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Measure of efficiency in aerospace engineering
the propulsive efficiency is expressed as the proportion of the mechanical energy actually used to propel the aircraft. The propulsive efficiency is always
Propulsive_efficiency
Airbreathing jet engine designed to provide thrust by driving a fan
stages Overall efficiency thermal efficiency × propulsive efficiency Propulsive efficiency propulsive power/rate of production of propulsive kinetic energy
Turbofan
Aircraft class powered by jet propulsion engines
less-than-ideal efficiency of the propulsive mechanism, whether a propeller, a jet exhaust, or a fan. In addition, propulsive efficiency is greatly dependent
Jet_aircraft
Aircraft fuel efficiency
weight, and with improved engine brake-specific fuel consumption and propulsive efficiency or thrust-specific fuel consumption. Endurance and range can be
Fuel_economy_in_aircraft
Aircraft engine that produces thrust by emitting a jet of gas
In addition to propulsive efficiency, another factor is cycle efficiency; a jet engine is a form of heat engine. Heat engine efficiency is determined by
Jet_engine
Type of engine
the exhaust stops in space and has no kinetic energy; and the propulsive efficiency is 100% all the energy ends up in the vehicle (in principle such
Reaction_engine
Proportion of ducted compared to combusted air in a turbofan engine
unducted fan installations because their high propulsive efficiency gives them the overall efficiency characteristics of very high bypass turbofans.
Bypass_ratio
Turbine engine driving an aircraft propeller
Wayback Machine Prof. Z. S. Spakovszky. "11.5 Trends in thermal and propulsive efficiency" MIT turbines, 2002. Thermodynamics and Propulsion Hall, Nancy (2021)
Turboprop
Supersonic atmospheric jet engine
Aviation Week (6 February 1950). Aviation Week 1950-02-06. p. 22. "Propulsive Efficiency from an Energy Utilization Standpoint". The Cornell Engineer. 16
Ramjet
Airbreathing jet engine which is typically used in aircraft
higher aircraft speed approaches the exhaust jet speed increasing propulsive efficiency). Turbojet engines had a significant impact on commercial aviation
Turbojet
Form of electric spacecraft propulsion
(12–30 mi/s, Isp 2000–5000 s), and possess thrusts of 25–250 mN and a propulsive efficiency of 65–80%; experimental ion thrusters have achieved 100 kW (130 hp)
Ion_thruster
Turbojet engine component
heavier engine. However, it increases fuel consumption and decreases fuel efficiency, which limits its use to short periods. This aircraft application of "reheat"
Afterburner
Measurement indicator of fuel conversion
the bypass engine. The overall efficiency of the jet engine is thermal efficiency multiplied by propulsive efficiency ( η o = η t h η p r {\displaystyle
Jet_engine_performance
Ratio between the useful output and the input of a machine
original (PDF) on October 7, 2008. "11.5 Trends in thermal and propulsive efficiency". web.mit.edu. Retrieved 2016-10-26. Govindjee, What is photosynthesis
Energy_conversion_efficiency
Dimensionless number describing oscillating flow mechanisms
peak-to-peak oscillation amplitude. In animal flight or swimming, propulsive efficiency is high over a narrow range of Strouhal constants, generally peaking
Strouhal_number
Aircraft propulsion component
= propulsive power out shaft power in = thrust ⋅ axial speed resistance torque ⋅ rotational speed . {\displaystyle \eta ={\frac {\hbox{propulsive power
Propeller_(aeronautics)
Vehicle propelled by ejection of gases
huge amount of kinetic energy rearward. This phenomenon is termed propulsive efficiency ( η p {\displaystyle \eta _{p}} ). However, as speeds rise, the
Rocket
Geared turbofan engine produced beginning 2007
a variable-area fan nozzle (VAFN), which allows improvements in propulsive efficiency across a range of the flight envelope. However, the VAFN has since
Pratt_&_Whitney_PW1000G
Nozzle that converts the internal energy of a working gas into propulsive force
