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Arrangement that creates a quadrupole field of some sort
A quadrupole or quadrapole is one of a sequence of configurations of things like electric charge or current, magnetic fields, or gravitational mass that
Quadrupole
Group of four magnets
Quadrupole magnets consist of a group of four magnets laid out so that in the planar multipole expansion of the field, the dipole terms cancel and where
Quadrupole_magnet
Type of mass spectrometer
In mass spectrometry, the quadrupole mass analyzer (or quadrupole mass filter) is a type of mass analyzer originally conceived by Nobel laureate Wolfgang
Quadrupole_mass_analyzer
Formula in general relativity
relativity, the quadrupole formula describes the gravitational waves that are emitted from a system of masses in terms of the (mass) quadrupole moment. The
Quadrupole_formula
Analytical technique based on determining mass to charge ratio of ions
mass spectrometers. The quadrupole mass filter is closely related to the quadrupole ion trap, particularly the linear quadrupole ion trap except that it
Mass_spectrometry
Quadrupole splitting is an example of a hyperfine interaction found in gamma-ray spectroscopy, in the circumstance where nuclei with a non-radially-symmetric
Quadrupole_splitting
Device for trapping charged particles
to trap ions without magnetic fields that was based on his work with quadrupole mass spectrometers. Ion traps were used in television receivers prior
Ion_trap
Type of mass spectrometer
A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (TQMS), is a tandem mass spectrometer consisting of two quadrupole mass analyzers in series, with a (non-mass-resolving)
Triple quadrupole mass spectrometer
Triple_quadrupole_mass_spectrometer
Chemical analysis technique
Nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy or NQR is a chemical analysis technique related to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Unlike NMR, NQR transitions
Nuclear_quadrupole_resonance
Type of mass spectrometry
instrumentation setups include triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (QqQ), multi-sector mass spectrometer, ion trap, quadrupole–time of flight (Q-TOF), Fourier
Tandem_mass_spectrometry
American instrument company
TQ-S micro 2016 Triple quadrupole Xevo TQD 2016 Triple quadrupole Xevo TQ-S 2014 Triple quadrupole SYNAPT G2-Si 2013 Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Ion-mobility
Waters_Corporation
described. A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with the final quadrupole replaced by a time-of-flight device is known as a quadrupole time-of-flight instrument
Hybrid_mass_spectrometer
Two circular coil device which creates a homogeneous magnetic field
A Helmholtz coil is a device for producing a region of nearly uniform magnetic field, named after the German physicist Hermann von Helmholtz. It consists
Helmholtz_coil
Converging particle beams using alternating field gradients
direction. However, iron "poles" of a cyclotron or two or more spaced quadrupole magnets (arranged in quadrature) can alternately focus horizontally and
Strong_focusing
Spectroscopic technique
electron densities (also called the chemical shift in older literature), quadrupole splitting due to atomic-scale electric field gradients; and magnetic splitting
Mössbauer_spectroscopy
Noncovalent molecular interaction
is an example of noncovalent bonding between a monopole (cation) and a quadrupole (π system). Bonding energies are significant, with solution-phase values
Cation–π_interaction
Linear accelerator component
A radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) is a linear accelerator component generally used at low beam energies, roughly 2 keV to 3 MeV. It is similar in layout
Radio-frequency_quadrupole
Solid consisting of discrete molecules
molecules together are van der Waals forces, dipole–dipole interactions, quadrupole interactions, π–π interactions, hydrogen bonding, halogen bonding, London
Molecular_solid
Method of mass spectrometry
detector. Quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QToF-MS) has a similar configuration to a tandem mass spectrometer with a mass-resolving quadrupole and
Time-of-flight mass spectrometry
Time-of-flight_mass_spectrometry
Mass cytometry application to quantify labeled cell targets
generated from environmental air and biological molecules are removed using a quadrupole mass analyzer. The remaining heavy ions from the antibody tags are quantified
CyTOF
Compound containing rings with delocalized pi electrons
enjoys favorable quadrupole/quadrupole interactions, as the positive quadrupole of one benzene ring interacts with the negative quadrupole of the other.
