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Reduction of an object's density
Rarefaction is the reduction of an item's density, the opposite of compression. Like compression, which can travel in waves (sound waves, for instance)
Rarefaction
Technique to assess species richness
In ecology, rarefaction is a technique to assess species richness from the results of sampling. Rarefaction allows the calculation of species richness
Rarefaction_(ecology)
Test for the accuracy of computational fluid codes
the propagation speed of the various regions of the system. Namely the rarefaction wave, the contact discontinuity and the shock discontinuity. If this
Sod_shock_tube
Ancient Greek philosopher (c. 586 – c. 526 BC)
either rarefaction or condensation. Condensation would make the air denser, turning it into wind, clouds, water, earth, and finally stone. Rarefaction would
Anaximenes_of_Miletus
Musical instrument part
called a "rarefaction," and air rushes in to fill the rarefied region. Through this process, an alternating series of compression and rarefaction pulses
Soundboard_(music)
Mammals of the family Leporidae
putting less stress on bones are more prone to osteoporosis due to bone rarefaction. In rabbits, the more fibers in a muscle, the more resistant to fatigue
Rabbit
Single-reed woodwind instrument
creates a slight vacuum or rarefaction in the clarinet tube. This rarefaction wave travels back up the tube (image 2). The rarefaction is reflected off the
Clarinet
Product of large explosions in humid air
sufficiently humid air, the "negative phase" of the shock wave causes a rarefaction of the air surrounding the explosion but not of the air contained within
Condensation_cloud
Type of wave
compressional or compression waves, because they produce compression and rarefaction when travelling through a medium, and pressure waves, because they produce
Longitudinal_wave
Weather phenomenon involving electrostatic discharge
Koopman, David W. (November 1972). "Discharges Guided by Laser-Induced Rarefaction Channels". Physics of Fluids. 15 (11): 2077–2079. Bibcode:1972PhFl..
Lightning
Species of starfish
Mummified P. lincki for sale in Tanzania. Their sale contributes to the rarefaction of this species.
Protoreaster_lincki
French physicist and Nobel laureate (born 1944)
(see Kerr effect) and self-attenuating diffraction by ionization and rarefaction of a laser beam of terawatt intensities in the atmosphere creates "filaments"
Gérard_Mourou
Application of balanced forces which push inwards on an object
displaced in the wave's direction, resulting in areas of compression and rarefaction. When put under compression (or any other type of stress), every material
Compression_(physics)
English physicist (1818–1889)
1080/14786444308644766. "On the Changes of Temperature Produced by the Rarefaction and Condensation of Air". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London
James_Prescott_Joule
Phylum of worms
million species) have since been deprecated, estimates supported by rarefaction curves, together with the use of DNA barcoding and the increasing acknowledgment
Nematode
Wave which is an oscillation of matter
direction of the wave. It consists of multiple compressions and rarefactions. The rarefaction is the furthest distance apart in the longitudinal wave and
Mechanical_wave
Electronic manipulation of audio signals
waves—longitudinal waves which travel through air, consisting of compressions and rarefactions. The energy contained in audio signals or sound power level is typically
Audio_signal_processing
Book by Ahmad ibn Naqib al-Misri
Ishaq as-Shirazi, following the order of Shirazi's al-Muhadhdhab (The Rarefaction) and the conclusions of Nawawi's Minhaj at-Talibin (The Seeker's Road)
Reliance_of_the_Traveller
1997 studio album by Skeleton Crew
source library recorded in 1995 by Skeleton Crew. It was released by Rarefaction in 1997 in the United States on audio CD and CD-ROM for Macintosh and
Etymology_(album)
Audible vibration that travels via pressure waves in matter
through a medium and consists of medium variations (compressions and rarefactions), a formulation adopted for conceptual clarity and scientific precision
Sound
Areas of myelinated axons in the brain
occur with age include the development of leukoaraiosis, which is a rarefaction of the white matter that can be correlated with a variety of conditions
White_matter
Relation between gas pressure and volume
64, Boyle presents his data on the expansion of air: "A Table of the Rarefaction of the Air." The Boyle Papers BP 9, fol. 75v–76r. Archived 2009-11-22
Boyle's_law
Underground passage made for traffic
reflect at its open ends and change sign (compression wavefront changes to rarefaction wavefront and vice versa). When two wavefronts of the same sign meet
