitude. Ice accumulates on helicopter rotor blades and aircraft propellers
Ice_protection_system
Device that generates sparks in internal combustion engines
fuel-air mixture may not be noticeable directly, but will show up as a reduction in the engine's power and fuel efficiency. Gap adjustment is not recommended
Spark_plug
Group of lights as a status indicator
efficiency Propellers Components Propeller governor Propeller speed reduction unit Spinner Terminology Autofeather Blade pitch Constant-speed Contra-rotating
Annunciator_panel
Internal combustion engine part
used a roller at the contact point with the camshaft, however as engine speeds increased, 'flat tappets' with plain ends became far more common than tappets
Tappet
Simplest known jet propulsion device
outward through both air masses as a compression wave. This wave moves at the speed of sound through both the intake and tailpipe air masses. (Because these
Valveless_pulsejet
Type of alert system on aircraft
includes instrumentation of various engine parameters, including for example speed of rotation, temperature values including exhaust gas temperature, fuel
Engine-indicating and crew-alerting system
Engine-indicating_and_crew-alerting_system
System that allows a pilot to control thrust without manually setting fuel flow
pilot selects a target speed which is slower than stall speed, the autothrottle system maintains a speed above the stall speed.[citation needed] In the
Autothrottle
Type of engine
they are widely used in general aviation aircraft and as auxiliary power units on larger aircraft. Their simplicity, in particular, also makes them common
Air-cooled_engine
slotted and wings are foldable. The engine features a custom propeller speed reduction unit that remained in limited production after Taylor production
Taylor_Bird
Valve mechanism for piston engines
the engine, achieving a 2:1 gear reduction ratio compared to the vertically oriented crankshaft's rotational speed. The same firm's "CD" series of model
Sleeve_valve
Engine feature
thrust, the propeller will go into a feathered mode to reduce drag. The auto feather system also allows pilots to reduce the drag of the propellers during
Autofeather
Timing of valve closing in engines
dissipating heat to the valve seats. Engines that always run at a relatively high speed, such as race car engines, will have considerable overlap in their valve
Valve_timing
Type of valve
automatic valves simplified the mechanism, but valve float limited the speed at which the engine could run, and by about 1905 mechanically operated inlet
Poppet_valve
Piston engine component which connects the piston to the crankshaft
as the piston moves upwards. These forces are proportional to the engine speed (RPM) squared. Failure of a connecting rod, often called "throwing a rod"
Connecting_rod
Instrument measuring the rotation speed of a shaft or disk
dial, the vehicle's tachometer is often marked with a second scale in units of speed. This scale is only accurate in a certain gear, but since many tractors
Tachometer
Brief description of components needed for jet engines
is a planetary reduction gearbox. The power from the LP turbine goes through the gears and the fan turns at only 1/3 the turbine speed, when used on the
Components_of_jet_engines
Automotive technology
dynamic and based on engine speed, whereas the pulse timing is static and dependent on the length of the intake runner and the speed of sound. The traditional
Inlet_manifold
Type of rocket engine
Stockton, Texas, the rockets achieved apogees of 26,000 ft (7,900 m) and speeds of about Mach 1.5. Small-scale aerospike engine development using a hybrid
Aerospike_engine
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PROPELLER SPEED-REDUCTION-UNIT
PROPELLER SPEED-REDUCTION-UNIT
PROPELLER SPEED-REDUCTION-UNIT
PROPELLER SPEED-REDUCTION-UNIT
PROPELLER SPEED-REDUCTION-UNIT
PROPELLER SPEED-REDUCTION-UNIT
PROPELLER SPEED-REDUCTION-UNIT
PROPELLER SPEED-REDUCTION-UNIT
PROPELLER SPEED-REDUCTION-UNIT
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