Aromatic_compound
Type of structure in atomic physics
field generated by the electrons and the energy of the nuclear electric quadrupole moment in the electric field gradient due to the distribution of charge
Hyperfine_structure
Spectroscopy of quantized rotational states of gases
the nuclear quadrupole moment and a function of F and J. where F = J + I, J + I − 1, …, |J − I|. Thus, observation of nuclear quadrupole splitting permits
Rotational_spectroscopy
Process of removing land mines
Explosives in landmines can also be detected directly using nuclear quadrupole resonance and neutron probes. Detection and removal of landmines is a
Demining
Unit of electric quadrupole moment
of electric quadrupole, named in honour of the chemical physicist A. David Buckingham who was the first to measure a molecular quadrupole moment. It is
Buckingham_(unit)
Analytical method
matrix background. The first quadrupole (Q1) is connected with a collision cell (Q2) and another quadrupole (Q3). Both quadrupoles can be used in scanning
Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Gas_chromatography–mass_spectrometry
Mass spectrometer company and brand, now owned by Danaher
product, introduced in 1979, was the TAGA (Trace Atmospheric Gas Analyzer) quadrupole mass spectrometer system, which used atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization
SCIEX
Topics referred to by the same term
production code QQQ Triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (QqQ), a mass spectrometer comprising three consecutive quadrupoles QQQ is the ticker symbol for
QQQ_(disambiguation)
Lens for charged particles
lens typically consists of several electromagnets arranged in a quadrupole (see quadrupole magnet), sextupole, or higher format; the electromagnetic coils
Magnetic_lens
Radiation description framework
Electric quadrupole ( x , t ) = − i c k 3 24 π e i k r − i ω t r n × Q ( n ) E Electric quadrupole ( x , t ) = Z 0 ( H Electric quadrupole × n ) {\displaystyle
Multipole_radiation
Mass spectrometry technique to induce fragmentation of selected ions in the gas phase
fragmentation in peptides. In a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer there are three quadrupoles. The first quadrupole termed "Q1" can act as a mass filter
Collision-induced dissociation
Collision-induced_dissociation
High-frequency collective excitation of atomic nuclei
dipole resonance (GDR) in photonuclear reactions, and in 1972 the giant quadrupole resonance (GQR) was discovered, and in 1977 the giant monopole resonance
Giant_resonance
reduces astigmatism of the beam by imposing a weak electric or magnetic quadrupole field on the electron beam. For early electron microscopes - between the
Stigmator
spectrometer. 1953 Wolfgang Paul and Helmut Steinwedel introduce the quadrupole mass filter. 1954 A. J. C. Nicholson (Australia) proposes a hydrogen transfer
History_of_mass_spectrometry
Nonlinear force experienced by a charged particle
thruster Quadrupole ion trap Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy as a source of high energy THz radiation in laser-induced air plasmas The quadrupole ion trap
Ponderomotive_force
Class of drugs
2-Benzylbenzimidazole Nitazene Analogs by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (LC-QQQ-MS)". Journal of Analytical Toxicology. 46 (3):
Nitazenes
Upgrade to the Large Hadron Collider at CERN
2025: Production of the new inner triplet quadrupole magnets. 2026: Replacement of the existing quadrupole magnets at the end of the nominal LHC running
High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider
High_Luminosity_Large_Hadron_Collider
Organic compound that consists only of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