ejector is a nozzle that converts the internal energy of a working gas into propulsive force; it is the nozzle, which forms a jet, that separates a gas turbine
Propelling_nozzle
Medium to transfer power in hydraulic machinery
ratio (EPR) Flameout Jet engine performance Overall pressure ratio Propulsive efficiency Specific impulse Thrust Thrust lapse Thrust specific fuel consumption
Hydraulic_fluid
Family of molluscs
ISBN 0615194753. Neil, T. R.; Askew, G. N. (2018). "Swimming mechanics and propulsive efficiency in the chambered nautilus". Royal Society Open Science. 5 (2) 170467
Nautilus
Type of aircraft engine
54. OCLC 969306167. Kinney, Jeremy R. (2017). "4: The Quest for Propulsive Efficiency, 1976–1989" (PDF). The power for flight: NASA's contributions to
Propfan
Term used to collectively refer to the atmosphere and outer space
fuel efficiency, the jet engine airflow was divided into a core stream and a bypass stream with a lower velocity for better propulsive efficiency: the
Aerospace
Seventh letter in the Greek alphabet
symbol in: Thermodynamics, the efficiency of a Carnot heat engine, or packing fraction. Aeronautics, the propulsive efficiency, or percentage of chemical
Eta
Type of aviation fuel
ratio (EPR) Flameout Jet engine performance Overall pressure ratio Propulsive efficiency Specific impulse Thrust Thrust lapse Thrust specific fuel consumption
Jet_fuel
Gas turbine used to spin a shaft
ratio (EPR) Flameout Jet engine performance Overall pressure ratio Propulsive efficiency Specific impulse Thrust Thrust lapse Thrust specific fuel consumption
Turboshaft
Alternative vehicle power source
2022-03-20. Sinnet, Mike (2007). "Saving Fuel and enhancing operational efficiencies" (PDF). Boeing. Retrieved January 17, 2013. Ogando, Joseph, ed. (June
Auxiliary_power_unit
Piston engine starting system
ratio (EPR) Flameout Jet engine performance Overall pressure ratio Propulsive efficiency Specific impulse Thrust Thrust lapse Thrust specific fuel consumption
Coffman_engine_starter
Shock-induced combustion ramjet engine
combustion. Also, the shcramjet is believed to have a better overall propulsive performance than the scramjet at higher Mach numbers, especially above
Shcramjet
Jet engine where combustion takes place in supersonic airflow
calculation of any mass or efficiency changes in a vehicle is so great that slightly different assumptions for engine efficiency or mass can provide equally
Scramjet
Gas turbine phenomenon
between stalled and unstalled areas. Local stalls substantially reduce the efficiency of the compressor and increase the structural loads on the airfoils encountering
Compressor_stall
Engine where combustion is pulsed instead of continuous
and which can potentially give high compression and reasonably good efficiency. Russian inventor and retired artillery officer Nikolaj Afanasievich Teleshov
Pulsejet
Two-propeller design for improving low-airspeed maneuverability
contra-rotating systems were designed to be used at takeoff for maximum power and efficiency under such conditions, and allowing one of the propellers to be disabled
Contra-rotating_propellers
Type of rocket engine
aerospike engine is a type of rocket engine that maintains its aerodynamic efficiency across a wide range of altitudes. It belongs to the class of altitude
Aerospike_engine
Computer used for engine control in aerospace engineering
any engine control system is to allow the engine to perform at maximum efficiency for a given condition. Originally, engine control systems consisted of
FADEC
Engines placed along the wingspan of a plane
aircraft. The purpose is to improve the aircraft aerodynamic, propulsive or structural efficiency over an equivalent conventional design. Distributed propulsion
Distributed_propulsion
Robust aircraft electronic recording device
ratio (EPR) Flameout Jet engine performance Overall pressure ratio Propulsive efficiency Specific impulse Thrust Thrust lapse Thrust specific fuel consumption
Flight_recorder
Machine for continuous flow gas compression
compressors produce a continuous flow of compressed gas. They exhibit high efficiency and large mass flow rate in relation to the size of their cross-section
