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Period after American Civil War (1865–1877)
The Reconstruction era, often simply called Reconstruction, was a period in United States history that followed the American Civil War (1861–1865) and
Reconstruction_era
office as President of the United States. During the post-Civil War Reconstruction era, there were major disagreements on the treatment of ex-Confederates
History of the Republican Party (United States)
History_of_the_Republican_Party_(United_States)
Post-Civil War voter suppression efforts in the United States
Disfranchisement after the Reconstruction era in the United States, especially in the Southern United States, was a series of laws, new constitutions,
Disfranchisement after the Reconstruction era
Disfranchisement_after_the_Reconstruction_era
1877 ending of period in US history
immediately followed by the Reconstruction era of United States history in the later 1860s and 1870s, until the end of Reconstruction. Historians discuss a
End_of_Reconstruction
Period in US history
States was connected to questions that the American Civil War and Reconstruction era raised about citizenship and that the region lay at the center of
Greater_Reconstruction
Historical period in the Southern United States from 1815 to 1861
America Reconstruction era Deep South Old South, the pre-Civil War economy and society of the Southern U.S. New South, the post-Reconstruction era economy
Antebellum_South
Era of US history from the 1870s to the late 1890s
late 1870s to the late 1890s, which occurred between the Reconstruction era and the Progressive Era. It was named by 1920s historians after Mark Twain's 1873
Gilded_Age
Era's main scholarly literature (1863–1877)
articles of Reconstruction, the period after the American Civil War, 1863–1877 (or 1865 to 1877). Bowers, Claude G. (1929). The Tragic Era. The Revolution
Bibliography of the Reconstruction era
Bibliography_of_the_Reconstruction_era
Late 19th-/early 20th-century period of US history
It overlapped with the Gilded Age and the Progressive Era, following the Reconstruction era and the financial Panic of 1873, amid a continuing decline
Nadir of American race relations
Nadir_of_American_race_relations
National Historical Park of the United States in South Carolina
The Reconstruction Era National Historical Park, formerly Reconstruction Era National Monument, is a United States National Historical Park in Beaufort
Reconstruction Era National Historical Park
Reconstruction_Era_National_Historical_Park
American historian (born 1962)
College, where she teaches courses on the American Civil War, the Reconstruction Era, the American West, and the Plains Indians. She previously taught
Heather_Cox_Richardson
racially segregated schools in the United States that originated in the Reconstruction era after the American Civil War. They were created in Southern states
History of African-American education
History_of_African-American_education
1935 book by W. E. B. Du Bois
history of the Reconstruction era by W. E. B. Du Bois, first published in 1935. The book challenged the standard academic view of Reconstruction at the time
Black Reconstruction in America
Black_Reconstruction_in_America
Laws enforcing racial segregation in the U.S.
political and economic gains made by African Americans during the Reconstruction era. Such continuing racial segregation was also supported by the successful
Jim_Crow_laws
President of the United States from 1861 to 1865
Lincoln lived into the Reconstruction era, "It is entirely plausible to imagine Lincoln and Congress agreeing on a Reconstruction policy that encompassed
Abraham_Lincoln
Women during the Reconstruction era following the US Civil War, from 1863 to 1877, acted as the heads of their households due to the involvement of men
Women during the Reconstruction era
Women_during_the_Reconstruction_era
US laws on ex-Confederate states' readmission to the Union (1867–68)
The Reconstruction Acts, or the Military Reconstruction Acts, sometimes referred to collectively as the Reconstruction Act of 1867, were four landmark
Reconstruction_Acts
African-American officeholders served during the Reconstruction era (1865–1877) and in the years after Reconstruction before white supremacy, disenfranchisement
African American officeholders from the end of the Civil War until before 1900
African_American_officeholders_from_the_end_of_the_Civil_War_until_before_1900
Segregationist and discriminatory state and local laws passed after the Civil War
Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution 1863–1877 (HarperCollins: 1988) ISBN 0-06-015851-4 Foner, Eric. A Short History of Reconstruction, 1863–1877
Black_Codes_(United_States)
Topics referred to by the same term
Perestroika (Russian for "reconstruction"), a late 20th century Soviet Union political movement Economic reconstruction The Reconstruction era of the United States
Reconstruction
Election of Ulysses S. Grant
the United States on November 3, 1868. In the first election of the Reconstruction Era, Republican nominee Ulysses S. Grant defeated Horatio Seymour of the
1868 United States presidential election
1868_United_States_presidential_election
1985 studio album by R.E.M.
