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Appearing random but actually being generated by a deterministic, causal process
Chapter 8: Pseudorandom generators, pp. 284–348, and Appendix C.2: Pseudorandomness, pp. 490–493. Vadhan, S. P. (2012). "Pseudorandomness". Foundations
Pseudorandomness
Pseudo-random signal with characteristics similar to noise
length sequence Zadoff–Chu sequence Pseudorandom number generator Pseudorandomness White noise "Change Topic: Pseudorandom Noise (PRN) Expansion" (PDF). GPS
Pseudorandom_noise
Algorithm that generates an approximation of a random number sequence
generator Low-discrepancy sequence Pseudorandom binary sequence Pseudorandom noise Pseudorandomness Random number generation Random number generator attack Randomness
Pseudorandom_number_generator
Type of functions designed for being unsolvable by root-finding algorithms
cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator (CSPRNG) or cryptographic pseudorandom number generator (CPRNG) is a pseudorandom number generator (PRNG)
Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator
Cryptographically_secure_pseudorandom_number_generator
Creating sequence of numbers that cannot be predicted
so-called random number generations done by pseudorandom number generators (PRNGs), which generate pseudorandom numbers that are in fact predetermined—these
Random_number_generation
Formal concept in theoretical computer science and cryptography
cryptography, a pseudorandom generator (PRG) for a class of statistical tests is a deterministic procedure that maps a random seed to a longer pseudorandom string
Pseudorandom_generator
Value used to initialize a pseudo-random number generator
cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator or from a hardware random number generator. Map seed Salt (cryptography) Pseudorandomness Cryptographic nonce
Random_seed
Seemingly random, difficult to predict bit stream created by a deterministic algorithm
A pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS), pseudorandom binary code or pseudorandom bitstream is a binary sequence that, while generated with a deterministic
Pseudorandom_binary_sequence
Intelligence of machines
intelligent computing Outline of deep learning Outline of machine learning Pseudorandomness – Appearing random but actually being generated by a deterministic
Artificial_intelligence
Collection of efficiently-computable functions which emulate a random oracle
In cryptography, a pseudorandom function family, abbreviated PRF, is a collection of efficiently-computable functions which emulate a random oracle in
Pseudorandom_function_family
Graph obeys some properties of random graphs
definition of graph pseudorandomness, but there are many reasonable characterizations of pseudorandomness one can consider. Pseudorandom properties were first
Pseudorandom_graph
Cryptographic protocols for securing data in transit
specification. Major differences include: The MD5 and SHA-1 combination in the pseudorandom function (PRF) was replaced with SHA-256, with an option to use cipher
Transport_Layer_Security
Class of functions in cryptography
practical security failure. Modern ciphers are expected to have super pseudorandomness. That is, the cipher should be indistinguishable from a randomly chosen
Pseudorandom_permutation
The existence of pseudorandom generators is related to the existence of one-way functions
pseudorandom generators is related to the existence of one-way functions through a number of theorems, collectively referred to as the pseudorandom generator
Pseudorandom generator theorem
Pseudorandom_generator_theorem
Function that derives secret keys from a secret value
secret value such as a master key, a password, or a passphrase using a pseudorandom function (which typically uses a cryptographic hash function or block
Key_derivation_function
Apparent lack of pattern or predictability in events
Randomness intrinsically generated by the system. This is also called pseudorandomness, and is the kind used in pseudo-random number generators. There are
Randomness
Computer science concept
science, a pseudorandom generator for low-degree polynomials is an efficient procedure that maps a short truly random seed to a longer pseudorandom string
Pseudorandom generators for polynomials
Pseudorandom_generators_for_polynomials
algorithms are pseudorandom number generators. Cipher algorithms and cryptographic hashes can be used as very high-quality pseudorandom number generators
List of random number generators
List_of_random_number_generators
Type of symmetric key cipher
is a symmetric key cipher where plaintext digits are combined with a pseudorandom cipher digit stream (keystream). In a stream cipher, each plaintext digit
Stream_cipher
Applications of Analytic Number Theory: Complexity Lower Bounds and Pseudorandomness (first ed.), Birkhäuser Basel, ISBN 978-3-7643-6654-4 Goldreich, Oded