Axial_compressor
Type of engine issue in aviation
ratio (EPR) Flameout Jet engine performance Overall pressure ratio Propulsive efficiency Specific impulse Thrust Thrust lapse Thrust specific fuel consumption
Flameout
Propeller with blades that can be rotated to control their pitch while in use
conditions. A propeller with variable pitch can have a nearly constant efficiency over a range of airspeeds. A shallower angle of attack requires the least
Variable-pitch propeller (aeronautics)
Variable-pitch_propeller_(aeronautics)
Aircraft cockpit with electronic displays
in the total acceptance of electronic flight displays. The safety and efficiency of flights have been increased with improved pilot understanding of the
Glass_cockpit
25-500-kW internal combustion engine, typically Brayton cycle-type
can have a recuperator capturing waste heat to improve the compressor efficiency, an intercooler and reheat. They rotate at over 40,000 RPM and a common
Microturbine
Movement of an object through air
be achieved by generating aerodynamic lift associated with gliding or propulsive thrust, aerostatically using buoyancy, or by ballistic movement. Many
Flight
Type of spacecraft maneuver
Astronomy portal Spaceflight portal Bi-elliptic transfer Gravity assist Propulsive efficiency Robert B. Adams, Georgia A. Richardson (25 July 2010). Using the
Oberth_effect
Aircraft propulsion system efficient at a range of speeds higher and lower than sound's
third, directable air stream. This stream bypasses the core when fuel efficiency is required or through the core for greater power. Under the Versatile
Variable_cycle_engine
Aerofoil; individual component of a turbine disc
can cause fatigue failures. Higher temperatures lead to better cycle efficiency in a turbine, calling for a need for materials innovation that continually
Turbine_blade
Distance an aircraft can fly between takeoff and landing
To each flight velocity, there corresponds a particular value of propulsive efficiency η j {\displaystyle \eta _{j}} and specific fuel consumption c p
Range_(aeronautics)
Sub-class of turbomachinery
modern high-efficiency centrifugal compressors, the gas exiting the impeller is traveling near the speed of sound. Most modern high-efficiency impellers
Centrifugal_compressor
Device used to direct the flow of a fluid
produce thrust but an excessive speed difference wastes fuel (poor propulsive efficiency). Jet engines for subsonic flight use convergent nozzles with a
Nozzle
Planned class of Soviet battleships
with similarly shaped motor launches suggested that the hull's propulsive efficiency would be 1 knot (1.9 km/h; 1.2 mph) less than planned, and this
Sovetsky Soyuz-class battleship
Sovetsky_Soyuz-class_battleship
Type of rocket engine
conventional deflagrative combustion, potentially enabling increased fuel efficiency. Disadvantages include instability and noise.[citation needed] The basic
Rotating_detonation_engine
Power source for starting large engines
ratio (EPR) Flameout Jet engine performance Overall pressure ratio Propulsive efficiency Specific impulse Thrust Thrust lapse Thrust specific fuel consumption
Air-start_system
Soviet super heavy-lift launch vehicle (1965–1972)
000 kilogram·meters per second (166,440,000 slug·feet per second) Propulsive efficiency 12.14% 9.31% Earth departure stage S-IVB (burn 2) Block G Thrust
N1_(rocket)
Non-airbreathing engine used to propel a missile or vehicle
pressures are desirable for the best thermal efficiency. Nuclear thermal rockets are capable of higher efficiencies, but have low thrust, thanks to the low
Rocket_engine
ratio (EPR) Flameout Jet engine performance Overall pressure ratio Propulsive efficiency Specific impulse Thrust Thrust lapse Thrust specific fuel consumption
Aircraft_engine_starting
Naval testbed funded by the U.S. Navy's Office of Naval Research
AWJ-21, a propulsion concept with the goals of providing increased propulsive efficiency, reduced acoustic signature, and improved maneuverability over previous