Fables of the Reconstruction (or Reconstruction of the Fables) is the third studio album by the American alternative rock band R.E.M. It was released
Fables_of_the_Reconstruction
the Reconstruction Era Amendments". Columbia Law Review. 74 (3): 452–454. doi:10.2307/1121764. JSTOR 112176. Klarman, Michael (1998). "The Plessy Era".
Racism against African Americans
Racism_against_African_Americans
1915 film by D. W. Griffith
chronicles the relationship of two families in the American Civil War and Reconstruction eras over the course of several years—the pro-Union (Northern) Stonemans
The_Birth_of_a_Nation
well as notable reform movements during the Jacksonian Era, Reconstruction Era, Progressive Era, and the 1970s. But the status of penal incarceration as
History of United States prison systems
History_of_United_States_prison_systems
White Camelia Ku Klux Klan White League Between the Reconstruction period, known as the Klan's "first era", and the rebirth of the modern movement in 1915
List of Ku Klux Klan organizations
List_of_Ku_Klux_Klan_organizations
President of the United States from 1865 to 1869
chief executives. Foner notes that at the time of these surveys, "the Reconstruction era that followed the Civil War was regarded as a time of corruption and
Andrew_Johnson
Ethnic and cultural group in the United States
have space away from White control or oversight. While the post-war Reconstruction era was initially a time of progress for African Americans, that period
African_Americans
1815–1825 period in US political history
The Era of Good Feelings marked a period in the political history of the United States that reflected a sense of national purpose and a desire for unity
Era_of_Good_Feelings
Highest court of jurisdiction in the U.S.
Sandford, which helped precipitate the American Civil War. In the Reconstruction era, the Chase, Waite, and Fuller Courts (1864–1910) interpreted the new
Supreme Court of the United States
Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States
Historical non-fiction book by Eric Foner
written by American historian Eric Foner. Its broad focus is the Reconstruction Era in the aftermath of the American Civil War, which consists of the
Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877
Reconstruction:_America's_Unfinished_Revolution,_1863–1877
U.S. state
within the United States Congress in what is now referred to as the Reconstruction era. To earn back its rights, the state had to make concessions to Washington
North_Carolina
Movement aiming to eliminate racial discrimination against African Americans
Southern Black Leaders of the Reconstruction Era (1982) pp 191–222. Dray, Philip. Capitol men: the epic story of Reconstruction through the lives of the first
Civil rights movement (1865–1896)
Civil_rights_movement_(1865–1896)
The Reconstruction era in the state of South Carolina after the American Civil War featured involvement of both scalawags and newly freed African American
Reconstruction in South Carolina
Reconstruction_in_South_Carolina
American white supremacist hate group
its various eras, its targets included African Americans, Jews, Catholics, and immigrants. The first Klan emerged during Reconstruction, founded by former
Ku_Klux_Klan
Post-Civil War amendments to the United States Constitution
The Reconstruction Amendments, or the Civil War Amendments, are the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth amendments to the United States Constitution
Reconstruction_Amendments
Vigilante violence against minorities in the 1800s US
the South is thought to have been related to the stresses of the Reconstruction Era agricultural depression that occurred immediately after the Civil
Whitecapping
2017 United States history book
Remembering Reconstruction: Struggles over the Meaning of America's Most Turbulent Era, published in 2017 by Louisiana State University Press, edited by
Remembering_Reconstruction
African-American newspaper
The True Southerner was a weekly newspaper published during the Reconstruction era after the American Civil War in Hampton, Virginia and then Norfolk,
The_True_Southerner
Political party
the Union, defeat the Confederacy, and abolish slavery. During the Reconstruction era, Republicans sought to extend civil rights protections to freedmen
Republican Party (United States)
Republican_Party_(United_States)
Three powerful Georgia politicians
Georgia politicians, all members of the Democratic Party, in the post-Reconstruction Era: Joseph E. Brown, Alfred H. Colquitt, and John Brown Gordon. The three
Bourbon_Triumvirate
American abolitionist (1818–1895)
received several political appointments, including as president of the Reconstruction era Freedman's Savings Bank. Meanwhile, white insurgents quickly arose
Frederick_Douglass
1861–1865 conflict in the United States
enslaved black people were freed. The war-torn nation then entered the Reconstruction era in an attempt to rebuild the country, bring the former Confederate
American_Civil_War
First operational era of the Ku Klux Klan
operational eras in the history of the Ku Klux Klan, a White supremacist domestic terrorist group in the United States. The First Klan, or the Reconstruction Klan
First_Klan
1865 murder in Washington, D.C., U.S.