Tunnel
Smallest type of blood vessel
age-related macular degeneration. Reduced capillary density (capillary rarefaction) occurs in association with cardiovascular risk factors and in patients
Capillary
Philosophical origins and foundation of Western civilization
thought; a thing which is, moreover, cannot be more or less, and so the rarefaction and condensation of the Milesians is impossible regarding Being; lastly
Ancient_Greek_philosophy
{\displaystyle {\text{MI}}={\frac {P_{r}}{\sqrt {f_{c}}}},} where Pr is the peak rarefaction pressure of the ultrasound wave (MPa), derated by an attenuation factor
Mechanical_index
Structure collecting an engine's exhaust outlets
are also resonance tuned, to utilize the low-pressure reflected wave rarefaction pulse which can help scavenging the combustion chamber during valve overlap
Exhaust_manifold
Rapid decrease in Earth's biodiversity
paleontologists opt to assess diversity trends by randomized sampling and rarefaction of fossil abundances rather than raw temporal range data, in order to
Extinction_event
Simplest known jet propulsion device
compression wave reaches the open end of either tube, a low pressure rarefaction wave starts back in the opposite direction, as if "reflected" by the
Valveless_pulsejet
Method for reducing unwanted sound
pressure wave, which consists of alternating periods of compression and rarefaction. A noise-cancellation speaker emits a sound wave with the same amplitude
Active_noise_control
Concept in explosives engineering
at a constant velocity, undisturbed by the expansion of gases in the rarefaction region beyond the CJ plane. This simple one-dimensional model is quite
Chapman–Jouguet_condition
Ancient Greek city in Asia-Minor
through rarefaction and condensation: “Anaximenes… declared that air is the underlying principle and that all the rest come to be from it by rarefaction and
Miletus
Non-airbreathing engine used to propel a missile or vehicle
moment of greatest rarefaction, the vibration is encouraged. On the other hand, if heat be given at the moment of greatest rarefaction, or abstracted at
Rocket_engine
When an object takes in energy from sound waves instead of reflecting them
rarefaction exhibits hysteresis of pressure waves in most materials which is a function of frequency, so for every compression there is a rarefaction
Absorption_(acoustics)
Device producing a high-temperature explosion
gases cool and pressure drops sharply, leading to a partial vacuum. This rarefaction effect has given rise to the term "vacuum bomb". Piston-type afterburning[clarification
Thermobaric_weapon
2017 video game
enters Five Pebbles' infected, barely functioning complex, and takes the "rarefaction cell" which provides power. Without the cell, Pebbles accepts his eventual
Rain_World
Type of seismic wave
either pressure wave (as it is formed from alternating compressions and rarefactions) or primary wave (as it has high velocity and is therefore the first
P_wave
2006 Italian film
set out to explore the planet, solving the first major problem, the rarefaction of the atmosphere, with a simple order from Barbagli: “Breathe!” After
Fascisti_su_Marte
Species of mammal
forelimbs. Underuse of the rabbit's muscles leads to osteoporosis via bone rarefaction. The European rabbit lives in burrows known as warrens that contain social
European_rabbit
French mathematician
1704, he invented the U-tube manometer, a device capable of measuring rarefaction in gases. Projet d'une nouvelle mechanique (in French). Paris: Edme Martin
Pierre_Varignon
Cloud of debris and smoke from a large explosion
following the positive overpressure behind a shock front causes a sudden rarefaction of the surrounding medium. This low pressure region causes an adiabatic
Mushroom_cloud
Pressure exerted by circulating blood upon the walls of arteries
vasoactive agents. Reductions in capillary density, termed capillary rarefaction, may also contribute to increased resistance in some circumstances. In
Blood_pressure
Mathematical problem
Euler conservation equations because all properties, such as shocks and rarefaction waves, appear as characteristics in the solution. It also gives an exact
Riemann_problem
Partial differential equation
/t}}.} The N-wave solution comprises a compression wave followed by a rarefaction wave. A solution of this type is given by u ( x , t ) = x t [ 1 + 1 e
Burgers'_equation
Space that is empty of matter
transport system using vacuum or pressure to move containers in tubes Rarefaction – reduction of a medium's density Sous vide - a cooking technique which
Vacuum
Basic proposition or assumption
change and supported it with observation. Using two contrary processes of rarefaction and condensation (thinning or thickening), he explains how air is part
First_principle