Sea_Jet
Display system in an aircraft's cockpit which displays flight information electronically
ratio (EPR) Flameout Jet engine performance Overall pressure ratio Propulsive efficiency Specific impulse Thrust Thrust lapse Thrust specific fuel consumption
Electronic flight instrument system
Electronic_flight_instrument_system
Aircraft gas turbine function
electric generation is believed to provide a net improvement in engine efficiency, lower weight, and ease of maintenance. According to Boeing internal documents
Bleed_air
Animal feet with non-pathogenic interdigital webbing
webbed feet, with a broad distal end, is specialized to increase propulsive efficiency by affecting a larger mass of water over generating increased lift
Webbed_foot
Temporary diversion of an aircraft engine's thrust
ratio (EPR) Flameout Jet engine performance Overall pressure ratio Propulsive efficiency Specific impulse Thrust Thrust lapse Thrust specific fuel consumption
Thrust_reversal
Swimming stroke
affect propulsive efficiency. For example, position of fingers: "Most studies concluded that a small finger spread leads to increased propulsive forces
Front_crawl
Brief description of components needed for jet engines
combustion takes place at a higher pressure which increases combustion efficiency (lower fuel consumption). The air leaving the compressor is initially
Components_of_jet_engines
Chart showing compressor performance
interstage bleed. It was better known as an arrangement for better propulsive efficiency, a bypass engine. The Pratt & Whitney J58 used interstage overboard
Compressor_map
Avionics system developed by Airbus
ratio (EPR) Flameout Jet engine performance Overall pressure ratio Propulsive efficiency Specific impulse Thrust Thrust lapse Thrust specific fuel consumption
Electronic centralised aircraft monitor
Electronic_centralised_aircraft_monitor
Propellers that rotate on opposite directions
ratio (EPR) Flameout Jet engine performance Overall pressure ratio Propulsive efficiency Specific impulse Thrust Thrust lapse Thrust specific fuel consumption
Counter-rotating_propellers
Aircraft which use flapping movement of the wings to generate lift
lift of over 8 pounds, an average thrust of 0.88 pounds, and a propulsive efficiency of 54%. The wings were tested in a low-speed wind tunnel measuring
Ornithopter
Type of gearbox used on jet engines
ratio (EPR) Flameout Jet engine performance Overall pressure ratio Propulsive efficiency Specific impulse Thrust Thrust lapse Thrust specific fuel consumption
Constant-speed_drive
Jet nozzle at the tip of some helicopter rotor blades
ratio (EPR) Flameout Jet engine performance Overall pressure ratio Propulsive efficiency Specific impulse Thrust Thrust lapse Thrust specific fuel consumption
Tip_jet
Part of a jet engine where fuel is burned
improve their efficiency across the whole operating range; combustors tended to be highly efficient (>99%) at full power, but that efficiency dropped off
Combustor
System that allows a pilot to control thrust without manually setting fuel flow
ratio (EPR) Flameout Jet engine performance Overall pressure ratio Propulsive efficiency Specific impulse Thrust Thrust lapse Thrust specific fuel consumption
Autothrottle
Aircraft without any human pilot on board
are under development with the goal of improving aerodynamic and propulsive efficiency. For such complex power installations, battery elimination circuitry
Unmanned_aerial_vehicle
Mathematical process by William Froude
April 1878). "The Elementary Relation between Pitch, Slip, and Propulsive Efficiency". Inst. Naval Architects. 19: 47 – via HathiTrust. This fact, which
Blade_element_theory
Group of lights as a status indicator
ratio (EPR) Flameout Jet engine performance Overall pressure ratio Propulsive efficiency Specific impulse Thrust Thrust lapse Thrust specific fuel consumption
Annunciator_panel
Aircraft powered directly by electricity, with no other engine needed
in 2018, then will move the motors to the wingtips to increase propulsive efficiency and finally will install the high aspect ratio wing with 12 smaller
