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US laws on ex-Confederate states' readmission to the Union (1867–68)
The Reconstruction Acts, or the Military Reconstruction Acts, sometimes referred to collectively as the Reconstruction Act of 1867, were four landmark
Reconstruction_Acts
Period after American Civil War (1865–1877)
houses of Congress. In 1867–68, the Radical Republicans enacted the Reconstruction Acts over Johnson's vetoes, setting the terms by which former Confederate
Reconstruction_era
Temporary administrative units in American South
American South. The districts were stipulated by the Reconstruction Acts during the Reconstruction period following the American Civil War. In March 1867
Reconstruction military districts
Reconstruction_military_districts
Civil War general, U.S. president from 1869 to 1877
passed three Enforcement Acts, designed to protect black people and Reconstruction governments. Using the Enforcement Acts, Grant crushed the Klan. By
Ulysses_S._Grant
established universal manhood suffrage in Louisiana as required by the Reconstruction Acts. The campaign was marred by terrorist and paramilitary action in
1872 Louisiana gubernatorial election
1872_Louisiana_gubernatorial_election
1877 ending of period in US history
Enforcement Acts), on the same day, the U.S. Congress launched a 21-member investigation committee on the status of the Southern Reconstruction states North
End_of_Reconstruction
1935 book by W. E. B. Du Bois
Black Reconstruction in America: An Essay Toward a History of the Part Which Black Folk Played in the Attempt to Reconstruct Democracy in America, 1860–1880
Black Reconstruction in America
Black_Reconstruction_in_America
Re-election of Abraham Lincoln
Herbert; Baker, Jean Harvey; Holt, Michael F. (2001). The Civil War and Reconstruction. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. p. 427. ISBN 9780393974270. "Voter
1864 United States presidential election
1864_United_States_presidential_election
American politician (1824–1881)
framework for President Abraham Lincoln's war powers and the postwar Reconstruction Acts. Originally a Democrat, he evolved into a Republican during the Civil
Matthew_H._Carpenter
1867 United States Supreme Court case
Mississippi attempted to sue President Andrew Johnson for enforcing the Reconstruction Acts. The court decided, based on a previous decision of Marbury v. Madison
Mississippi_v._Johnson
took place during the Reconstruction Era, and many Southerners were disfranchised. However, Congress's various Reconstruction Acts required the various
1868_United_States_elections
1865 murder in Washington, D.C., U.S.
martyr and led to a lengthy period of mourning as the US entered the Reconstruction era. John Wilkes Booth, born in Maryland into a family of prominent
Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
Assassination_of_Abraham_Lincoln
Re-election of Ulysses S. Grant
and wrote a platform calling for civil service reform and an end to Reconstruction. Democratic Party leaders believed that their only hope of defeating
1872 United States presidential election
1872_United_States_presidential_election
Election of Ulysses S. Grant
the United States on November 3, 1868. In the first election of the Reconstruction Era, Republican nominee Ulysses S. Grant defeated Horatio Seymour of
1868 United States presidential election
1868_United_States_presidential_election
United States Army general and civil engineer (1815–1872)
supervision. When the Governor of Georgia refused to accept the Reconstruction Acts of Congress, Meade replaced him with General Thomas H. Ruger. After
George_Meade
President of the United States from 1861 to 1865
re-election in 1864, he sought to heal the war-torn nation through Reconstruction. On April 14, 1865, five days after the Confederate surrender at Appomattox
Abraham_Lincoln
American abolitionist (1822–1913)
Reconstruction acts Habeas Corpus Act of 1867 Enforcement Act of 1870 Enforcement Act of February 1871 Enforcement Act of April 1871 Reconstruction era
Harriet_Tubman
Post-Civil War amendments to the United States Constitution
The Reconstruction Amendments, or the Civil War Amendments, are the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth amendments to the United States Constitution
Reconstruction_Amendments
Temporary administrative unit in American South
from 1867 to 1870. The district was stipulated by the Reconstruction Acts during the Reconstruction period following the American Civil War. It covered
Fifth_Military_District
U.S. presidential administration from 1865 to 1869
leading ex-Confederates) without regard to race or property. Under the Reconstruction Acts, the new constitutions required ratification by a majority of registered
Presidency_of_Andrew_Johnson
President of the United States from 1865 to 1869
became vice president. Johnson implemented his own form of Presidential Reconstruction, a series of proclamations directing the seceded states to hold conventions
Andrew_Johnson
Financial crisis leading to economic depression in Europe and North America
policy on the Southern states, and the North began to steer away from Reconstruction. Ambitious railroad building programs crashed across the South, leaving
Panic_of_1873
American state constitution
was drafted. An 1868 constitution was passed to comply with the Reconstruction acts. The current constitution was ratified in 1874 following the Brooks–Baxter
Constitution_of_Arkansas
President of the United States from 1877 to 1881
continued to vote with the majority in the 40th Congress on the Reconstruction Acts, but resigned in July 1867 to run for governor of Ohio. A popular
Rutherford_B._Hayes
1985 studio album by R.E.M.