Range of frequencies that can be heard by humans or other animals
canal and reach the eardrum (tympanic membrane). The compression and rarefaction of these waves set this thin membrane in motion, causing sympathetic
Hearing_range
the Earth lies on top of air. He said that all things are formed by rarefaction or condensation of the air. Ionian philosophy continued with Heraclitus
List of pre-Socratic philosophers
List_of_pre-Socratic_philosophers
Earth, a natural material
mound material, but this was unsustainable in the long-term because of rarefaction of termite mounds. Scientists experimented with adding bentonite, one
Soil
Supposition or system of ideas intended to explain something
about sound, light and heat have been reduced to wave compressions and rarefactions, electromagnetic waves, and molecular kinetic energy, respectively. These
Theory
High blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries
heart pressures, the hypertrophy becomes maladaptive with microvascular rarefaction, and fibrosis. These changes eventually culminate in right heart failure
Pulmonary arterial hypertension
Pulmonary_arterial_hypertension
Science of air vehicle orientation and control in three dimensions
there are three possible rarefaction grades and their corresponding motions are called: Continuum current (negligible rarefaction): M R e ≪ 1 {\displaystyle
Aircraft_flight_dynamics
Medical condition
abnormality Vanishing White Matter (VWM) Disease Increased white matter rarefaction Cystic degeneration Sparse dysmorphic astrocytes Scanty astogliosis Increased
Hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with spheroids
Hereditary_diffuse_leukoencephalopathy_with_spheroids
Greek Stoic philosopher (c.279–c.206 BC)
classical elements change into one another by a process of condensation and rarefaction. Fire first becomes solidified into air; then air into water; and lastly
Chrysippus
Study of how humans produce and perceive sounds
airflow from the lungs. Click consonants are articulated through the rarefaction of air using the tongue, followed by releasing the forward closure of
Phonetics
Local pressure deviation caused by a sound wave
Design. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-000-05044-8. this limit is reached when the rarefaction creates a vacuum, because you can't have a lower pressure than that.
Sound_pressure
Sound waves terms
one wave aligns with the trough of another, and the compressions and rarefactions of each wave neutralize each other. This occurs especially with improperly
Acoustic_short_circuit
Part of the eye; protective outer layer covering the sclera
Moore MA, Marr MC, Watts LE, Hutchins PM (November 1978). "Arteriolar rarefaction in the conjunctiva of human essential hypertensives". Microvascular Research
Conjunctiva
Structure and composition of the Moon
wave that radiates away from the point of entry. This is succeeded by a rarefaction wave, which is responsible for propelling most of the ejecta out of the
Geology_of_the_Moon
Narcotic effects of respiratory nitrogen
physiologiques et thérapeutiques sur les effets de la compression et de la raréfaction de l'air". Revue médicale française et étrangère: Journal des progrès
Nitrogen_narcosis
Collective excitation in a Fermi liquid
sound can no longer be thought of as a simple wave of compression and rarefaction, but rather a fluctuation in space and time of the quasiparticles' momentum
Zero_sound
Process to maintain internal air pressure in aircraft or spacecraft
syndrome Air cycle machine Atmosphere (unit) Compressed air Fume event Rarefaction Space suit Time of useful consciousness Brain, Marshall (April 12, 2011)
Cabin_pressurization
1968 jet fighter crash that killed the first man who went to space
to a height of 4 thousand metres, the clouds were dense, with small rarefaction. No clouds above the top edge: clear sky and very good visibility. We
Death_of_Yuri_Gagarin
5th-century BC Greek philosopher
being and the emptiness. Anaximenes had spoken of the condensation and rarefaction of his principle (13 A 7), actions that, in addition to generating movement
Parmenides
Atmospheric lapse rate measurement system
heights above the ground. This is possible because the compression and rarefaction of air by an acoustic wave changes the dielectric properties, producing
Radio acoustic sounding system
Radio_acoustic_sounding_system
Italian mathematician
maintains an anti-Aristotelian position that explains the condensation and rarefaction of air as the outcome of the motions of corpuscles having the shape of
Francesco_Eschinardi
American mathematician
Scientific career Fields Computer science Thesis Existence and Uniqueness of Rarefaction Waves (1965) Doctoral advisors Peter David Lax, Robert Davis Richtmyer
George_Logemann