martyr and led to a lengthy period of mourning as the US entered the Reconstruction era. John Wilkes Booth, born in Maryland into a family of prominent stage
Assassination of Abraham Lincoln
Assassination_of_Abraham_Lincoln
Union Army general
general in the United States Army during the American Civil War, and a Reconstruction era U.S. diplomat. Croxton was born near Paris, Kentucky, in rural Bourbon
John_T._Croxton
Schools once meant for African Americans
the Reconstruction era (1865–1877) following the American Civil War. Their original purpose was to provide education for African Americans in an era when
Historically black colleges and universities
Historically_black_colleges_and_universities
Confederates' defeat led to the abolition of slavery. In the subsequent Reconstruction era from 1865 to 1877, the national government gained explicit duty to
History_of_the_United_States
2019 non-fiction book by Eric Foner
Norton & Company in 2019. The book recounts the history of the three Reconstruction era amendments to the U.S. Constitution—the 13th, 14th and 15th—and the
The_Second_Founding
1873 United States Supreme Court case
southern newspapers condemned the decision for strengthening the Reconstruction era state government. Four justices dissented from the Court's decision
Slaughter-House_Cases
One of the four census regions of the US
states' rights, and legacy of racism magnified by the Civil War and Reconstruction era (1865–1877). Following effects included thousands of lynchings, a
Southern_United_States
African American newspaper (1870–1874)
New National Era (1870–1874) was an African American newspaper, published in Washington, D.C., during the Reconstruction Era in the decade after the American
New_National_Era
2019 nonfiction book by Henry Louis Gates Jr.
during the Reconstruction era, Redemption era, and the New Negro Movement. Stony the Road is a spiritual successor to Eric Foner's Reconstruction: America's
Stony_the_Road
County in Florida, United States
some of the western portion of Marion in 1877, near the end of the Reconstruction era. Marion County is named after General Francis Marion of South Carolina
Marion_County,_Florida
American historian noted for the "Dunning School"
his work on the Reconstruction era of the United States. He founded the informal Dunning School of interpreting the Reconstruction era through his own
William_Archibald_Dunning
Senate. Retrieved February 2, 2024. Kelly, Martin. "Timeline of the Reconstruction Era". thoughtco.com. ThoughtCo. Retrieved February 2, 2024. "October 17
List of invocations of the Insurrection Act
List_of_invocations_of_the_Insurrection_Act
Civil War general, U.S. president from 1869 to 1877
Ulysses S. Grant and the Politics of Reconstruction Memory in the 1880s" Journal of the Gilded Age & Progressive Era (2025) 24#3, pp. 304–325. Kaczorowski
Ulysses_S._Grant
History of the United States from 1865 to 1896
The United States During Reconstruction and the Gilded Age, 1865–1896 is a history of the United States during Reconstruction and the Gilded Age, written
The Republic for Which It Stands
The_Republic_for_Which_It_Stands
American politician (1824–1894)
fate as Dill, Randolph, and others. During the latter part of the Reconstruction era (1870 to 1877), there was increasing violence by Red Shirts, paramilitary
Benjamin_Franklin_Whittemore
Phase in U.S. electoral politics (1856–1896)
Proclamation and the end of slavery in the United States, followed by the Reconstruction era and the Gilded Age. It was dominated by the new Republican Party,
Third_Party_System
American historian (born 1943)
Southern secession.[citation needed] Foner is a leading authority on the Reconstruction Era. In a seminal essay in American Heritage in October 1982, later reprinted
Eric_Foner
Historic house in South Carolina, United States
Reconstruction Era. In order to better represent the change, Historic Columbia changed the name of the site to the Museum of the Reconstruction Era at
Woodrow Wilson Boyhood Home (Columbia, South Carolina)
Woodrow_Wilson_Boyhood_Home_(Columbia,_South_Carolina)
Faction of the 19th-century U.S. Republican Party
The Era of Reconstruction, 1865–1877. Simpson, Brooks D. (1991). Let Us Have Peace: Ulysses S. Grant and the Politics of War and Reconstruction, 1861–1868