Fables of the Reconstruction (or Reconstruction of the Fables) is the third studio album by the American alternative rock band R.E.M. It was released
Fables_of_the_Reconstruction
1852 novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe
Berman 2000, pp. 332–335. Foner, Eric (March 30, 2008). "Reconstructing Reconstruction". The Washington Post. p. E03. Keith 2009, pp. 27–29. Keith 2009, pp
Uncle_Tom's_Cabin
American lawyer and politician (1814–1869)
of war under President Andrew Johnson during the first years of the Reconstruction Era. Stanton was a prominent attorney in eastern Ohio and Pittsburgh
Edwin_Stanton
8th governor of Arkansas
is considered the first Reconstruction governor of Arkansas, as he was allowed to stay in office after the Reconstruction Acts were passed by Congress
Isaac_Murphy
Primary federal legislation in the US
The National Banking Acts of 1863 and 1864 were two United States federal banking acts that established a system of national banks chartered at the federal
National_Bank_Act
American politician (1801–1872)
presidential appointees. Johnson suspended, then fired, Stanton over Reconstruction policy differences, leading to the president's impeachment for allegedly
William_H._Seward
Temporary administrative unit in American South
American South. The district was stipulated by the Reconstruction Acts during the Reconstruction period following the American Civil War. It only included
First_Military_District
Crucial battle at the conclusion of the American Civil War
Peace Commission Knights of the White Camelia Pulaski riot Reconstruction Acts Reconstruction military districts Constitutional conventions of 1867 Habeas
Battle of Appomattox Court House
Battle_of_Appomattox_Court_House
Period of U.S. military occupation and government of Alabama (1863-1877)
was held. Enslavement of African Americans ended and the federal Reconstruction Acts enshrined their basic civil and political rights. African Americans
Reconstruction_in_Alabama
Florida politician (1822–1887)
first representatives to the Legislature of Georgia". Following the Reconstruction acts passed in the U.S. Congress, he was involved in organizing black
William_Bradwell
Vice President of the United States from 1861 to 1865
broaden his base of support and was also looking ahead to Southern Reconstruction, at which Johnson had proven himself adept as military governor of occupied
Hannibal_Hamlin
Temporary administrative unit in American South
American South. The district was stipulated by the Reconstruction Acts during the Reconstruction period following the American Civil War. It included
Second_Military_District
Temporary administrative unit in American South
American South. The district was stipulated by the Reconstruction Acts during the Reconstruction period following the American Civil War. It comprised
Third_Military_District
Post-Civil War voter suppression efforts in the United States
marking the start of the Reconstruction era in the eleven former Confederate states. Congress passed the Reconstruction Acts, starting in 1867, establishing
Disfranchisement after the Reconstruction era
Disfranchisement_after_the_Reconstruction_era
Faction of the 19th-century U.S. Republican Party
overrode 15 of them, including the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and four Reconstruction Acts, which rewrote the election laws for the South and allowed blacks
Radical_Republicans
first act was passed, a similar process would occur for the later Reconstruction Acts. Radical Republicans also passed an ironclad oath which prevented
Georgia_during_Reconstruction
Topics referred to by the same term
from federal territories Constitutional conventions mandated by the Reconstruction Acts after the American Civil War Second Constitutional Convention of
Federal Convention (disambiguation)
Federal_Convention_(disambiguation)
Land warfare force of the Confederate States
continuing to fight. — Michael Perman, Major Problems in the Civil War and Reconstruction (2010), p. 178. Educated soldiers drew upon their knowledge of American
Confederate_States_Army
Executive order by U.S. president Abraham Lincoln freeing slaves in the South
abolition of slavery in all of the U.S., Lincoln also mandated that Reconstruction plans for Southern states require them to enact laws abolishing slavery
Emancipation_Proclamation
Temporary administrative unit in American South
American South. The district was stipulated by the Reconstruction Acts during the Reconstruction period following the American Civil War. It included
Fourth_Military_District
Confederate attack on constitutional convention
Amendment, extending suffrage and full citizenship to freedmen, and the Reconstruction Acts to establish military districts for the national government to oversee
New_Orleans_Massacre_of_1866
2012. James M. McPherson (1995) [1964]. The Abolitionist Legacy: From Reconstruction to the NAACP. Princeton University Press. p. 4. ISBN 9780691100395.
