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Rule of thumb for estimating a decompression schedule for a given set of breathing gases
Ratio decompression (usually referred to in abbreviated form as ratio deco) is a technique for calculating decompression schedules for scuba divers engaged
Ratio_decompression
Equipment used by divers to facilitate decompression
ambient pressures. Decompression obligation for a given dive profile must be calculated and monitored to ensure that the risk of decompression sickness is controlled
Decompression_equipment
Unplanned drop in the pressure of a sealed system
or fail to pressurize at all. Such decompression may be classed as explosive, rapid, or slow: Explosive decompression (ED) is violent and too fast for air
Uncontrolled_decompression
Decompression model developed by John Scott Haldane
Haldane's decompression model is a mathematical model for decompression to sea level atmospheric pressure of divers breathing compressed air at ambient
Haldane's_decompression_model
Techniques and procedures for safe decompression of divers
prevent or minimize decompression sickness, divers must properly plan, conduct, and monitor decompression. Divers follow a decompression model to allow the
Decompression_practice
Mathematical model of tissue inert gas uptake and release with pressure change
sets are used to create decompression tables and in personal dive computers to compute no-decompression limits and decompression schedules for dives in
Bühlmann decompression algorithm
Bühlmann_decompression_algorithm
Theoretical modelling of decompression physiology
to provide acceptable safety from decompression sickness in the shortest time spent decompressing, and decompression safety, or converely, risk, is measured
Decompression_theory
Disorder caused by dissolved gases forming bubbles in tissues
bubbles inside the body tissues during decompression. DCS most commonly occurs during or soon after a decompression ascent from underwater diving, but can
Decompression_sickness
Diving mode and decompression technique
time required for decompression to surface pressure will not increase with longer exposure. The diver undergoes a single decompression to surface pressure
Saturation_diving
Tabulated data to facilitate safe diving ascents
determine a decompression schedule that is acceptably safe for a given dive or other hyperbaric exposure profile and breathing gas. Decompression tables represent
Decompression_tables
Pressure reduction and its effects during ascent from depth
diver may decompress, depending on the dive profile and the mode of diving used. These may be described as decompression modes. Decompression may be continuous
Decompression_(diving)
Death of bone tissue due to interruption of the blood supply
Most of the time surgery is eventually required and may include core decompression, osteotomy, bone grafts, or joint replacement. About 15,000 cases occur
Avascular_necrosis
Hyperbaric pressure vessel for human occupancy used in diving operations
of long decompressions underwater, in cold or dangerous conditions. A decompression chamber may be used with a closed bell for decompression after bounce
Diving_chamber
American engineer, vintner, and former NASA astronaut
weights Weight belt Decompression equipment Decompression buoy Decompression chamber Decompression cylinder Decompression tables Decompression trapeze Dive computer
José_M._Hernández
Swimming underwater, breathing gas carried by the diver
depends on the level of decompression stress and the risk of symptomatic decompression developing. Symptomatic decompression illness may develop during
Scuba_diving
Copper helmet with rubberised canvas diving suit and weighted boots
position and speed to some extent. Decompression: During the ascent the diver was often required to do in-water decompression stops, which were usually done
Standard_diving_dress
Australian conservationist (1962–2006)
weights Weight belt Decompression equipment Decompression buoy Decompression chamber Decompression cylinder Decompression tables Decompression trapeze Dive computer
Steve_Irwin
Injury due to pressure difference between gas filled space and adjoining tissue
volume involved already exists prior to decompression. Barotrauma can occur during both compression and decompression events. Barotrauma generally manifests
Barotrauma
Special forces unit of the British Army
weights Weight belt Decompression equipment Decompression buoy Decompression chamber Decompression cylinder Decompression tables Decompression trapeze Dive computer
Special_Air_Service
2018 international rescue mission in Thailand