quadrupole (QqQ) instrument, which is set to detect a predetermined precursor ion in the first quadrupole, a fragmented in the collision quadrupole,
Carbohydrate
Device for focusing charged particles
or rectangular tubes in series along an axis. The quadrupole lens consists of two single quadrupoles turned 90° with respect to each other. Let z be the
Electrostatic_lens
analysis of the quadrupole moments while the prolate spheroid shape of the nucleon arises from analysis of the intrinsic quadrupole moment. The simple
Shape_of_the_atomic_nucleus
opposing charges brought close together and a quadrupole to two dipoles brought together. A quadrupole field is shown in the lower figure on the right
Earth's_magnetic_field
is the quadrupole-quadrupole-quadrupole (Q-Q-Q) analyzer. The first quadrupole separates by mass, collisions take place in the second quadrupole, and the
Two-dimensional chromatography
Two-dimensional_chromatography
Property of a charged particle beam
vertical) can be obtained by varying the field strength of a quadrupole (or quadrupoles) upstream of a monitor (i.e., a wire or a screen). The properties
Beam_emittance
quadrupole trap system to enhance ion-molecule reactions, thus it can be used to study spectroscopy of stored ions. The LIT uses a set of quadrupole rods
Linear_ion_trap
American electrical engineer (1927–2022)
commercial quadrupole mass spectrometer in 1964. He then formed Finnigan Instruments Corporation to combine a computer system with a quadrupole mass spectrometer
Robert_E._Finnigan
Chemical bonding involving attraction between ions
objects of NQR nuclear quadrupole resonance and NMR nuclear magnetic resonance studies. Interactions between the nuclear quadrupole moments Q and the electric
Ionic_bonding
Measurement method in nuclear physics
quadrupole term: E Q = ∑ i j Q i j V i j {\displaystyle E_{Q}=\sum _{ij}Q_{ij}V_{ij}} ij=1;2;3 This can be written as a product of the quadrupole
Perturbed_angular_correlation
Techniques to control particle beam properties
cooling Laser cooling Radiation damping Buffer-gas cooling within RF quadrupoles Proceedings of Cern Accelerator School Workshop on Beam Cooling and related
Particle_beam_cooling
ICP-MS instrument, the SPECTROGREEN MS quadrupole mass spectrometer, marking the company’s entry into quadrupole mass spectrometry for ultra-trace elemental
SPECTRO Analytical Instruments
SPECTRO_Analytical_Instruments
E. N. (1989). "Optical pumping technique for measuring small nuclear quadrupole shifts in 1S(0) atoms and testing spatial isotropy". Physical Review A
Hughes–Drever_experiment
Type of particle accelerator
focusing principle in the early 1950s led to the installation of focusing quadrupole magnets inside the drift tubes, allowing for longer and thus more powerful
Linear_particle_accelerator
American theoretical condensed matter physicist
thesis advisor was Charles Kittel. Cohen thesis was "On Nuclear Electric Quadrupole Interactions in Crystals". Cohen joined the University of Chicago as an
Morrel_H._Cohen
Measurand in NMR spectroscopy
called dipolar coupling), the chemical shift anisotropy, or the electric quadrupole interaction. The resulting so-called residual anisotropic magnetic interactions
Residual_dipolar_coupling
Quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometer (Q-TOF)
Shotgun_proteomics
abundant, but has broader lines because of its larger nuclear spin and quadrupole. The range of chemical shifts is the same of both nuclei and lies within
Isotopes_of_lithium
Small mass spectrometer
and contamination monitoring in vacuum systems. When constructed as a quadrupole mass analyzer, there exist two implementations, utilizing either an open
Residual_gas_analyzer
Pettifer, Robert F.; Collins, Stephen P.; Laundy, David (2009). "Quadrupole transitions revealed by Borrmann spectroscopy". Nature. 454 (7201): 196–199
