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cryptography, rotational cryptanalysis is a generic cryptanalytic attack against algorithms that rely on three operations: modular addition, rotation and XOR
Rotational_cryptanalysis
Cryptographer
with Alex Biryukov Tradeoff Cryptanalysis of Memory-Hard Functions, Asiacrypt 2015, with Alex Biryukov Rotational Cryptanalysis of ARX Revisited, FSE 2015
Dmitry_Khovratovich
Cryptographic hash function
(2010-10-20). "Rotational Rebound Attacks on Reduced Skein". Cryptology ePrint Archive. Dmitry Khovratovich & Ivica Nikolić (2010). "Rotational Cryptanalysis of ARX"
Skein_(hash_function)
Block cipher
to a string of bytes. In October 2010, an attack that combines rotational cryptanalysis with the rebound attack was published. The attack mounts a known-key
Threefish
Study of analyzing information systems in order to discover their hidden aspects
Differential cryptanalysis Harvest now, decrypt later Impossible differential cryptanalysis Improbable differential cryptanalysis Integral cryptanalysis Linear
Cryptanalysis
Type of cipher
A linear cryptanalysis is a form of cryptanalysis based on finding affine approximations to the action of a cipher. Linear cryptanalysis is one of the
Block_cipher
General form of cryptanalysis applicable primarily to block ciphers
Differential cryptanalysis is a general form of cryptanalysis applicable primarily to block ciphers, but also to stream ciphers and cryptographic hash
Differential_cryptanalysis
Family of block ciphers
key lengths. The design team says that their cryptanalysis included linear and differential cryptanalysis using standard techniques such as Matsui's algorithm
Speck_(cipher)
Early unclassified symmetric-key block cipher
less complexity than a brute-force search: differential cryptanalysis (DC), linear cryptanalysis (LC), and Davies' attack. However, the attacks are theoretical
Data_Encryption_Standard
Block cipher
2000[update], the best published cryptanalysis of the Twofish block cipher is a truncated differential cryptanalysis of the full 16-round version. The
Twofish
Decryption of World War II cipher
Cryptanalysis of the Enigma ciphering system enabled the western Allies in World War II to read substantial amounts of Morse-coded radio communications
Cryptanalysis_of_the_Enigma
Standard for the encryption of electronic data
and Dmitry Khovratovich, Related-key Cryptanalysis of the Full AES-192 and AES-256, "Related-key Cryptanalysis of the Full AES-192 and AES-256". Table
Advanced_Encryption_Standard
Family of lightweight block ciphers
state this was included to block slide and rotational cryptanalysis attacks. Still, rotational-XOR cryptanalysis has been used to find distinguishers against
Simon_(cipher)
Set of cryptographic hash functions
Morawiecki, Paweł; Pieprzyk, Josef; Srebrny, Marian (2013). "Rotational Cryptanalysis of Round-Reduced Keccak" (PDF). In Moriai, S (ed.). Fast Software
SHA-3
Attack applicable to block and stream ciphers
cryptography, mod n cryptanalysis is an attack applicable to block and stream ciphers. It is a form of partitioning cryptanalysis that exploits unevenness
Mod_n_cryptanalysis
Form of cryptanalysis
In cryptography, linear cryptanalysis is a general form of cryptanalysis based on finding affine approximations to the action of a cipher. Attacks have
Linear_cryptanalysis
Practice and study of secure communication techniques