weights Weight belt Decompression equipment Decompression buoy Decompression chamber Decompression cylinder Decompression tables Decompression trapeze Dive computer
Tham_Luang_cave_rescue
Instrument to calculate decompression status in real time
A dive computer, personal decompression computer or decompression meter is a device used by an underwater diver to measure the elapsed time and depth
Dive_computer
English broadcaster and natural historian (born 1926)
and kayak diving Buddy diving buddy check Decompression Decompression practice Pyle stop Ratio decompression Dive briefing Dive log Dive planning Rule
David_Attenborough
German filmmaker (1902–2003)
weights Weight belt Decompression equipment Decompression buoy Decompression chamber Decompression cylinder Decompression tables Decompression trapeze Dive computer
Leni_Riefenstahl
Severely deficient supply of oxygen
weights Weight belt Decompression equipment Decompression buoy Decompression chamber Decompression cylinder Decompression tables Decompression trapeze Dive computer
Asphyxia
Facility for supporting saturation diving projects
time required for decompression to surface pressure will not increase with longer exposure. The diver undergoes a single decompression to surface pressure
Saturation_diving_system
Malicious archive file designed to disrupt the program or system reading it
In computing, a zip bomb, also known as a decompression bomb or zip of death (ZOD), is a form of algorithmic complexity attack that uses a malicious archive
Zip_bomb
French oceanographer and author (1910–1997)
and kayak diving Buddy diving buddy check Decompression Decompression practice Pyle stop Ratio decompression Dive briefing Dive log Dive planning Rule
Jacques_Cousteau
2006 animal encounter accident
weights Weight belt Decompression equipment Decompression buoy Decompression chamber Decompression cylinder Decompression tables Decompression trapeze Dive computer
Death_of_Steve_Irwin
Techniques requiring specific equipment and procedures
the decompression gases may be similar, or may include pure oxygen. Decompression procedures include in-water decompression or surface decompression in
Modes_of_underwater_diving
Organ system for circulating blood in animals
and kayak diving Buddy diving buddy check Decompression Decompression practice Pyle stop Ratio decompression Dive briefing Dive log Dive planning Rule
Circulatory_system
British science fiction writer (1917–2008)
and kayak diving Buddy diving buddy check Decompression Decompression practice Pyle stop Ratio decompression Dive briefing Dive log Dive planning Rule
Arthur_C._Clarke
British ocean liner (1907–1915)
and kayak diving Buddy diving buddy check Decompression Decompression practice Pyle stop Ratio decompression Dive briefing Dive log Dive planning Rule
RMS_Lusitania
Container to supply high pressure gas for diving operations
diving or as decompression gas. A diving cylinder may also be used to supply inflation gas for a dry suit, buoyancy compensator, decompression buoy, or lifting
Diving_cylinder
U.S. Navy's special operations force
and kayak diving Buddy diving buddy check Decompression Decompression practice Pyle stop Ratio decompression Dive briefing Dive log Dive planning Rule
United_States_Navy_SEALs
Irish safety freediver (1977-2017)
weights Weight belt Decompression equipment Decompression buoy Decompression chamber Decompression cylinder Decompression tables Decompression trapeze Dive computer
Stephen_Keenan
Semi-submersible offshore drilling rig
was the site of several serious incidents, most notably an explosive decompression in 1983 that killed four divers and one dive tender, as well as critically
Byford_Dolphin
Special forces unit of the Royal Navy
weights Weight belt Decompression equipment Decompression buoy Decompression chamber Decompression cylinder Decompression tables Decompression trapeze Dive computer
Special_Boat_Service
Underwater diving to a depth beyond the norm
to do decompression stops increases with depth. A diver at 6 metres (20 ft) may be able to dive for many hours without needing to do decompression stops
Deep_diving
US government scientific agency
weights Weight belt Decompression equipment Decompression buoy Decompression chamber Decompression cylinder Decompression tables Decompression trapeze Dive computer
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration
American novelist and underwater explorer (1931–2020)
weights Weight belt Decompression equipment Decompression buoy Decompression chamber Decompression cylinder Decompression tables Decompression trapeze Dive computer
Clive_Cussler
Basis for the published decompression tables and algorithms
The US Navy has used several decompression models from which their published decompression tables and authorized diving computer algorithms have been
