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In mathematics, a reversible diffusion is a specific example of a reversible stochastic process. Reversible diffusions have an elegant characterization
Reversible_diffusion
Topics referred to by the same term
time-reversed dynamics are well defined Reversible diffusion, an example of a reversible stochastic process Reversible process (thermodynamics), a process
Reversibility
Type of mathematical model
employ among others reversible interacting-particle reaction dynamics. Autowave – Self-supporting non-linear waves in active media Diffusion-controlled reaction –
Reaction–diffusion_system
Rare brain condition, leading to severe swelling
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), also known as reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS), is a rare condition in which
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome
Posterior_reversible_encephalopathy_syndrome
Concept in chemistry and physics
reversibility in physics and chemistry is twofold: First, it states that the microscopic detailed dynamics of particles and fields is time-reversible
Microscopic_reversibility
Key reliability issue in MOSFETs
X_{\text{interface}}\rightleftharpoons X_{\text{bulk}}} (2) This reversible diffusion explains the partial recovery observed in NBTI. The reverse process
Negative-bias temperature instability
Negative-bias_temperature_instability
Geometric algorithm
Diffusion maps is a dimensionality reduction or feature extraction algorithm introduced by Coifman and Lafon which computes a family of embeddings of
Diffusion_map
French mathematician
random energy model and similar glassy systems, and metastability in reversible diffusion. She is a director of research for the French National Centre for
Véronique_Gayrard
Soviet mathematician (1903–1987)
prediction Kolmogorov automorphism Kolmogorov's characterization of reversible diffusions Borel–Kolmogorov paradox Chapman–Kolmogorov equation Hahn–Kolmogorov
Andrey_Kolmogorov
Method of analyzing electrochemical reactions
redox reaction can be assigned to diffusion. Many redox processes observed by CV are quasi-reversible or non-reversible. In such cases the thermodynamic
Cyclic_voltammetry
Reference electrode whose potential depends on pH
A reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) is a reference electrode, more specifically a subtype of the standard hydrogen electrodes, for electrochemical processes
Reversible_hydrogen_electrode
Discrete model of computation
automaton is reversible. The proof by Jarkko Kari is related to the tiling problem by Wang tiles. When a 2D automata is not reversible, often the proof
Cellular_automaton
Diffusion coefficient of ions in solution
and R species present. The equation for AW applies to both reversible and quasi-reversible reactions for which both halves of the couple are soluble.
Warburg_coefficient
Solution to a stochastic differential equation
and statistics, diffusion processes are a class of continuous-time Markov process with almost surely continuous sample paths. Diffusion processes are stochastic
Diffusion_process
Equation used in cyclic voltammetry
on ν provide evidence for an electrochemically reversible redox process. For species where the diffusion coefficient is known (or can be estimated), the
Randles–Sevcik_equation
Substances that can repair themselves
yield to mechanical stress in an atypical, reversible manner. Diels-Alder-based polymers undergo a reversible cycloaddition, where mechanical stress cleaves
Self-healing_material
Neuroradiologic finding of splenial pathology
particularly in diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) sequences. It refers to a characteristic boomerang-shaped area of restricted diffusion in the splenium
Boomerang_sign
Process that cannot be undone or reversed
to determine whether a hypothetical process is reversible or not. Intuitively, a process is reversible if there is no dissipation. For example, Joule
Irreversible_process
Model of diffusion
The Ehrenfest model (or dog–flea model) of diffusion was proposed by Tatiana and Paul Ehrenfest in 1907 to explain the second law of thermodynamics. The
Ehrenfest_model
Chemical process
found to be soluble in super-critical carbon dioxide. Extraction is a diffusion-based process, in which the solvent is required to diffuse into the matrix
Supercritical fluid extraction
Supercritical_fluid_extraction
Type of fuel cell run in reverse