letter, a syllable, or a pair of letters, etc.) to produce a cyphertext. Cryptanalysis is the term used for the study of methods for obtaining the meaning
Cryptography
Block cipher
than exhaustive search) within months using impossible differential cryptanalysis. A truncated differential attack was also published against 28 rounds
Skipjack_(cipher)
Block cipher
Youngdai; Chang, Donghoon; Lee, Wonil; Lee, Sangjin (2004). "Differential Cryptanalysis of TEA and XTEA". In Lim, JI.; Lee, DH. (eds.). Information Security
XTEA
Basic component of symmetric key algorithms
perfect S-box. S-boxes can be analyzed using linear cryptanalysis and differential cryptanalysis in the form of a Linear approximation table (LAT) or
S-box
Block cipher
cipher cryptanalysis" (PDF). {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) Posteuca, R.; Negara, G. (2015). "Integral cryptanalysis of round-reduced
Prince_(cipher)
Stream ciphers
"most interesting Salsa20 cryptanalysis". This attack and all subsequent attacks are based on truncated differential cryptanalysis. In 2006, Fischer, Meier
Salsa20
Type of cryptanalytic attack
NXT). Unlike differential cryptanalysis, which uses pairs of chosen plaintexts with a fixed XOR difference, integral cryptanalysis uses sets or even multisets
Integral_cryptanalysis
Block cipher
in them are what both differential cryptanalysis and linear cryptanalysis seek to exploit. While Madryga's rotations are data-dependent to a small degree
Madryga
Simple and widely known encryption technique
2307/3101474. JSTOR 3101474. Sinkov, Abraham; Paul L. Irwin (1966). Elementary Cryptanalysis: A Mathematical Approach. Mathematical Association of America. pp. 13–15
Caesar_cipher
Block cipher
susceptible to various forms of cryptanalysis, and has acted as a catalyst in the discovery of differential and linear cryptanalysis. There have been several
FEAL
Soviet/Russian national standard block cipher
Kara (2008). "Reflection Cryptanalysis of Some Ciphers". Nicolas T. Courtois; Michał Miształ (2011). "Differential Cryptanalysis of GOST". IACR. Nicolas
GOST_(block_cipher)
Block cipher
rotated 56 bits for use in the next two rounds. Only a small amount of cryptanalysis has been published on NewDES. The designer showed that NewDES exhibits
NewDES
Exploitation of impossible differences in block ciphers
impossible differential cryptanalysis is a form of differential cryptanalysis for block ciphers. While ordinary differential cryptanalysis tracks differences
Impossible differential cryptanalysis
Impossible_differential_cryptanalysis
Algorithm
known-plaintext attacks, chosen-plaintext attacks, differential cryptanalysis and linear cryptanalysis. Careful construction of the functions for each round can
Symmetric-key_algorithm
Block cipher
Blowfish provides a good encryption rate in software, and no effective cryptanalysis of it has been found to date for smaller files. It is recommended Blowfish
Blowfish_(cipher)
Cryptographic algorithm
PRESENT was suggested in 2014. Several full-round attacks using biclique cryptanalysis have been introduced on PRESENT. By design all block ciphers with a
PRESENT
Block cipher
Code Hopping Transponder and Encoder..." Martin Novotny; Timo Kasper. "Cryptanalysis of KeeLoq with COPACOBANA" (PDF). SHARCS 2009 Conference: 159–164. {{cite
KeeLoq
Cryptographic attack
or the dividend is small. CPUs without a barrel shifter run shifts and rotations in a loop, one position at a time. As a result, the amount to shift must
Timing_attack
Authenticated encryption mode for block ciphers