Naor–Reingold pseudorandom function
Naor–Reingold_pseudorandom_function
Function computed by two parties that emulates a random oracle
An oblivious pseudorandom function (OPRF) is a cryptographic function, similar to a keyed-hash function, but with the distinction that in an OPRF two parties
Oblivious pseudorandom function
Oblivious_pseudorandom_function
Numerical label used to identify a network interface in an IP network
blocks with different implied policies. The addresses include a 40-bit pseudorandom number that minimizes the risk of address collisions if sites merge or
IP_address
Method in cryptography
remember a truly random permutation. So the problem of FPE is to generate a pseudorandom permutation from a secret key, in such a way that the computation time
Format-preserving_encryption
In cryptography, the pseudorandom-function advantage (PRF advantage) of an algorithm on a pseudorandom function family is a measure of how effectively
PRF_advantage
Biblically themed, free and open-source operating system created by Terry A. Davis
stopwatch". The stopwatch is meant to act as an oracle that generates pseudorandom text, something Davis likened to a Ouija board and glossolalia. An example
TempleOS
Numerical integration process
Carlo method or Monte Carlo integration, which are based on sequences of pseudorandom numbers. Monte Carlo and quasi-Monte Carlo methods are stated in a similar
Quasi-Monte_Carlo_method
Topics referred to by the same term
online virtual community Well equidistributed long-period linear, a pseudorandom number generator Well (disambiguation) This disambiguation page lists
WELL
Algorithm for generating pseudo-randomized numbers
linear equation. The method represents one of the oldest and best-known pseudorandom number generator algorithms. The theory behind them is relatively easy
Linear_congruential_generator
Digital asset using a distributed ledger
Random number generation Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator (CSPRNG) Pseudorandom noise (PRN) Secure channel Insecure channel Subliminal
Cryptocurrency
Computer communications authentication algorithm
recovers a proof based guarantee since no known attacks compromise the pseudorandomness of the compression function, and it also helps explain the resistance-to-attack
HMAC
Uses of an apparent lack of pattern or predictability in events
(such as generating a "quote of the day") can use a looser standard of pseudorandomness. Unpredictable (by the humans involved) numbers (usually taken to be
Applications_of_randomness
Israeli computer scientist (born 1957)
under Shimon Even. Goldreich has contributed to the development of pseudorandomness, zero knowledge proofs, secure function evaluation, property testing
Oded_Goldreich
In cryptography, a pseudorandom ensemble is a family of variables meeting the following criteria: Let U = { U n } n ∈ N {\displaystyle U=\{U_{n}\}_{n\in
Pseudorandom_ensemble
Numbers obtained by adding the two previous ones
fact in the analysis of AVL trees. Fibonacci numbers are used by some pseudorandom number generators. Fibonacci numbers arise in the analysis of the Fibonacci
Fibonacci_sequence
Cryptography algorithm
cipher modes have stronger requirements, such as the IV must be random or pseudorandom. Some block ciphers have particular problems with certain initialization
Block cipher mode of operation
Block_cipher_mode_of_operation
Pseudorandom number generator file in Unix-like operating systems
special files that provide random numbers from a cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator (CSPRNG). The CSPRNG is seeded with entropy (a value
/dev/random
Theorem about prime numbers
from Goldston, Pintz, and Yıldırım's work on prime gaps. Once the pseudorandomness of the set is established, the transference principle may be applied
Green–Tao_theorem
Quality of a numerical sequence of having no recognizable patterns
necessarily imply "true" randomness, i.e., objective unpredictability. Pseudorandomness is sufficient for many uses, such as statistics, hence the name statistical
Statistical_randomness
Key derivation function based on an HMAC
it a fixed-length pseudorandom key, and then the second stage "expands" this key into several additional, independent pseudorandom keys as the output
HKDF
U.S. signals intelligence organization
which would allow NSA access to data encrypted by systems using that pseudorandom number generator (PRNG). This is now deemed to be plausible based on
National_Security_Agency
Password that can only be used once
knows (such as a PIN). OTP generation algorithms typically make use of pseudorandomness or randomness to generate a shared key or seed, and cryptographic hash
One-time_password
Key derivation function