Abolitionism in the United States
Abolitionism_in_the_United_States
1868 amendment addressing citizenship rights and civil and political liberties
state except Tennessee refused to ratify it, Congress passed the Reconstruction Acts, which conditioned readmission on ratification. The first 28 states
Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution
Document issued by seceding US states
first former Confederate state to rejoin the Union. This began the Reconstruction era and launched a long, ongoing struggle to build a society where people
Ordinance_of_Secession
1868 US charging of president
result, Radicals were able to take control of Reconstruction, passing a series of Reconstruction Acts—each one over the president's veto—addressing requirements
Impeachment_of_Andrew_Johnson
American political scandal
relation to the major French bank Crédit Mobilier. In the Pacific Railroad Acts of 1864–68, Congress authorized and chartered the Union Pacific Railroad
Crédit_Mobilier_scandal
American state constitution
ratified the preceding day. 1868: Framed in accordance with the Reconstruction Acts after North Carolina was readmitted into the Union. It was a major
Constitution of North Carolina
Constitution_of_North_Carolina
Confederate States military organization and functional history
Reconstruction acts Habeas Corpus Act of 1867 Enforcement Act of 1870 Enforcement Act of February 1871 Enforcement Act of April 1871 Reconstruction era
Military forces of the Confederate States
Military_forces_of_the_Confederate_States
Settlement of the 1876 US presidential election
declared the winner over Democratic candidate Samuel Tilden. During the Reconstruction era of the 1860s and 1870s, the Southern United States fell under federal
Compromise_of_1877
Attempt to redistribute land during the US Civil War
brief period thereafter. However, federal and state policy during the Reconstruction era emphasized wage labor, not land ownership, for black people. Almost
Forty_acres_and_a_mule
United States federal law
to Reconstruction that was passed by Congress during the Reconstruction era. These include the Civil Rights Act of 1866, the four Reconstruction Acts of
Civil_Rights_Act_of_1875
American politician (1792–1868)
southern states and stated that Johnson had tried to disobey the Reconstruction Acts. Stevens also urged Benjamin Butler to, independent of the committee
Thaddeus_Stevens
Confederate States Army general, planter, and slave trader (1821–1877)
Following the war, the United States Congress began passing the Reconstruction Acts to specify conditions for the readmission of former Confederate States
Nathan_Bedford_Forrest
Election of Rutherford B. Hayes
by the Compromise of 1877, in which Hayes supposedly agreed to end Reconstruction in exchange for the presidency. In the first count, Tilden had 184 electoral
1876 United States presidential election
1876_United_States_presidential_election
American general and politician (1818–1893)
Massachusetts. As a Radical Republican he considered President Johnson's Reconstruction agenda to be too weak, and he advocated harsher punishments of former
Benjamin_Butler
United States and Native American treaties
Reconstruction Era typically covers the transformation of the Southern United States in the decade after the Civil War. However, the reconstruction of
Reconstruction_Treaties
Former slave
stationed throughout the South via military districts enacted by the Reconstruction Acts; they protected freedmen in voting polls and public facilities from
Freedman
1861 U.S./U.K. diplomatic incident
Herbert, Baker, Jean Harvey, and Holt, Michael F. The Civil War and Reconstruction (2001) ISBN 0-393-97427-8 Doyle, Don H. The Cause of All Nations: An
Trent_Affair
1860s American term
a pejorative term that referred to white Southerners who supported Reconstruction era policies and efforts after the conclusion of the American Civil
Scalawag
Women during the Reconstruction era following the US Civil War, from 1863 to 1877, acted as the heads of their households due to the involvement of men
Women during the Reconstruction era
Women_during_the_Reconstruction_era
People formerly enslaved in the Cherokee Nation and descendants