resistance. Glossary of fuel cell terms Hydrogen technologies Flow Battery "Reversible fuel cell learning kit". Ecosoul.org. Archived from the original on May
Regenerative_fuel_cell
process / Gau Mar Quadratic variation Random dynamical system / rds Reversible diffusion Runge–Kutta method Russo–Vallois integral Schramm–Loewner evolution
Catalog of articles in probability theory
Catalog_of_articles_in_probability_theory
Minor form of stroke
Diffusion sequences can help further localize the area of ischemia and can serve as prognostic indicators. Presence of ischemic lesions on diffusion weighted
Transient_ischemic_attack
A reversible solid oxide cell (rSOC) is a solid-state electrochemical device that is operated alternatively as a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and a solid
Reversible_solid_oxide_cell
Reversible chemical transformation by absorption of electromagnetic radiation
Photochromism is the reversible change of color upon exposure to light. It is a transformation of a chemical species (photoswitch) between two forms through
Photochromism
Method of chemical analysis
are as follows: 1) a large voltage window: ca. from +0.2 V to -1.8 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). Hg electrode is particularly well-suited for
Polarography
Machine that converts the energy of flowing or falling water into useful forms of power
back into the stream. A special type of overshot/backshot wheel is the reversible water wheel. This has two sets of blades or buckets running in opposite
Water_wheel
Physical law for entropy and heat
theorem states that all reversible engines operating between the same heat reservoirs are equally efficient. Thus, any reversible heat engine operating
Second_law_of_thermodynamics
Gem variety of the mineral corundum
show reversible light-induced changes in their yellow or orange component. Similar pink–orange appearances can also be produced by beryllium diffusion, which
Sapphire
Primary cholinesterase in the body
molecules of acetylcholine (ACh) per second, approaching the limit allowed by diffusion of the substrate. The active site of AChE comprises two subsites—the anionic
Acetylcholinesterase
Class of enzymes
It is typically found as an α2β2 tetramer. The α subunits catalyze the reversible formation of indole and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) from indole-3-glycerol
Tryptophan_synthase
Measure of temperature relative to absolute zero
theorem states that all reversible engines operating between the same heat reservoirs are equally efficient. Thus, any reversible heat engine operating
Thermodynamic_temperature
Understanding of gas properties in terms of molecular motion
the processes of dissolution, extraction and diffusion, providing as examples the dissolution and diffusion of salts by the action of water particles on
Kinetic_theory_of_gases
Cognitive decline
other causes. Blood tests are usually taken to rule out other possible reversible causes such as hypothyroidism (an underactive thyroid). Fluid biomarkers
Dementia
Law of thermodynamics establishing the conservation of energy
practically reversible when it is driven by practically negligibly small temperature gradients. Work transfer is practically reversible when it occurs
First_law_of_thermodynamics
Mathematical study of waiting lines, or queues
more general diffusion process. The number of dimensions of the Brownian process is equal to the number of queueing nodes, with the diffusion restricted
Queueing_theory
Process forming a path from many random steps
diffusion of dopants, defects and other impurities during the critical fabrication steps. Random walk treatments are also used to study the diffusion
Random_walk
Electrochemical equation
used to measure the concentration or the diffusion coefficient of an analyte that participates in a reversible, deposition electrochemical reaction. To
Berzins-Delahay_equation
Topics referred to by the same term
cell migration, describing the movements of group of cells Molecular diffusion, in physics Migration (chemistry), type of reaction in organic chemistry
Migration
Semiconductor–semiconductor junction
in the n-type wander into the p-type due to random thermal migration ("diffusion"). As they diffuse into the p-type they combine with electron holes, and
P–n_junction
Theoretical engine
and cold sink in a completely reversible cycle. For this to happen each step in the cycle had itself to be reversible i.e. it must not waste any fraction