published in 2017, recommends PBKDF2 for password hashing. PBKDF2 applies a pseudorandom function, such as hash-based message authentication code (HMAC), to the
PBKDF2
Process of converting plaintext to ciphertext
Random number generation Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator (CSPRNG) Pseudorandom noise (PRN) Secure channel Insecure channel Subliminal
Encryption
American theoretical computer scientist
computation, and especially pseudorandomness. He has written over 80 papers on topics including randomness extractors, pseudorandom generators, coding theory
David Zuckerman (computer scientist)
David_Zuckerman_(computer_scientist)
Hungarian and American mathematician and physicist (1903–1957)
"truly" random numbers was impractical, von Neumann developed a form of pseudorandomness, using the middle-square method. He justified this crude method as
John_von_Neumann
2015 password-based key derivation function
Random number generation Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator (CSPRNG) Pseudorandom noise (PRN) Secure channel Insecure channel Subliminal
Argon2
Random data used as an additional input to a hash function
practice, a salt is usually generated using a cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator (CSPRNG). CSPRNGs are designed to produce unpredictable
Salt_(cryptography)
Cryptographic primitives that involve lattices
Random number generation Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator (CSPRNG) Pseudorandom noise (PRN) Secure channel Insecure channel Subliminal
Lattice-based_cryptography
Surveillance strategy
Random number generation Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator (CSPRNG) Pseudorandom noise (PRN) Secure channel Insecure channel Subliminal
Harvest_now,_decrypt_later
Algorithms to produce pseudo-random numbers
kind of pseudorandom number generator that uses only an integer counter as its internal state. They are generally used for generating pseudorandom numbers
Counter-based random number generator
Counter-based_random_number_generator
Web security software
application-generated token variable across repeated HTTP requests to determine pseudorandomness predictability strength. Burp Comparer: Allows users to compare content
Burp_Suite
Japanese Mathematician and inventor of a pseudo-random number generator
principally known as the inventor of the Mersenne Twister, a widely used pseudorandom number generator. He is also the author of the CryptMT stream cipher
Makoto Matsumoto (mathematician)
Makoto_Matsumoto_(mathematician)
Used to count, measure, and label
applications, including in public-key cryptography, digital signature, pseudorandom number generation, signal processing, and filtering data for digital
Number
Any attack based on information gained from the implementation of a computer system
Random number generation Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator (CSPRNG) Pseudorandom noise (PRN) Secure channel Insecure channel Subliminal
Side-channel_attack
Prime pair of the form (p, 2p+1)
In number theory, a prime number p is a Sophie Germain prime if 2p + 1 is also prime. The number 2p + 1 associated with a Sophie Germain prime is called
Safe and Sophie Germain primes
Safe_and_Sophie_Germain_primes
Israeli computer scientist
for Computing Machinery in 2014 "For contributions to the study of pseudorandomness, derandomization, and cryptography." Reingold, Omer (2008), "Undirected
Omer_Reingold
Random number generator
function to produce a high-quality seed for a cryptographically-secure pseudorandom number generator (CSPRNG). From 1997 to 2001, SGI ran a website that
Lavarand
System in which no randomness is involved in determining its future states
relies on random choices. Generally, for such random choices, one uses a pseudorandom number generator, but one may also use some external physical process
Deterministic_system
Collection of C++ libraries
that provides support for tasks and structures such as linear algebra, pseudorandom number generation, multithreading, image processing, regular expressions
Boost_(C++_libraries)
Computer memory needed by an algorithm
is fed into the algorithm. This class also sees use in the field of pseudorandomness and derandomization, where researchers consider the open problem of
Space_complexity
}{nL_{1}^{2}(f) \over 2^{k}}{\Bigg \rceil }{\Bigg )}} A construction of a pseudorandom number generator was based on the BNS lower bound for the GIP function
Multiparty communication complexity
Multiparty_communication_complexity
American computer scientist
computational complexity theory and cryptography. He focuses on the topics of pseudorandomness and zero-knowledge proofs. His work on the zig-zag product, with Omer
Salil_Vadhan
Standard for the encryption of electronic data
Random number generation Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator (CSPRNG) Pseudorandom noise (PRN) Secure channel Insecure channel Subliminal