allowed to become citizens of the Cherokee Nation in accordance with a reconstruction treaty made with the United States in 1866. In the early 1980s, the
Cherokee_Freedmen
White paramilitary group from the United States
South Carolina. Their explicit political goal was to overthrow the Reconstruction government, and to do so they directed their activities toward intimidation
White_League
Segregationist and discriminatory state and local laws passed after the Civil War
majorities in the 1866 elections, the Republican Congress passed the Reconstruction Acts, placing the South under military rule. This arrangement lasted until
Black_Codes_(United_States)
American major general (1826–1885)
Reconstruction acts Habeas Corpus Act of 1867 Enforcement Act of 1870 Enforcement Act of February 1871 Enforcement Act of April 1871 Reconstruction era
George_B._McClellan
Political party in the United States
civil service reform. The party opposed Grant's Reconstruction policies, particularly the Enforcement Acts. It lost in a landslide, and disappeared from
Liberal Republican Party (United States)
Liberal_Republican_Party_(United_States)
Reconstruction acts Habeas Corpus Act of 1867 Enforcement Act of 1870 Enforcement Act of February 1871 Enforcement Act of April 1871 Reconstruction era
List of American Civil War battles
List_of_American_Civil_War_battles
the Reconstruction Acts. The 39th Congress had had a similar joint committee called the United States Congressional Joint Committee on Reconstruction. The
United States House Select Committee on Reconstruction
United_States_House_Select_Committee_on_Reconstruction
Faction of the U.S. Republican Party, 1870s–1880s
the Republican Party that existed briefly in the United States during Reconstruction and the Gilded Age during the 1870s and 1880s. Led by U.S. senator Roscoe
Stalwarts_(politics)
Political party in North Carolina, United States
policies, passed the Reconstruction Acts. The North Carolina Republican Party was organized in support of Congressional Reconstruction, while the Conservatives
Conservative Party (North Carolina)
Conservative_Party_(North_Carolina)
1863 civil unrest protesting American Civil War conscription
Volume Two: 1789 Through Reconstruction. Signet. p. 451. ISBN 0-451-62254-5. Donald, David (2002). Civil War and Reconstruction. Pickle Partners Publishing
New_York_City_draft_riots
2019 non-fiction book by Eric Foner
The Second Founding: How the Civil War and Reconstruction Remade the Constitution is a non-fiction book written by Eric Foner and published by W. W. Norton
The_Second_Founding
United States Army general (1786–1866)
Reconstruction acts Habeas Corpus Act of 1867 Enforcement Act of 1870 Enforcement Act of February 1871 Enforcement Act of April 1871 Reconstruction era
Winfield_Scott
Laws aiming to combat resistance to reconstruction after the US Civil War
act, many with serious consequences. The Enforcement Acts were created as part of the Reconstruction era following the American Civil War. To allow full
Enforcement_Acts
1865 amendment abolishing slavery
and proclaimed on December 18, 1865. It was the first of the three Reconstruction Amendments adopted following the American Civil War. President Abraham
Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution
Widespread US rail-worker strike
up the strike. Federal troops from the South previously used in the Reconstruction after the Civil War were also sent to the striking cities to disperse
Great_Railroad_Strike_of_1877
Period of the US Supreme Court from 1864 to 1873
Civil War and much of the Reconstruction Era. Chase was a complete change from the pro-slavery Taney; one of his first acts as Chief Justice was to admit
Chase_Court
American architect (1807–1885)
large factories and the Lee County, Alabama, courthouse. When the Reconstruction Acts were implemented in 1867, King became a registrar for voters in Russell
Horace_King_(architect)
Era's main scholarly literature (1863–1877)
a selected bibliography of the main scholarly books and articles of Reconstruction, the period after the American Civil War, 1863–1877 (or 1865 to 1877)
Bibliography of the Reconstruction era
Bibliography_of_the_Reconstruction_era
Federal United States law
into law over Johnson's veto that day, including the first of the Reconstruction Acts. It was expected that Johnson would veto the Army Appropriations