US Navy decompression models and tables
US_Navy_decompression_models_and_tables
Equipment used to facilitate underwater diving
maximum depth and, when used with a watch and Decompression tables, also allows the diver to monitor decompression requirements. Some digital depth gauges also
Diving_equipment
Human body core temperature below 35 °C (95 °F)
thermal inertia—that is, by body mass index, body surface area to volume ratios, clothing, and other environmental conditions. Many changes to physiology
Hypothermia
Set of detailed instructions to assist in workplace safety
weights Weight belt Decompression equipment Decompression buoy Decompression chamber Decompression cylinder Decompression tables Decompression trapeze Dive computer
Standard_operating_procedure
Swedish and American marine biologist and NASA astronaut
weights Weight belt Decompression equipment Decompression buoy Decompression chamber Decompression cylinder Decompression tables Decompression trapeze Dive computer
Jessica_Meir
Pirate Blackbeard's ship
and kayak diving Buddy diving buddy check Decompression Decompression practice Pyle stop Ratio decompression Dive briefing Dive log Dive planning Rule
Queen_Anne's_Revenge
Buoy towed by a scuba diver to indicate position
and maintaining one's position while doing decompression stops are shot-lines, uplines and decompression trapezes. A closed DSMB, inflated through a
Surface_marker_buoy
Vascular blockage by air bubbles
usually obvious and may present quite differently from decompression sickness. Decompression sickness: Inert gas bubbles form in the bloodstream if the
Air_embolism
Conditions in which the temperature of a diver can remain stable
Depending on decompression obligations, bringing the diver directly to the surface could prove equally deadly, particularly as decompression efficiency
Thermal balance of the underwater diver
Thermal_balance_of_the_underwater_diver
Crewed full ocean depth rated submersible
weights Weight belt Decompression equipment Decompression buoy Decompression chamber Decompression cylinder Decompression tables Decompression trapeze Dive computer
DSV_Limiting_Factor
Equipment used specifically for surface supplied diving
growth, with decompression sickness as a consequence. Partial pressure of oxygen is usually limited to 1.6 bar during in-water decompression for scuba divers
Surface-supplied diving equipment
Surface-supplied_diving_equipment
U.S. Navy officer and NASA astronaut (born 1965)
and kayak diving Buddy diving buddy check Decompression Decompression practice Pyle stop Ratio decompression Dive briefing Dive log Dive planning Rule
Sunita_Williams
Anglo-Irish scientist (1627–1691)
description of a viper in a vacuum was the first recorded description of decompression sickness.) 1669 – A Continuation of New Experiments Physico-mechanical
Robert_Boyle
Danish maritime special operations unit
weights Weight belt Decompression equipment Decompression buoy Decompression chamber Decompression cylinder Decompression tables Decompression trapeze Dive computer
Frogman_Corps_(Denmark)
Canadian astronaut (born 1959)
weights Weight belt Decompression equipment Decompression buoy Decompression chamber Decompression cylinder Decompression tables Decompression trapeze Dive computer
Chris_Hadfield
Estimation of breathing gas mixtures and quantities required for a planned dive profile
depending on the individual diver. limitations on no-decompression stop diving and decompression duration due to solution of nitrogen in the body tissues
Scuba_gas_planning
Navy has been using Shearwater Research computers programmed with the decompression model specified by the Navy since then. Composite-Beat Engel – Swiss
List of diving equipment manufacturers
List_of_diving_equipment_manufacturers
Diving incident in the Maldives
for them to ascend they would have needed six hours to complete the decompression because of the gas they were using in their tanks. A preliminary assessment
2026 Dhekunu Kandu cave diving incident
2026_Dhekunu_Kandu_cave_diving_incident
Change in sea level due to gravity
d is its distance, ρ is its average density, and r is its radius. The ratio r/d is related to the angle subtended by the object in the sky. Since the
Tide
Toxic effects of breathing oxygen at high partial pressures
ascend to a shallower depth if decompression obligations allow. If a chamber is available at the surface, surface decompression is a recommended option. The
Oxygen_toxicity
Breathing gas consisting of oxygen, helium and nitrogen
the higher loading in some tissues is that some decompression algorithms require deeper decompression stops than a similar pressure exposure dive using