Advanced_Encryption_Standard
Generating pseudo-random numbers that follow a probability distribution
Non-uniform random variate generation or pseudo-random number sampling is the numerical practice of generating pseudo-random numbers (PRN) that follow
Non-uniform random variate generation
Non-uniform_random_variate_generation
Stream cipher
reported performance of around 4 cycles per byte. SEAL is actually a pseudorandom function family in that it can easily generate arbitrary portions of
SEAL_(cipher)
General-purpose programming language
graphical user interfaces, connecting to relational databases, generating pseudorandom numbers, arithmetic with arbitrary-precision decimals, manipulating regular
Python_(programming_language)
analysis Online algorithm Polynomial time approximation scheme Problem size Pseudorandom number generator Quantum algorithm Random-restart hill climbing Randomized
List of algorithm general topics
List_of_algorithm_general_topics
Type of substitution cipher
Random number generation Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator (CSPRNG) Pseudorandom noise (PRN) Secure channel Insecure channel Subliminal
Pigpen_cipher
Simple and widely known encryption technique
Random number generation Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator (CSPRNG) Pseudorandom noise (PRN) Secure channel Insecure channel Subliminal
Caesar_cipher
Application programming interface
using digital certificates. It also includes a cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator function: CryptGenRandom. CryptoAPI works with a number
Microsoft_CryptoAPI
Pseudorandom number generator
Blum Blum Shub (B.B.S.) is a pseudorandom number generator proposed in 1986 by Lenore Blum, Manuel Blum and Michael Shub that is derived from Michael O
Blum_Blum_Shub
Cryptography construction
cryptographically secure pseudorandom function, with Ki used as the seed, then 3 rounds are sufficient to make the block cipher a pseudorandom permutation, while
Feistel_cipher
Algorithm for encrypting and decrypting information
Random number generation Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator (CSPRNG) Pseudorandom noise (PRN) Secure channel Insecure channel Subliminal
Cipher
Method in which data is created algorithmically as opposed to manually
algorithm to generate a random, top-down maze for each game. Some games used pseudorandom number generators. These PRNGs were often used with predefined seed values
Procedural_generation
Mapping arbitrary data to fixed-size values
costly. For example, let n be significantly less than 2b. Consider a pseudorandom number generator function P(key) that is uniform on the interval [0,
Hash_function
Algorithm for shuffling a finite sequence
various ranges. Most random number generators, however — whether true or pseudorandom — will only directly provide numbers in a fixed range from 0 to RAND_MAX
Fisher–Yates_shuffle
Probability distribution
one, in order to encompass the entire sample space.) Then by using a pseudorandom number generator to generate samples uniformly between 0 and 1, one can
Binomial_distribution
Statistical fallacy
tendency to underestimate the likelihood of clusters appearing in random or pseudorandom datasets. The name comes from an anecdote about a person in Texas who
Texas_sharpshooter_fallacy
Pseudorandom number generator
The Mersenne Twister is a general-purpose pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) developed in 1997 by Makoto Matsumoto (松本 眞) and Takuji Nishimura (西村 拓士)
Mersenne_Twister
Practice and study of secure communication techniques
as stream ciphers by generating blocks of a keystream (in place of a Pseudorandom number generator) and applying an XOR operation to each bit of the plaintext
Cryptography
Form of global sensitivity analysis
distributed points inside the unit hypercube (strictly speaking these will be pseudorandom). In practice, it is common to substitute random sequences with low-discrepancy
Variance-based sensitivity analysis
Variance-based_sensitivity_analysis
Cryptographic hash function
for implementing digital signatures, message authentication codes, and pseudorandom number generators. The algorithm is public and is considered similar
SM3_(hash_function)
Positive integer of the form (2^(2^n))+1
interest in data encryption for this reason. This method produces only pseudorandom values, as after P − 1 repetitions, the sequence repeats. A poorly chosen
Fermat_number
Italian-American computer scientist (born 1954)
University. His research interests are cryptography, zero knowledge, pseudorandom generation, secure protocols, and mechanism design. Micali is best known
Silvio_Micali
Data evaluation test
ISBN 978-3-540-53433-4. Wang, Yongge (1999). "Linear Complexity versus Pseudorandomness: On Beth and Dai's Result". Advances in Cryptology - ASIACRYPT'99.