Command_of_Army_Act
After the end of hostilities, the war-torn nation then entered the Reconstruction era in a partially successful attempt to rebuild the country and grant
Conclusion of the American Civil War
Conclusion_of_the_American_Civil_War
2026 Virginia court case
violation of the Virginia Readmission Act of 1870, a part of the Reconstruction Acts, which readmitted Virginia into the union on the condition that its
King_v._O'Bannon
Attempted coup d'état against Arkansas governor Elisha Baxter's administration
allow Arkansas to rejoin the Union after the American Civil War. The Reconstruction Acts required the rebel states to accept the 14th Amendment – establishing
Brooks–Baxter_War
United States Army officer, explorer, and politician (1813–1890)
Reconstruction acts Habeas Corpus Act of 1867 Enforcement Act of 1870 Enforcement Act of February 1871 Enforcement Act of April 1871 Reconstruction era
John_C._Frémont
Worldwide economic recession from 1873 to 1879
York: Vintage Books. p. 36. ISBN 0-679-72175-4. Eric Foner (2002). Reconstruction: America's unfinished revolution, 1863–1877. HarperCollins. p. 535.
Long_Depression
US laws allowing ownership of unclaimed land
The Homestead Acts were several laws in the United States by which an applicant could acquire ownership of government land or the public domain, typically
Homestead_Acts
American politician
Republican. SCHWENINGER, LOREN. "Alabama Blacks and the Congressional Reconstruction Acts of 1867" (PDF). Retrieved March 19, 2021. "THE PARTICIPATION OF NEGROES
James_K._Greene
Part of the American Civil War in Virginia
Reconstruction acts Habeas Corpus Act of 1867 Enforcement Act of 1870 Enforcement Act of February 1871 Enforcement Act of April 1871 Reconstruction era
Bermuda_Hundred_campaign
1864 bill on readmittance of states to the US
to reimpose the terms of Wade-Davis. Instead they implemented the Reconstruction Acts and took control of the former rebel states with the United States
Wade–Davis_Bill
Vice President of the United States from 1857 to 1861
endorsed the doctrine of nullification in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts. After an argument between Breckinridge's mother and grandmother in 1832
John_C._Breckinridge
Massacre of the Black community of Memphis, Tennessee
Subsequently, they passed key pieces of legislation, such as the Reconstruction Acts, Enforcement Acts, and the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution
Memphis_massacre_of_1866
1865 speech by the U.S. President
sadness. Some see this speech as a defense of his pragmatic approach to Reconstruction, in which he sought to avoid harsh treatment of the defeated rebels
Abraham Lincoln's second inaugural address
Abraham_Lincoln's_second_inaugural_address
S. 50 (1868) power of the Court to rule on constitutionality of Reconstruction Acts; parameters of the Court's jurisdiction United States v. Kirby 74
List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Chase Court
List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases_by_the_Chase_Court
Native American grouping
stationed throughout the South via military districts enacted by the Reconstruction Acts; they tried to protect freedmen in voting polls and public facilities
Five_Civilized_Tribes
United States anti-obscenity law
nature described. Second, a person must knowingly commit any of the specified acts (which in this section is either import, carriage in interstate or foreign
Comstock_Act_of_1873
Activists for legal equality and human liberty
and 15th amendments to the United States Constitution. However, after Reconstruction ended in 1877, the gains were partly lost and an era of Jim Crow gave
African American founding fathers of the United States
African_American_founding_fathers_of_the_United_States
decreased the power of military district commanders in the South. The Reconstruction Acts that had been passed over the vetoes of Johnson had created five
First impeachment inquiry into Andrew Johnson
First_impeachment_inquiry_into_Andrew_Johnson
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RECONSTRUCTION ACTS
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RECONSTRUCTION ACTS
RECONSTRUCTION ACTS
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