Trimix_(breathing_gas)
Equipment designed to help protect an individual from hazards
weights Weight belt Decompression equipment Decompression buoy Decompression chamber Decompression cylinder Decompression tables Decompression trapeze Dive computer
Personal_protective_equipment
Technique for equalising pressure in the middle ears
weights Weight belt Decompression equipment Decompression buoy Decompression chamber Decompression cylinder Decompression tables Decompression trapeze Dive computer
Valsalva_maneuver
Respiratory impairment caused by submersion in liquid
weights Weight belt Decompression equipment Decompression buoy Decompression chamber Decompression cylinder Decompression tables Decompression trapeze Dive computer
Drowning
Underwater diving procedures
greater or equal to their first decompression stop, transferred under pressure into a decompression chamber and decompressed back to surface pressure in the
Surface-supplied diving skills
Surface-supplied_diving_skills
Gas used for human respiration
performance of ordinary air by reducing the risk of decompression sickness, reducing the duration of decompression, reducing nitrogen narcosis or reducing work
Breathing_gas
American engineer, astronaut, and naval aviator (born 1964)
weights Weight belt Decompression equipment Decompression buoy Decompression chamber Decompression cylinder Decompression tables Decompression trapeze Dive computer
Scott_Kelly_(astronaut)
Outcrop of rock in the sea formed by the growth and deposit of stony coral skeletons
and kayak diving Buddy diving buddy check Decompression Decompression practice Pyle stop Ratio decompression Dive briefing Dive log Dive planning Rule
Coral_reef
Chamber for transporting divers vertically through the water
decompression stop. The bell would then be locked onto a deck decompression chamber, the divers transferred under pressure to complete decompression in
Diving_bell
Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disorders caused by underwater diving
injuries Decompression illness Pathophysiological basis and mechanisms of DCI Differential diagnosis of decompression illness Management of decompression incidents
Diving_medicine
Human habitable underwater enclosure filled with breathable gas
under pressure to a decompression chamber on the support vessel for safer decompression. Deck decompression chamber (DDC) A decompression chamber on the support
Underwater_habitat
Diver's pressure exposure over the time of a dive
an indication of the risks of decompression sickness and oxygen toxicity for the exposure, to calculate a decompression schedule for the dive, and also
Dive_profile
Emergency transport of divers under a decompression obligation to a place of safety
hyperbaric transportation of divers under a major decompression obligation to a place of safety where decompression can be completed at acceptable risk and in
Hyperbaric evacuation and rescue
Hyperbaric_evacuation_and_rescue
British cave diver who specialises in rescues
weights Weight belt Decompression equipment Decompression buoy Decompression chamber Decompression cylinder Decompression tables Decompression trapeze Dive computer
Rick_Stanton
Descending below the surface of the water to interact with the environment
the decompression gases may be similar, or may include pure oxygen. Decompression procedures include in-water decompression or surface decompression in
Underwater_diving
Austrian freediver and world record holder
pre-alerted decompression chamber in Athens, where he received treatment. He incurred multiple brain strokes due to severe decompression sickness. He
Herbert_Nitsch
Ballast carried to counteract buoyancy
the risk of decompression sickness is small, as is the case in freediving and scuba diving when the dive is well short of the no-decompression limit for
Diving_weighting_system
American astronaut, circled the Moon in 2026 (born 1975)
weights Weight belt Decompression equipment Decompression buoy Decompression chamber Decompression cylinder Decompression tables Decompression trapeze Dive computer
Reid_Wiseman
Medical condition of lack of oxygen in the tissues
acute traumatic ischemias. It is the definitive treatment for severe decompression sickness, which is largely a condition involving localized hypoxia initially
Hypoxia_(medicine)
South African diver and holder of scuba depth record
Nuno having to follow a decompression schedule for an equivalent sea level dive depth of 339 m (1,112 ft) to prevent decompression sickness ("the bends")
Nuno_Gomes_(diver)
in avoiding bubble formation A pressure ratio of 2 to 1 during decompression will not produce decompression symptoms A supersaturation of dissolved Nitrogen