Borrmann_effect
German physicist (1913–1993)
December 1993) was a German physicist, who co-developed the non-magnetic quadrupole mass filter which laid the foundation for what is now called an ion trap
Wolfgang_Paul
Type of magnet
particles Quadrupole magnets are used to focus particle beams Sextupole magnets are used to correct for chromaticity introduced by quadrupole magnets The
Multipole_magnet
Particle accelerator at CERN, Switzerland
(see image), while an additional 392 quadrupole magnets are used to keep the beams focused, with stronger quadrupole magnets close to the intersection points
Large_Hadron_Collider
Higher-order interactions of magnetic moments of chemicals
1 + 1 {\displaystyle Y_{2}^{+2}=2Y_{1}^{+1}Y_{1}^{+1}} If so, a quadrupole-quadrupole interaction (see next section) can be considered as a two steps
Multipolar exchange interaction
Multipolar_exchange_interaction
Ionization technique used in mass spectrometry
paired with various mass spectrometers for data analysis, such as with a quadrupole mass analyzer, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, and more. In 1983
Fast_atom_bombardment
Velocity field as the gradient of a scalar function
{A}{r^{2}}}\sin 2\theta \,.} This is the flow field associated with a quadrupole. A line source or sink of strength Q {\displaystyle Q} ( Q > 0 {\displaystyle
Potential_flow
American scientific instrument manufacturer
lines: ICPMS systems, laboratory gas chromatography (GC), and GC-triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (originally designed by Bear Instruments and acquired
Bruker
Component
lattice' required to bend, steer and focus a charged particle beam. The quadrupole magnets used to focus and combine the beam have the unfortunate property
Sextupole_magnet
distortion, inverted pendulum, stability of a floating body, radio frequency quadrupole, and vibration in a medium with modulated density" This is a wide family
Mathieu_wavelet
Device for storing charged particles
storage of charged particles using a homogeneous magnetic field and a quadrupole electric field. It is mostly found in the physical sciences and related
Penning_trap
Russian experimental physicist (1925–2009)
with I.M. Kapchinsky, he invented the principle of the radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ), which revolutionized the acceleration of low-energy charged particle
Vladimir_Teplyakov
Topics referred to by the same term
glazing, a type of insulated glazing Quadrupel, a strong beer Quadripole Quadrupole This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Quadruple
Quadruple
Technique used in mass spectroscopy
Fenn's first electrospray ionization source coupled to a single quadrupole mass spectrometer
Electrospray_ionization
American physicist known for the discovery of Knight shift
The Los Angeles Times said that Knight "pioneered the use of electric quadrupole resonance and magnetic resonance as sensitive probes in studying structural
Walter_D._Knight
Type of particle accelerator
accelerators have been built to store very-low-energy particles, and quadrupole fields may be used to store (uncharged) neutrons; these are comparatively
Storage_ring
Experimental nuclear physics technique
strong electric quadrupole transitions. Moreover, it is the only experimental method in nuclear physics that is sensitive to electric quadrupole moments of
Coulomb_excitation
speak Dutch". Veltman initially developed the program to compute the quadrupole moment of the W boson, the computation of which involved "a monstrous
Schoonschip
American freestyle skier
performed the first quadruple somersault on skis. He did a triple twisting quadrupole back flip and did not wear a helmet. For nearly 20 years, no other skier
Frank_Bare_Jr.