Block size Key size Key whitening (Whitening transformation) Attack (cryptanalysis) Brute-force (EFF DES cracker) MITM Biclique attack 3-subset MITM attack
Galois/Counter_Mode
Block cipher
slices. This maximizes parallelism but also allows use of the extensive cryptanalysis work performed on DES. Serpent took a conservative approach to security
Serpent_(cipher)
Type of cryptanalytic attack
cryptanalysis is a generalization of differential cryptanalysis, an attack used against block ciphers. While in standard differential cryptanalysis the
Higher-order differential cryptanalysis
Higher-order_differential_cryptanalysis
Form of cryptanalysis
the boomerang attack is a method for the cryptanalysis of block ciphers based on differential cryptanalysis. The attack was published in 1999 by David
Boomerang_attack
Block cipher
chosen-plaintext attack requiring 259 queries and negligible work. See cryptanalysis below. The cipher's designers were Roger Needham and David Wheeler of
XXTEA
Block cipher
Kelsey, John; Schneier, Bruce; Wagner, David (1997). "Related-key cryptanalysis of 3-WAY, Biham-DES, CAST, DES-X, NewDES, RC2, and TEA". Information
Tiny_Encryption_Algorithm
Algorithm that calculates all the round keys from the key
the cipher key and the round keys, in order to resist such forms of cryptanalysis as related-key attacks and slide attacks, many modern ciphers use more
Key_schedule
Form of cryptanalysis
the differential-linear attack is a mix of both linear cryptanalysis and differential cryptanalysis. The attack utilises a differential characteristic over
Differential-linear_attack
Symmetric-key block cipher
designers analysed IDEA to measure its strength against differential cryptanalysis and concluded that it is immune under certain assumptions. No successful
International Data Encryption Algorithm
International_Data_Encryption_Algorithm
Block cipher
structure, known as Generalized Unbalanced Feistel Networks (GUFNs). The cryptanalysis proceeded very quickly, so quickly that the cipher was broken at the
MacGuffin_(cipher)
Block cipher
Structure Feistel network Rounds 48 DES-equivalent rounds Best public cryptanalysis Lucks: 232 known plaintexts, 2113 operations including 290 DES encryptions
Triple_DES
Earliest civilian block ciphers
blocks and 128-bit keys. This version is susceptible to differential cryptanalysis; for about half the keys, the cipher can be broken with 236 chosen plaintexts
Lucifer_(cipher)
Variant of the meet-in-the-middle method of cryptanalysis
of cryptanalysis. It utilizes a biclique structure to extend the number of possibly attacked rounds by the MITM attack. Since biclique cryptanalysis is
Biclique_attack
Form of cryptanalaysis
In cryptography, truncated differential cryptanalysis is a generalization of differential cryptanalysis, an attack against block ciphers. Lars Knudsen
Truncated differential cryptanalysis
Truncated_differential_cryptanalysis
Block cipher
Deukjo Hong; Seokhie Hong; Sangjin Lee & Jongin Lim (2003). "Linear Cryptanalysis on SPECTR-H64 with Higher Order Differential Property". Computer Network
Spectr-H64
Block cipher designed in 2000 by Chang-Hyi Lee
SHARK. Zodiac is theoretically vulnerable to impossible differential cryptanalysis, which can recover a 128-bit key in 2119 encryptions. Zodiac Technical
Zodiac_(cipher)
Block cipher
Red Pike Biryukov, Alex; Kushilevitz, Eyal (31 May 1998). Improved Cryptanalysis of RC5 (PDF). EUROCRYPT 1998. doi:10.1007/BFb0054119. Rivest, R. L.