Disorder of thought form, content or stream
investigated. Studies have found that glutamate dysfunction, due to a rarefaction of glutamatergic synapses in the superior temporal gyrus in patients
Thought_disorder
Type of low-frequency compressive wave
fluid and a magnetic field. They are associated with compression and rarefaction of both the fluid and the magnetic field, as well as with an effective
Magnetosonic_wave
the shock wave applies too great a force for too long, however, the rarefaction front that follows it can form voids in the material due to hydrostatic
Shock_hardening
Study of the propagation of sound in water
underwater consists of alternating compressions and rarefactions of the water. These compressions and rarefactions are detected by a receiver, such as the human
Underwater_acoustics
Consonantal sound
closed in two places: at the velum and at the front of the mouth. Air rarefaction in the intra-oral cavity is achieved mostly through tongue body lowering
Back-released_click
Method of hydrodynamics simulation
waves emanating from the discontinuity. Two waves, which can be shock or rarefaction wave, traveling with the smallest or largest wave speed. The middle wave
Smoothed-particle hydrodynamics
Smoothed-particle_hydrodynamics
Technique for solving hyperbolic partial differential equations
Characteristics may fail to cover part of the domain of the PDE. This is called a rarefaction, and indicates the solution typically exists only in a weak, i.e. integral
Method_of_characteristics
returned to a concrete material substance, air, which could be altered by rarefaction and condensation. He adduced common observations (the wine stealer) to
Science in classical antiquity
Science_in_classical_antiquity
Low-pressure voids formed in liquids
then rapidly collapse. Hence, inertial cavitation can occur even if the rarefaction in the liquid is insufficient for a Rayleigh-like void to occur. Ultrasonic
Cavitation
Diffractionless propagation of a light beam
self-focusing refraction and self-attenuating diffraction by ionization and rarefaction of a laser beam of terawatt intensities, created by chirped pulse amplification
Filament_propagation
Numerical method used to solve a Riemann problem
Leer-Contact) solver was introduced by Toro. It restores the missing rarefaction wave by using an estimation technique, such as linearisation. More advanced
Riemann_solver
Monte Carlo method
Knudsen number Kn is greater than 1). In supersonic and hypersonic flows rarefaction is characterized by Tsien's parameter, which is equivalent to the product
Direct_simulation_Monte_Carlo
rain or snow) rain gauge rain sensor rain shadow rainbow rainforest rarefaction RealClimate (commentary site on climate science) RealSky (digital photographic
Index_of_meteorology_articles
Concept in fluid dynamics
is driven by an increasing Knudsen number, which implies increasing rarefaction, and gradual failure of the continuum approximation. The first-order
No-slip_condition
Firearms manufacturing company
105mm MGS 2001–2003: Validated the US Army Benet Laboratories' RAVEN (RArefaction WaVE Gun) concept with the 35mm Demonstrator and the Ares designed and
Ares,_Inc.
Dimensionless number relating to mean free path of a particle
{\gamma \pi }{2}}}.} The Knudsen number can be used to determine the rarefaction of a flow: K n < 0.01 {\displaystyle \mathrm {Kn} <0.01} : Continuum
Knudsen_number
French mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher (1595–1649)
accounted for the lunar spots/sunspots as celestial matter condensations and rarefactions. Through the modifications, du Chevreul's depiction of the universe maintained
Jacques_du_Chevreul
Persian Shafi'i-Ash'ari scholar
al-Imam al-Shafi'i [ar] (Arabic: المهذب في فقه الإمام الشافعي, lit. 'The Rarefaction: on the Jurisprudence of Imam al-Shafi'i'), a comprehensive manual of
Abu_Ishaq_al-Shirazi
Medical diagnostic method
rarefaction) are better than those to alternating polarity. For some high intensity tone bursts, especially 500–1000 Hz, single (e.g., rarefaction) polarity
Bone conduction auditory brainstem response
Bone_conduction_auditory_brainstem_response
Noise generated by powered aircraft
aircraft including the jet engine or propeller causes compression and rarefaction of the air, producing motion of air molecules. This movement propagates
Aircraft_noise_pollution
Group of disorders of bone and cartilage development
pencil-like deformity and tapering of bones, cortical thinning and rarefaction, pathologic fractures at various degrees of healing, bone shortening
Osteochondrodysplasia
Branch of physics involving mechanical waves
Aristotle (384–322 BCE) understood that sound consisted of compressions and rarefactions of air which "falls upon and strikes the air which is next to it..."