Carnot_heat_engine
photophobia. Many contact lens-induced changes in corneal structure are reversible if contact lenses are not used for an extended period of time. Knowledge
Effects of long-term contact lens wear on the cornea
Effects_of_long-term_contact_lens_wear_on_the_cornea
Non-reversible deformation of a solid material in response to applied forces
is reversible, as long as there is no material transport in form of cross-slip. Shape-memory alloys such as Nitinol wire also exhibit a reversible form
Plasticity_(physics)
White matter tract connecting the two cerebral hemispheres
for brain size, on average, proportionately larger in females. Using diffusion tensor sequences on MRI machines, the rate at which molecules diffuse
Corpus_callosum
Mathematical decompositions of vector fields
(NESS), and f rev ( x ) {\displaystyle f_{\text{rev}}(x)} are the time-reversible forces. These functions are odd and even under time-reversal respectively
Helmholtz–Hodge_decomposition
Stochastic volatility model used in derivatives markets
methods Continuous-time stochastic processes: • Arithmetic diffusion: Bachelier • Geometric diffusion: Black, Black–Scholes, Garman–Kohlhagen, Margrabe • Stochastic
SABR_volatility_model
Representation of a type of random process
Hawkes process Hunt process Interacting particle systems Itô diffusion Itô process Jump diffusion Jump process Lévy process Local time Markov additive process
Autoregressive_model
Type of fuel cell
permanent or reversible. The main mechanisms of poisoning are blocking of the pores in the cathode with K2CO3, which is not reversible, and reduction
Alkaline_fuel_cell
Type of energy transfer
idealized notions of reversible work and heat are developed in scientific articles by Rudolf Clausius from 1850 - 1865. The reversible heat, defined by Clausius
Work_(thermodynamics)
Chemical compound
the air is dried out as it passes through the filter. This process is reversible. If the alumina desiccant is heated to ~200 °C, it will release the trapped
Activated_alumina
Interpretation of quantum mechanics
as various external forces. The framework provides a derivation of the diffusion equations associated to these stochastic particles. It is best known for
Stochastic_quantum_mechanics
Chemical mechanism of spontaneous passivation
process of diffusion will take place which will increase any measurement of the work of separation. The work of adhesion is the reversible free energy
Metal_oxide_adhesion
Soft drink from Calabria, Italy
French drip Karlsbad coffee maker French press Jebena Moka pot Percolator Reversible pot Single-serve container Vacuum maker Coffee Arabic Espresso doppio
Gazzosa_al_caffè
Chemical compound
behaves as a microporous host with reversible water sorption. The hemihydrate can be prepared by controlled diffusion of zirconyl nitrate and oxalic acid
Basic_zirconium_oxalate
Chemical properties of materials
chemical reactions within the laws of thermodynamics Glass transition – Reversible transition in amorphous materials Surface melting – Formation of a quasi-liquid
Tammann temperature and Hüttig temperature
Tammann_temperature_and_Hüttig_temperature
Property of a thermodynamic system
{\textstyle W} done by a reversible heat engine was found to be the product of the Carnot efficiency (i.e., the efficiency of all reversible heat engines with
Entropy
Excess accumulation of fluid in the brain
(such as a brain abscess or meningitis) Hepatic encephalopathy Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome Radiation-induced brain edema Post-surgical changes
Cerebral_edema
Chemistry term for pressure
as per the reversible reaction below, whose equilibrium constant K (which is also a dissociation constant, since it describes a reversible association-dissociation
P50_(pressure)
Exchange of mass, energy, and momentum between observed and studied systems
diffusion) Forced diffusion occurs because of the action of some external force Diffusion can be caused by temperature gradients (thermal diffusion)
Transport_phenomena
The pseudo-Hadamard transform is a reversible transformation of a bit string that provides cryptographic diffusion. See Hadamard transform. The bit string
Pseudo-Hadamard_transform
Class of transmembrane transporter protein
second. Compare this to ion channels that provide a means for facilitated diffusion to occur and allow between 107 and 108 ions pass through the plasma membrane
Antiporter