RC5
Process of developing the AES standard
memory, low gate count implementations, FPGAs). Some designs fell due to cryptanalysis that ranged from minor flaws to significant attacks, while others lost
Advanced Encryption Standard process
Advanced_Encryption_Standard_process
Attacks against common ciphers
Rechberger (2011-08-17). "Biclique Cryptanalysis of the Full AES". Cryptology ePrint Archive. Vincent Rijmen (1997). "Cryptanalysis and Design of Iterated Block
Cipher_security_summary
Theoretical attack on block ciphers
known plaintexts to perform; previous methods of cryptanalysis, such as linear and differential cryptanalysis, often require unrealistically large numbers
XSL_attack
Cryptanalytic attacks using a system of multivariate equations
Algebraic attack is a method of algebraic cryptanalysis by which a set of algebraic equations can be used to solve a cryptographic Boolean function that
Algebraic_attack
Family of authenticated ciphers
Block size Key size Key whitening (Whitening transformation) Attack (cryptanalysis) Brute-force (EFF DES cracker) MITM Biclique attack 3-subset MITM attack
Ascon_(cipher)
Message-digest hashing algorithm
"Terminology and Notation", Page 2. Berson, Thomas A. (1992). "Differential Cryptanalysis Mod 232 with Applications to MD5". EUROCRYPT. pp. 71–80. ISBN 3-540-56413-6
MD5
Adding data to a message prior to encryption to hide its length
letters for this purpose has a side benefit of making some kinds of cryptanalysis more difficult. Most modern cryptographic hash functions process messages
Padding_(cryptography)
Technique in cryptography
cryptanalysis is a form of cryptanalysis for block ciphers. Developed by Carlo Harpes in 1995, the attack is a generalization of linear cryptanalysis
Partitioning_cryptanalysis
Family of block ciphers
Following the publication of LOKI89, information on the new differential cryptanalysis became available, as well as some early analysis results by (Knudsen
LOKI
Cryptanalytic method for unauthorized users to access data
ISBN 1-932266-65-8. Diffie, W.; Hellman, M.E. (1977). "Exhaustive Cryptanalysis of the NBS Data Encryption Standard". Computer. 10: 74–84. doi:10.1109/c-m
Brute-force_attack
Implementations of Advanced Encryption Standard
Block size Key size Key whitening (Whitening transformation) Attack (cryptanalysis) Brute-force (EFF DES cracker) MITM Biclique attack 3-subset MITM attack
AES_implementations
Block cipher
uses are AND, OR, XOR, modular addition, and bit rotation. It has been shown that linear cryptanalysis can break NUSH with less effort than a brute force
NUSH
Cryptographic hash function
carry them out. The authors named this significant breakthrough in the cryptanalysis of SHA-1 The SHAppening. The method was based on their earlier work
SHA-1
Block cipher
was found to be susceptible to an effective theoretical differential cryptanalysis attack considerably faster than an exhaustive search. LOKI Advanced
LOKI97
Block cipher
algorithms; Document 2: Kasumi specification". 3GPP. 2009. Kühn, Ulrich. Cryptanalysis of Reduced Round MISTY. EUROCRYPT 2001. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.59.7609. Elad
KASUMI
Block cipher
function of Akelarre is similar to IDEA in structure. After the successful cryptanalysis of Akelarre, its designers responded with an updated variant called
Akelarre_(cipher)
Block cipher
to a range of attacks, including differential cryptanalysis, linear cryptanalysis and mod n cryptanalysis. "ISO/IEC9979-0020 Register Entry" (PDF). Professor
M8_(cipher)
Cryptographic hash primitive
32-bit version and 608 bits for the 64-bit version. The best known cryptanalysis has not broken this claim: It needs 352 bits of work for the 32-bit
RadioGatún
Block cipher
also increases the strength of DES against differential cryptanalysis and linear cryptanalysis, although the improvement is much smaller than in the case
DES-X
German cipher machine during World War II
improvements to the Enigma over the years that hampered decryption efforts, cryptanalysis of the Enigma continued throughout the war. Many commentators say the
Enigma_machine
Cryptography construction
Block size Key size Key whitening (Whitening transformation) Attack (cryptanalysis) Brute-force (EFF DES cracker) MITM Biclique attack 3-subset MITM attack
Feistel_cipher
Block cipher