Topics referred to by the same term
RFQ is the initialism for a number of things: Radio-frequency quadrupole, a particular setup of electrodes used as a mass analyzer or an element of a linear
RFQ
Force that acts between the protons and neutrons of atoms
to the discovery in 1939 that the deuteron also possessed an electric quadrupole moment. This electrical property of the deuteron had been interfering
Nuclear_force
Surface chemical analysis and imaging method
1970s, K. Wittmaack and C. Magee developed SIMS instruments equipped with quadrupole mass analyzers. Around the same time, A. Benninghoven introduced the method
Secondary-ion mass spectrometry
Secondary-ion_mass_spectrometry
Liquid and/or gas trapped within a crystal
84-million-year-old air bubble lies trapped in amber (fossilized tree sap). Using a quadrupole mass spectrometer, scientists can learn what the atmosphere was like when
Fluid_inclusion
Engineering statement about elasticity
moment of the load (with 0th being the net charge, 1st the dipole, 2nd the quadrupole) decays as 1 / r 2 − i {\displaystyle 1/r^{2-i}} over space, Saint-Venant's
Saint-Venant's_principle
Science fraudster
trap and ultra high performance liquid chromatography – ion mobility – quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry". Drug Testing and Analysis. 7 (9): 835–842
Eliezer_Masliah
Approximate solution to Einstein's field equations
approximation to the Kerr metric (which describes a rotating black hole) when the quadrupole moment is set as q = − a 2 a M 3 {\displaystyle q=-a^{2}aM^{3}} , which
Hartle–Thorne_metric
Academic journal
magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy and nuclear quadrupole resonance. Since 2021, its editor-in-chief has been Tatyana Polenova of
Journal_of_Magnetic_Resonance
Analytical Chemistry Technique
and also slightly greater than that of 13C. Additionally, the electric quadrupole moment (Q) of 11B is lower than that of 10B. Due to these reasons, 11B
Boron-11 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Boron-11_nuclear_magnetic_resonance_spectroscopy
Explosive device hidden in a body cavity of a person or animal
for detecting them using various physical principles, including nuclear quadrupole resonance. The BCB has a long history in science fiction writing and film
Body_cavity_bomb
Device that measures magnetism
Aust.-Synchrotron,-Quadrupole-Magnets-of-Linac,-14.06.2007
Magnetometer
Physical structures important for trapped ions
case of two ions confined in a linear Paul trap, an oscillating electric quadrupole field (in the radiofrequency regime) confines the ion to an orbit around
Coulomb_crystal
Stellar phenomenon
suggested to Matese and Whitmire (1983) a mechanism invoking changes in the quadrupole moment of one star with subsequent spin-orbit coupling. However, they
Applegate_mechanism
Measure of positive and negative charges
{\displaystyle {\tfrac {d}{R}}} (see Multipole expansion and Quadrupole § Electric quadrupole) expresses this potential as a series. V ( R ) = 1 4 π ε
Electric_dipole_moment
Proposed quantum computer implementation
standards-meeting compact trapped-ion quantum computer. The electrodynamic quadrupole ion trap now used in trapped-ion quantum computing research was invented
Trapped-ion_quantum_computer
American nuclear physicist (1944–2025)
largely on the Mossbauer Effect. In 1971, her thesis, "Measurements of Quadrupole-Moment Ratios of the First Excited 2+ states of 176, 178, and 180Hf using
Ruth_Howes
American scientist
University of Florida. He is best known for his work inventing the triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Yost received his BS degree in chemistry in 1974 from
Richard_Yost
Technique used to increase the number of structures a microchip may contain
from the interference of two or three beams along one direction, as in quadrupole or QUASAR illumination, are subject to significant rounding, particularly
Multiple_patterning
calculations. In modern facilities, most of the beam focusing is usually done by quadrupole magnets, using Strong focusing to enable smaller beam sizes and vacuum
Weak_focusing
Analytical chemistry technique
systems connected by MBI interfaces to LC columns were magnetic sector and quadrupole instruments. MBI interfaces for LC–MS allowed MS to be widely applied
Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
Liquid_chromatography–mass_spectrometry
Australian physical chemist
work in mass spectrometry and he is one of the inventors of the triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. "Professor Jim Morrison, Physical chemist". Interviews
Jim_Morrison_(chemist)
Force due to magnetic field
field can be expressed as a multipole expansion: A dipole field, plus a quadrupole field, plus an octopole field, etc. in the Ampèrian loop model, but this
Force_between_magnets
Rate of change of the electric field at an atomic nucleus
distribution and the other nuclei. The EFG couples with the nuclear electric quadrupole moment of quadrupolar nuclei (those with spin quantum number greater than
Electric_field_gradient
Laser that uses surface plasmon polaritons
nanolaser that can preserve its high mode quality by exploiting hybrid quadrupole plasmons as an optical feedback mechanism. The spaser is a proposed nanoscale
Spaser
Indian physicist
for his work on spectroscopy, his role in the development of Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR), and his long association with the physics laboratories
Kotcherlakota_Rangadhama_Rao
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