Radical_Republicans
2025 novel by Charles B. Fancher
novel tells the live story of a former slave who grew up during the Reconstruction era, and is based on the life of Fancher's great-grandfather. Fancher
Red_Clay_(novel)
Attempt to redistribute land during the US Civil War
brief period thereafter. However, federal and state policy during the Reconstruction era emphasized wage labor, not land ownership, for black people. Almost
Forty_acres_and_a_mule
American politician (1824-1887)
a soldier in the Union Army and as a state politician during the Reconstruction era. He escaped and joined Union lines, becoming a sergeant in the 1st
Prince_Rivers
South Carolina farmer and politician (1841?–1917)
member of the South Carolina House of Representatives during the Reconstruction era. Tingman was elected to represent Charleston County. In 1874 he introduced
Julius_C._Tingman
Laws aiming to combat resistance to reconstruction after the US Civil War
serious consequences. The Enforcement Acts were created as part of the Reconstruction era following the American Civil War. To allow full national unity, all
Enforcement_Acts
1946 American musical film
live-action/animated film takes place in the U.S. state of Georgia during the Reconstruction era, a period of American history after the end of the American Civil
Song_of_the_South
1890 election bill proposed in the U.S. Congress
States of America, effectively ending the Reconstruction era and exacerbating the issues which the Reconstruction amendments were aimed at addressing. Especially
Lodge_Bill
Alabama reconstruction era American politician
Alabama House of Representatives and the Alabama Senate during the Reconstruction Era. Curtis was born 1829, a slave, in Raleigh, North Carolina on E. Haywood's
Alexander_H._Curtis
American activist (died 1925)
of French-speaking Louisiana Creole people. Growing up during the Reconstruction era, Plessy lived in a society in which black children attended integrated
Homer_Plessy
Period in the history of the United States, 1981–2009
The Reagan era or the Age of Reagan is a periodization of United States history used by historians and political observers to emphasize that the conservative
Reagan_era
American soldier and politician (1818–1902)
politician in state and national affairs. By 1877, at the end of the Reconstruction era, Hampton was a leader of the Redeemers, white Southerners who successfully
Wade_Hampton_III
Pejorative for Northerners who moved South after the American Civil War
applied to any Northerners who were present in the South during the Reconstruction era (1865–1877). The word is closely associated with scalawag, a similarly
Carpetbagger
American abolitionist and advocate (1811–1884)
suffrage and political participation during Reconstruction had not been a failure, and that the main error of the era had been the failure to redistribute land
Wendell_Phillips
1896 U.S. Supreme Court case on racial segregation
segregation that had been passed in the American South after the end of the Reconstruction era in 1877. The underlying case began in 1892 when Homer Plessy, a mixed-race
Plessy_v._Ferguson
South Carolina were some of the most influential Black women of the Reconstruction Era. Frances Ann (Frank), Katherine (Kate), Charlotte (Lottie), Marie
The_Rollin_Sisters
Beezy, rapper Phylicia Rashad, actress Chamillionaire, rapper The Reconstruction era government by Republicans, 1865 to 1874, worked to help the freed
History of African Americans in Texas
History_of_African_Americans_in_Texas
Southern US paramilitary organization (post-Civil War)
the end of, the Reconstruction era of the United States. Red Shirt groups originated in Mississippi in 1875, when anti-Reconstruction private terror units
Red_Shirts_(United_States)
Re-election of Ulysses S. Grant
History of the United States (1865–1918) Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant Reconstruction era Second inauguration of Ulysses S. Grant Third Party System Elections
1872 United States presidential election
1872_United_States_presidential_election
Historically black university in Wilberforce, Ohio, US
obtaining additional funds to build an endowment as he had hoped. The Reconstruction era history at WU also was marked by a period of academic improvements