Electric_aircraft
Dimensionless ratio of thrust to weight of a propelled vehicle
{\text{hp}}{W}},} where η p {\displaystyle \eta _{\mathrm {p} }\;} is propulsive efficiency (typically 0.65 for wooden propellers, 0.75 metal fixed pitch and
Thrust-to-weight_ratio
Aircraft configuration utilizing two longitudinal booms for support of ancillary items
requiring either a very long driveshaft or jet pipe and thus reducing propulsive efficiency. The twin-boom configuration allows a much shorter and more efficient
Twin-boom_aircraft
Design, construction, use, and application of robots
amphibiously. It is calculated that when swimming, some fish can achieve a propulsive efficiency greater than 90%. Furthermore, they can accelerate and maneuver
Robotics
Variable Pitch Propeller
methods used to reduce thrust-specific fuel consumption is to improve propulsive efficiency. This involves reducing the effective jet velocity of the engine
Variable_pitch_fan
Hydrodynamics of screw propellers
\scriptstyle P'_{D}} ) is termed relative rotative efficiency. The overall propulsive efficiency (an extension of effective power ( P E {\displaystyle
Propeller_theory
Type of alert system on aircraft
ratio (EPR) Flameout Jet engine performance Overall pressure ratio Propulsive efficiency Specific impulse Thrust Thrust lapse Thrust specific fuel consumption
Engine-indicating and crew-alerting system
Engine-indicating_and_crew-alerting_system
Planned family of US military helicopters
configuration offers advantages in weight, drive train, and aerodynamic and propulsive efficiency. It has high speed, "robust" hover performance at altitude, higher
Future_Vertical_Lift
Layer of fluid in the immediate vicinity of a bounding surface
efficiency with an aft-mounted propulsor ingesting the slow fuselage boundary layer and re-energising the wake to reduce drag and improve propulsive efficiency
Boundary_layer
Canceled experimental NASA electric aircraft
configuration will move the motors to the wingtips to increase propulsive efficiency. Mod IV configuration will see the installation of the Xperimental
NASA_X-57_Maxwell
Adaptations of marine vertebrates to diving
other things being equal. Swimming efficiency also affects diving ability, as low drag and high propulsive efficiency requires less energy for the same
Physiology of underwater diving
Physiology_of_underwater_diving
that the maximum performance of piston engines was limited, as propulsive efficiency declined as blade tips approached the speed of sound. For engine
History_of_the_jet_engine
Proposed spacelaunch method
propellant itself. (This contrasts with chemical rockets where propulsive efficiency varies with the ratio of exhaust velocity to vehicle velocity at
Mass_driver
distributed boundary-layer ingestion and wake filling increase propulsive efficiency, while distributed vectored thrust provides substantial improvements
Propulsive_wing
French nuclear and conventional strike aircraft
100 ft/min) Wing loading: 410 kg/m2 (84 lb/sq ft) Thrust/weight: *Propulsive efficiency: 0.91 (non dimensional) Armament Hardpoints: 4× under-wing, 4× under
Dassault_Mirage_2000N/2000D
Super-dreadnought battleship class of the United States Navy
of the preceding class. However, it was discovered that greater propulsive efficiency of the reciprocating engine allowed a reduction in installed power
New_York-class_battleship
Class of mollusks
; Thompson, J. T.; Stewart, W.J. (2008). "Swimming dynamics and propulsive efficiency of squids throughout ontogeny". Integrative and Comparative Biology
Cephalopod
Turboshaft with power from independent exhaust
ratio (EPR) Flameout Jet engine performance Overall pressure ratio Propulsive efficiency Specific impulse Thrust Thrust lapse Thrust specific fuel consumption
Free-turbine_turboshaft
United States Coast Guard ship class
propellers (CPP), shaft lines, and Promas rudders, which offer increased propulsive efficiency and improved maneuverability. The Promas rudder, combined with the
Heritage-class_cutter
Type of jet engine