Acoustics
pressure is back to normal, and a following decrease in air pressure called rarefaction. One complete cycle is produced when a drum is hit once with force. The
Sound_generator
Phenomenon seen in genetic studies
of loci being examined during the study. There are several types of rarefaction methods that can be used to estimate the size of a hard monitor species
Shadow_effect
Spanish Jesuit philosopher and theologian (1592–1667)
point of natural philosophy, such as the composition of the continuum, rarefaction, etc. and held many innovative views. Regarding the structure of the
Rodrigo_de_Arriaga
Non-invasive therapeutic technique
temperatures increase inside the bubbles. The ultimate collapse during the rarefaction phase is associated with a shock wave and jets that can mechanically
Focused_ultrasound
American evolutionary ecologist and biogeographer
Elizabeth L.; Ma, K. H.; Colwell, Robert K.; Ellison, Aaron M. (2014). "Rarefaction and extrapolation with Hill numbers: a framework for sampling and estimation
Robert_K._Colwell
Canadian paediatrician
prevents adult hypertension, vascular dysfunction, and microvascular rarefaction associated with in utero exposure to a low-protein diet". American Journal
Anne_Monique_Nuyt
Low-Density Gases
developed depending on the flow regime. In the slip flow regime, the gas rarefaction is moderate allowing to use a Navier-Stokes solver subject to the velocity
Rarefied_gas_dynamics
Species of crustacean
Panulirus versicolor is very commercially exploited, which has led to its rarefaction or even disappearance in many places; however, as its range is large
Panulirus_versicolor
Statistical dispersion in nominal distributions
categories whenever at least one group is missing from this subsample. The rarefaction curve, f n {\displaystyle f_{n}} is defined as: f n = E [ X n ] = K
Qualitative_variation
Neurological disease
while the white matter changes texture, becoming soft and gelatinous. Rarefaction of the white matter is seen through light microscopy and the small number
Leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter
Leukoencephalopathy_with_vanishing_white_matter
Type of wood used in musical instruments
especially cracking of the top. Some guitar manufacturers subject the wood to rarefaction, which mimics the natural aging process of tonewoods. Torrefaction is
Tonewood
RAREFACTION
RAREFACTION
RAREFACTION
RAREFACTION
Girl/Female
Arabic, French, Lebanese, Muslim
Joy; Delight; Happiness
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Body Strength
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Lord Krishna
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Friendly; Friend
Boy/Male
Tamil
Samndar
Girl/Female
Indian, Kannada, Traditional
Goddess Parvati
Girl/Female
Hebrew
Peace.
Male
Swedish
Latinized form of German Adolf, ADOLFUS means "noble wolf." Used by the Swedish.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained.possibly an altered form of German Stenger.
Male
Egyptian
, Khufu, first king of IVth dynasty.
RAREFACTION
RAREFACTION
RAREFACTION
RAREFACTION
RAREFACTION
n.
The science of measuring the air, including the doctrine of its pressure, elasticity, rarefaction, and condensation; pneumatics.
n.
The act or process of rarefying; the state of being rarefied; -- opposed to condensation; as, the rarefaction of air.
v. i.
To grow large or larger; to be further extended; to expand; as, a plant enlarges by growth; an estate enlarges by good management; a volume of air enlarges by rarefaction.
n.
The condition of rarefaction, or reduction of pressure below that of the atmosphere, in a vessel, as the condenser of a steam engine, which is nearly exhausted of air or steam, etc.; as, a vacuum of 26 inches of mercury, or 13 pounds per square inch.
n.
See Rarefaction.
n.
An instrument for measuring the degree of rarefaction of air contained in the receiver of an air pump.