Law about the rate of chemical reactions
Guldberg and Peter Waage, building on Claude Louis Berthollet's ideas about reversible chemical reactions, proposed the law of mass action in 1864. These papers
Law_of_mass_action
Power generation technology
assemblies (MEA) which include the electrodes, electrolyte, catalyst, and gas diffusion layers. An ink of catalyst, carbon, and electrode are sprayed or painted
Proton-exchange membrane fuel cell
Proton-exchange_membrane_fuel_cell
Stacks or aggregations of red blood cells
W.; Perelson, A.S. (April 1984). "Kinetics of rouleau formation. II. Reversible reactions". Biophysical Journal. 45 (4): 805–824. Bibcode:1984BpJ....45
Rouleaux
Coffee brewing method without filters
French drip Karlsbad coffee maker French press Jebena Moka pot Percolator Reversible pot Single-serve container Vacuum maker Coffee Arabic Espresso doppio
Turkish_coffee
Flow where fluid particles follow smooth paths in layers
surface. Laminar flow is a flow regime characterized by high momentum diffusion and low momentum convection. When a fluid is flowing through a closed
Laminar_flow
Family of monosaccharide transport proteins
of glucose across the plasma membrane, a process known as facilitated diffusion. Because glucose is a vital source of energy for all life, these transporters
Glucose_transporter
Antibacterial drug
of nitrofurantoin occur at rates of 0 to 29%. They are generally mild, reversible, and are predominantly gastrointestinal. Pulmonary toxicity caused by
Nitrofurantoin
Liquid found in cells
The viscosity of cytoplasm is roughly the same as pure water, although diffusion of small molecules through this liquid is about fourfold slower than in
Cytosol
Type of fluid flow
of the flow at any other time. Time-reversibility An immediate consequence of instantaneity, time-reversibility means that a time-reversed Stokes flow
Stokes_flow
Medical condition
MRI is performed, it may show cortical restricted diffusion with unusual characteristics of reversible T2 hypointensity in the subcortical white matter
Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
Hyperosmolar_hyperglycemic_state
Strong permanent magnet made from an alloy of a rare-earth element and cobalt
approx. 128–200 kJ/m3. These samarium–cobalt magnets generally have a reversible temperature coefficient of -0.05%/°C. Saturation magnetization can be
Samarium–cobalt_magnet
Process of water movement through a plant
decrease in hydrostatic pressure in the upper parts of the plants due to the diffusion of water out of stomata into the atmosphere. The word transpiration comes
Transpiration
Transport of substances between two fractions with the help of permeable membranes
especially during ultra-filtration. In the solution-diffusion model, transport occurs only by diffusion. The component that needs to be transported must
Membrane_technology
Mixture of an insoluble substance microscopically dispersed throughout another substance
forces caused by stirring or mixing. Flocculation can be used to describe reversible aggregation involving weaker attractive forces, and the aggregate is usually
Colloid
Return of a perturbed system into equilibrium
constants for the forward and reverse reactions. A monomolecular, first order reversible reaction which is close to equilibrium can be visualized by the following
Relaxation_(physics)
Study of biochemical reaction rates catalysed by an enzyme
reaction, even though the same substituted enzyme seems to be transformed. Reversible catalysis and the Haldane equation External factors may limit the ability
Enzyme_kinetics
Direct conversion of temperature differences to electric voltage and vice versa
effect. The Peltier–Seebeck and Thomson effects are thermodynamically reversible, whereas Joule heating is not. At the atomic scale, a temperature gradient
Thermoelectric_effect
Image conservation process
technique or treatment applied to physical or digital work should be reversible or distinguishable from the original content of the artwork. Prior to
Inpainting
Cage-like allotrope of carbon
semiconductor into a conductor or even superconductor. C 60 undergoes six reversible, one-electron reductions, ultimately generating C6− 60. Its oxidation
Buckminsterfullerene
covered. Sedimentation velocity experiments can also be used to study reversible chemical equilibria between macromolecular species, by either monitoring
Analytical ultracentrifugation
Analytical_ultracentrifugation