History of decompression research and development
History_of_decompression_research_and_development
Underwater diving without breathing apparatus
much more limited period. No decompression stops required for deep dives, although it is possible to get decompression sickness, or taravana, from repetitive
Freediving
Submersible that traveled to the Challenger Deep
weights Weight belt Decompression equipment Decompression buoy Decompression chamber Decompression cylinder Decompression tables Decompression trapeze Dive computer
Deepsea_Challenger
Tactical scuba diver
weights Weight belt Decompression equipment Decompression buoy Decompression chamber Decompression cylinder Decompression tables Decompression trapeze Dive computer
Frogman
Narcotic effects of respiratory nitrogen
unless it would violate decompression obligations. Should problems persist, it may be necessary to abort the dive. The decompression schedule can and should
Nitrogen_narcosis
Directional mass flow of oceanic water
weights Weight belt Decompression equipment Decompression buoy Decompression chamber Decompression cylinder Decompression tables Decompression trapeze Dive computer
Ocean_current
Breathing gas mixture experimentally used for very deep diving
Mavrostomos on 20 November 1990 at Toulon, during the COMEX Hydra X decompression chamber experiments. This dive made him "the deepest diver in the world"
Hydrox_(breathing_gas)
USMC deep reconnaissance unit
and kayak diving Buddy diving buddy check Decompression Decompression practice Pyle stop Ratio decompression Dive briefing Dive log Dive planning Rule
United States Marine Corps Force Reconnaissance
United_States_Marine_Corps_Force_Reconnaissance
Nausea caused by motion or perceived motion
weights Weight belt Decompression equipment Decompression buoy Decompression chamber Decompression cylinder Decompression tables Decompression trapeze Dive computer
Motion_sickness
Situation that endangers the life or health of a diver
the water to dive, until the end of all decompression and the diver has exited the water. Surface decompression may legally be part of a dive. It includes
Underwater_diving_emergency
Technical diving safety philosophy
diver training. Ratio decompression — In addition to using established algorithms for decompression diving, DIR utilizes ratio decompression, (RD) which is
Doing_It_Right_(scuba_diving)
Boat used for the support of scuba diving operations
the dive. A decompression trapeze can also be dropped by the boat for a group of divers by pre-arranged signal, such as a second decompression buoy at the
Dive_boat
Underwater assault rifle
weights Weight belt Decompression equipment Decompression buoy Decompression chamber Decompression cylinder Decompression tables Decompression trapeze Dive computer
QBS-06
Canadian astronaut, circled the Moon in 2026 (born 1976)
weights Weight belt Decompression equipment Decompression buoy Decompression chamber Decompression cylinder Decompression tables Decompression trapeze Dive computer
Jeremy_Hansen
Watertight clothing that seals the wearer from cold and hazardous liquids
avoid an uncontrolled (or runaway) buoyant ascent, missed decompression stops, decompression sickness, arterial gas embolism or pulmonary barotrauma. Configurations
Dry_suit
Aquatic or submarine environment
oxygen toxicity. Decompression must be controlled to avoid bubble formation in the tissues and the consequent symptoms of decompression sickness. With a
Underwater_environment
Diving beyond the scope of recreational diving
long or deep dive may need to do decompression stops or remain below a decompression ceiling to avoid decompression sickness, also known as "the bends"
Technical_diving
Special operations unit of the Israeli Navy
weights Weight belt Decompression equipment Decompression buoy Decompression chamber Decompression cylinder Decompression tables Decompression trapeze Dive computer
Shayetet_13
Retired US Navy officer and professor of oceanography (born 1942)
weights Weight belt Decompression equipment Decompression buoy Decompression chamber Decompression cylinder Decompression tables Decompression trapeze Dive computer
Robert_Ballard
Underwater diving alongside a near vertical face
When decompression is planned, it is critical to diver safety to be able to ascend at a controlled rate and remain at suitable depths for decompression, so
Wall_diving
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RATIO DECOMPRESSION
RATIO DECOMPRESSION
RATIO DECOMPRESSION
RATIO DECOMPRESSION
RATIO DECOMPRESSION
RATIO DECOMPRESSION
RATIO DECOMPRESSION
RATIO DECOMPRESSION
RATIO DECOMPRESSION
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