nozzle to produce a high speed propelling jet Turbojets have a low propulsive efficiency below about Mach 2[citation needed] and produce a lot of jet noise
Airbreathing_jet_engine
Simplest known jet propulsion device
could potentially allow much higher compression ratios, better fuel efficiencies, and greater thrust. Gluhareff Pressure Jet Pulse detonation engine Rotating
Valveless_pulsejet
Engine component
Most high-compression jet engine use axial compressors for their high efficiency. In the axial compressor the air flows parallel to the axis of rotation
Gas turbine engine compressors
Gas_turbine_engine_compressors
Calculation commonly applied to engines and mobile power sources
per volume Engine power – Power output of an engine Propulsive efficiency – Measure of efficiency in aerospace engineering Specific output – Measure of
Power-to-weight_ratio
Thin component or appendage attached to a larger body or structure
effective. It has been calculated that some fish can achieve a propulsive efficiency greater than 90%. Fish can accelerate and maneuver much more effectively
Fin
Type of propulsion for spacecraft
heat transfer from the propellant to the rest of the spacecraft, propulsive efficiency (kinetic energy of exhaust / total energy used) is very low compared
Pulsed_plasma_thruster
Angle of a blade in a fluid
January 2017. "Wind turbine blades that change pitch boost wind power efficiency". Machine Design. 2011-08-11. Retrieved 2019-05-10. "Power Control of
Blade_pitch
Marine propeller with a non-rotating nozzle
1931 and later Ludwig Kort (1934) demonstrated that an increase in propulsive efficiency could be achieved by surrounding the propeller with a foil-shaped
Ducted_propeller
PROPULSIVE EFFICIENCY
PROPULSIVE EFFICIENCY
Girl/Female
Tamil
Dakshhtha | தகà¯à®·à®¾à®¹à®¤à®¾
Efficiency, Care
Dakshhtha | தகà¯à®·à®¾à®¹à®¤à®¾
Girl/Female
Indian
Efficiency, Care
PROPULSIVE EFFICIENCY
PROPULSIVE EFFICIENCY
Boy/Male
Tamil
Lord Shiva
Girl/Female
Tamil
Beauty
Female
Irish
Irish form of English Olive, OILBHE means "olive tree."Â
Girl/Female
Australian, Christian, German, Greek, Kurdish, Latin, Polish
Renowned Protector; Pretty Rose; Form of Rosalind; Tender Horse; Horse Protection
Boy/Male
English Irish
Surname derived from a medieval given name.
Boy/Male
Arabic, French, Muslim
Water
Female
Thai/Siamese
Thai jewelry name SROY means "chain."
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
A Dwelling
Female
Dutch
MARLOESMarja Loes.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Desired; Wished for
PROPULSIVE EFFICIENCY
PROPULSIVE EFFICIENCY
PROPULSIVE EFFICIENCY
PROPULSIVE EFFICIENCY
PROPULSIVE EFFICIENCY
a.
Profuse; lavish; prodigal.
n.
An impelling act or movement.
superl.
Offensive to the sight; contrary to beauty; being of disagreeable or loathsome aspect; unsightly; repulsive; deformed.
n.
The act of driving forward; propulsion; -- opposed to suction or traction.
a.
Manifesting distaste or dislike; repulsive.
v. t.
To repel; to drive off or away.
a.
Not amiable; morose; ill-natured; repulsive.
n.
An instrument for exhibiting the repulsive action produced by light or heat in an exhausted vessel; a modification of the radoimeter.
n.
The act driving forward or away; the act or process of propelling; as, steam propulsion.
a.
Cold; forbidding; offensive; as, repulsive manners.
a.
Tending, or having power, to propel; driving on; urging.
a.
Unpleasant and repulsive to the sensibilities; austere; crabbed; morose; abusive; abusive; severe; rough.
a.
Propulsive.
a.
Causing or provoking hatred, repugnance, or disgust; offensive; disagreeable; repulsive; as, an odious sight; an odious smell.
n.
A spontaneously inflammable liquid, having a repulsive odor, and consisting of cacodyl and its oxidation products; -- called also Cadel's fuming liquid.
a.
Repulsive by itself; as, the idiorepulsive power of heat.
a.
Self-repelling.
v. i.
To have propulsive power; to propel; as, a gun or mortar carries well.
a.
Repulsive; driving back.
a.
Serving, or able, to repulse; repellent; as, a repulsive force.