Wilberforce_University
1869 attempted U.S. treaty to annex the Dominican Republic
annexation of Santo Domingo was an attempted treaty during the later Reconstruction era, with precedents under earlier administrations, but re-initiated by
Proposed United States annexation of Santo Domingo
Proposed_United_States_annexation_of_Santo_Domingo
United States and Native American treaties
Reconstruction Era typically covers the transformation of the Southern United States in the decade after the Civil War. However, the reconstruction of
Reconstruction_Treaties
American newspaper in Tennessee
(December 1, 2005). "Midnight Rangers: Costume and Performance in the Reconstruction-Era Ku Klux Klan". Journal of American History. 92 (3): 811–836. doi:10
Pulaski_Citizen
American tailor and South Carolinian politician (1849-1928)
Chappelle. He is buried in Randolph Cemetery along with eight other Reconstruction Era legislators. African American officeholders from the end of the Civil
Robert_John_Palmer
Worldwide economic depression (1929–1939)
and Construction Act (ERA), which included funds for public works programs such as dams and the creation of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)
Great_Depression
American lawyer and politician (1814–1869)
war under President Andrew Johnson during the first years of the Reconstruction Era. Stanton was a prominent attorney in eastern Ohio and Pittsburgh before
Edwin_Stanton
Feud involving two families in Louisiana, USA
of feuds in the United States Conclusion of the American Civil War Reconstruction Era Colfax massacre Crawford, W. M. The Jones-Liddell Feud, Catahoula
Jones–Liddell_feud
American sociologist and activist (1868–1963)
Black Reconstruction in America, challenged the prevailing orthodoxy that blacks were responsible for the failures of the Reconstruction era. Borrowing
W._E._B._Du_Bois
United States from 1865 to 1917 was marked by the Reconstruction era, the Gilded Age, and the Progressive Era, and includes the rise of industrialization and
History of the United States (1865–1917)
History_of_the_United_States_(1865–1917)
American politician (1792–1868)
against Black Americans, Stevens sought to secure their rights during Reconstruction, leading the opposition to U.S. President Andrew Johnson. As chairman
Thaddeus_Stevens
Folktale of the southern United States
and published in book form in 1881. Harris was a journalist in post–Reconstruction era Atlanta, and he produced seven Uncle Remus books. He did so by introducing
Uncle_Remus
Military unit
formed the core of the Confederate Army of Tennessee. During the Reconstruction Era, violent activity by the white supremacist Ku Klux Klan (KKK) and
Tennessee_State_Guard
Settlement of the 1876 US presidential election
declared the winner over Democratic candidate Samuel Tilden. During the Reconstruction era of the 1860s and 1870s, the Southern United States fell under federal
Compromise_of_1877
American journalist, politician, and author
American Civil War. After the war's end, he was the publisher of several Reconstruction-era publications and a radical member of the Republican Party, active
Joseph_T._Wilson
Occurrence of extrajudicial killings
remaining Black population and discouraged future settlement. In the post–Reconstruction era, lynching photographs were printed for various purposes, including
Lynching_in_the_United_States
Reconstruction occurred after the American Civil War, between 1865 and 1877, and was the reintegration of the Southern States back into the Union. Reconstruction
Georgia_during_Reconstruction
Period of U.S. military occupation and government of Alabama (1863-1877)
During the Reconstruction era, Alabama was put under U.S. military rule. A constitutional convention was held. Enslavement of African Americans ended and
Reconstruction_in_Alabama
All-white municipalities that practice a form of racial segregation
another appropriate use of the police power." Following the end of the Reconstruction era, thousands of towns and counties across the United States became sundown
Sundown_town
travel, tourism, insurance
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RECONSTRUCTION ERA
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