Randomness_test
Controversial pseudorandom number generator
Generator) is an algorithm that was presented as a cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator (CSPRNG) using methods in elliptic curve cryptography
Dual_EC_DRBG
Algorithm
(forward secrecy). When used with asymmetric ciphers for key transfer, pseudorandom key generators are nearly always used to generate the symmetric cipher
Symmetric-key_algorithm
Component of communications security
security include frequency hopping and spread spectrum where the required pseudorandom sequence generation is controlled by a cryptographic algorithm and key
Transmission_security
Notions of probabilistic convergence, applied to estimation and asymptotic analysis
number generation Suppose that a random number generator generates a pseudorandom floating point number between 0 and 1. Let random variable X represent
Convergence of random variables
Convergence_of_random_variables
Type of algorithm in computer science
players — even if the source code of the program is visible. The use of a pseudorandom number generator is often not sufficient to ensure that players are unable
Deterministic_algorithm
Public-key cryptosystem
instead return a random secret key in this event, or a secret key derived pseudorandomly from c ′ {\displaystyle c'} under the key s k {\displaystyle sk} ; this
Key_encapsulation_mechanism
Pseudorandom number generator
computer science, the middle-square method is a method of generating pseudorandom numbers. In practice it is a highly flawed method for many practical
Middle-square_method
Hash functions
SipHash is an add–rotate–xor (ARX) based family of pseudorandom functions created by Jean-Philippe Aumasson and Daniel J. Bernstein in 2012, in response
SipHash
Hash function that is suitable for use in cryptography
without the same security guarantees; for example, SHACAL, BEAR and LION. Pseudorandom number generators (PRNGs) can be built using hash functions. This is
Cryptographic_hash_function
Topics referred to by the same term
mathematics Programmed ribosomal frameshifting during mRNA translation Pseudorandom function family Pulse repetition frequency Polícia Rodoviária Federal
PRF
Concept in cryptography
consideration. Some hash-based signature schemes (such as XMSS with pseudorandom key generation) are forward secure, meaning that previous signatures
Hash-based_cryptography
Literature at the University of Arkansas 13 January 2011 Random and Pseudorandom Marcus du Sautoy, Professor of Mathematics at the University of Oxford
List of In Our Time programmes
List_of_In_Our_Time_programmes
Unix command to print a random message
fortune is a program that displays a pseudorandom message from a database of quotations. Early versions of the program appeared in Version 7 Unix in 1979
Fortune_(Unix)
English cryptanalyst (1917–1996)
Random number generation Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator (CSPRNG) Pseudorandom noise (PRN) Secure channel Insecure channel Subliminal
Joan_Clarke
System to specify locations on Earth
TomTom. What3words, a proprietary system that encodes GCS coordinates as pseudorandom sets of words by dividing the coordinates into three numbers and looking
Geographic_coordinate_system
PSEUDORANDOMNESS
PSEUDORANDOMNESS
PSEUDORANDOMNESS
PSEUDORANDOMNESS
Girl/Female
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Traditional
Preparing Perfume
Boy/Male
Indian
The protected one, The protector
Boy/Male
Bengali, Hindu, Indian
Sweet; Lovely
Boy/Male
American, British, English, Jamaican
From the Farm; By the Spring; Farm Near the Well; A Town by the River
Boy/Male
Teutonic
Strong advisor.
Boy/Male
Spanish
Man.
Boy/Male
Indian
Safety
Girl/Female
Tamil
Red stone
Girl/Female
English
Mistress; lady. Feminine of Cyril.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Merciful Lord Shiva, Compassionate
PSEUDORANDOMNESS
PSEUDORANDOMNESS
PSEUDORANDOMNESS
PSEUDORANDOMNESS
PSEUDORANDOMNESS