Device that generates flow using an electric field
application of this is removing liquid flooding water from channels and gas diffusion layers and direct hydration of the proton exchange membrane in the membrane
Electroosmotic_pump
Model of enzyme kinetics
(enzyme-substrate complex) represent the fact that enzyme-substrate binding is a reversible process, and the single forward arrow represents the formation of P (product)
Michaelis–Menten_kinetics
Compound that induces a loss of consciousness
be defined. General anesthetics, however, typically elicit several key reversible effects: immobility, analgesia, amnesia, unconsciousness, and reduced
General_anaesthetic
Medical condition
"Acute Toxic Leukoencephalopathy: Potential for Reversibility Clinically and on MRI With Diffusion-Weighted and FLAIR Imaging". American Journal of Roentgenology
Toxic_leukoencephalopathy
Computing by new or unusual methods
physical entropy. Quantum circuits are reversible as long as they do not collapse quantum states, and reversible functions are bijective, meaning they
Unconventional_computing
States of matter for water as a solid
In high pressure ices, protonic diffusion (movement of protons around the oxygen lattice) dominates molecular diffusion, an effect which has been measured
Phases_of_ice
Interconnected intracellular space of a plant
or sieve pores that sustain bulk phloem flow. Diffusion through plasmodesmata is gated by a reversible 'size-exclusion limit. Deposition of the β-1,3-glucan
Symplast
Ion channel enzyme pump found in the membrane of all animal cells
lactea by comparing the active and estivating states. They concluded that reversible phosphorylation can control the same means of coordinating ATP use by
Sodium–potassium_pump
Projection of data onto lower-dimensional manifolds
sets. Diffusion maps leverages the relationship between heat diffusion and a random walk (Markov Chain); an analogy is drawn between the diffusion operator
Nonlinear dimensionality reduction
Nonlinear_dimensionality_reduction
Type of rechargeable battery
pseudo-graphitic domains and tailored closed pores has been reported to reach a reversible capacity of 280 mAh/g at 1 A/g, retaining over 90% of its capacity after
Sodium-ion_battery
South American psychoactive decoction
rendered orally active by harmala alkaloids in B. caapi, which act as reversible inhibitors of monamine oxidase; B. caapi and its β-carbolines also exhibit
Ayahuasca
Loss of structure in proteins and nucleic acids due to external stress
deter protein stability and activity. In many cases, denaturation is reversible (the proteins can regain their native state when the denaturing influence
Denaturation_(biochemistry)
Statement based on repeated empirical observations that describes some natural phenomenon
way to achieve catalysis. All chemical processes are reversible (law of microscopic reversibility) although some processes have such an energy bias, they
Scientific_law
Acronym for process of disposition of pharmaceutical compounds
tend to lower its plasma concentration. Distribution is defined as the reversible transfer of a drug between one compartment to another. Some factors affecting
ADME
Method in molecular biology to make pores in cell membranes
key mechanism. In the mid-1970s, Zimmermann and colleagues described reversible electric-field–induced membrane permeabilization ("dielectric breakdown"
Electroporation
Cell
cells. Livermore physicist Fred Mitlitsky studied the possibilities of reversible technology. In the mid-1990s Mitlitsky received some funding from NASA
Unitized regenerative fuel cell
Unitized_regenerative_fuel_cell
Wendy; Mizuno, Hideaki; Miyawaki, Atsushi; Hofkens, Johan (2005-07-05). "Reversible single-molecule photoswitching in the GFP-like fluorescent protein Dronpa"
Photoactivatable fluorescent protein
Photoactivatable_fluorescent_protein
Chemical compound
process of methyl donation converts homarine into picolinic acid and is reversible. The name of this chemical comes from the initial discovery of the molecule
Homarine
Device performing a Boolean function
(PLC) Programmable logic device (PLD) Propositional calculus Race hazard Reversible computing Superconducting computing Truth table Unconventional computing
Logic_gate
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REVERSIBLE DIFFUSION
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REVERSIBLE DIFFUSION
REVERSIBLE DIFFUSION
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