best public cryptanalysis of CAST-256 in the standard single secret key setting that works for all keys is the zero-correlation cryptanalysis breaking 28
CAST-256
Input to a cryptographic primitive
Block size Key size Key whitening (Whitening transformation) Attack (cryptanalysis) Brute-force (EFF DES cracker) MITM Biclique attack 3-subset MITM attack
Initialization_vector
Block cypher operating mode
Block size Key size Key whitening (Whitening transformation) Attack (cryptanalysis) Brute-force (EFF DES cracker) MITM Biclique attack 3-subset MITM attack
Xor–encrypt–xor
Chinese block cipher
December 2024. p. 1-3. Retrieved 2 February 2025. Linear and Differential Cryptanalysis of Reduced SMS4 Block Cipher Example of SMS4 implemented as a Spreadsheet
SM4_(cipher)
Tables for the Data Encryption Standard
Block size Key size Key whitening (Whitening transformation) Attack (cryptanalysis) Brute-force (EFF DES cracker) MITM Biclique attack 3-subset MITM attack
DES_supplementary_material
Block cipher used by the 4C Entity
Julia; Knudsen, Lars R.; Leander, Gregor; Matusiewicz, Krystian (2009). "Cryptanalysis of C2". Advances in Cryptology - CRYPTO 2009. Lecture Notes in Computer
Cryptomeria_cipher
Block cipher
"Cryptanalysis of the Improved Cellular Message Encryption Algorithm" (PDF). The attack on CMEA Press release and the NSA response Cryptanalysis of
Cellular Message Encryption Algorithm
Cellular_Message_Encryption_Algorithm
System to replace plaintext with ciphertext
superior systems had been available since 1467, the usual response to cryptanalysis was simply to make the tables larger. By the late eighteenth century
Substitution_cipher
Wide-block cipher
Block size Key size Key whitening (Whitening transformation) Attack (cryptanalysis) Brute-force (EFF DES cracker) MITM Biclique attack 3-subset MITM attack
Adiantum_(cipher)
Action of recording the keys struck on a keyboard
exist, ranging from hardware and software-based approaches to acoustic cryptanalysis. In the mid-1970s, the Soviet Union developed and deployed a hardware
Keystroke_logging
Substitution box used in the Rijndael cipher
was specifically designed to be resistant to linear and differential cryptanalysis. This was done by minimizing the correlation between linear transformations
Rijndael_S-box
Cipher
crypt. Usenet: [email protected]. Retrieved 2009-05-28. Cryptanalysis of S-1, Aug 27, 1995, The S-1 Algorithm, Sep 6, 1995, Iraqi block cipher
S-1_block_cipher
Block cipher
network Block sizes 128 bits Structure Substitution–permutation network Rounds 10 Best public cryptanalysis A meet-in-the-middle attack on 5 rounds.
Kuznyechik
Cryptography algorithm
Block size Key size Key whitening (Whitening transformation) Attack (cryptanalysis) Brute-force (EFF DES cracker) MITM Biclique attack 3-subset MITM attack
Block cipher mode of operation
Block_cipher_mode_of_operation
Block cipher
3-Way, just as its counterpart BaseKing, is vulnerable to related key cryptanalysis. John Kelsey, Bruce Schneier, and David Wagner showed how it can be
3-Way
Principle used in linear cryptanalysis
In cryptanalysis, the piling-up lemma is a principle used in linear cryptanalysis to construct linear approximations to the action of block ciphers. It
Piling-up_lemma
Block cipher
However, it was successfully broken in 2015 by Yosuke Todo using integral cryptanalysis; this attack was improved in the same year by Achiya Bar-On. "MISTY"
MISTY1
Cipher design construction
efficient to perform in hardware, such as exclusive or (XOR) and bitwise rotation. The key is introduced in each round, usually in the form of "round keys"
Substitution–permutation network
Substitution–permutation_network
Block cipher invented by Joan Daemen and Vincent Rijmen
Encryption Standard. Square was introduced together with a new form of cryptanalysis discovered by Lars Knudsen, called the "Square attack". The structure
Square_(cipher)
Type of cipher
more secure than the individual components to make it resistant to cryptanalysis. The product cipher combines a sequence of simple transformations such
Product_cipher
Family of block ciphers
attack on one round, and Biham and Shamir (1991) used differential cryptanalysis to attack one round with 2300 encryptions. Biham and Shamir also found
REDOC
Image capture method
Cameras". Linköping University. Retrieved 22 July 2025. "Video-Based Cryptanalysis". Ben Nassi. Retrieved 2023-08-13. Power LED Attack - Computerphile
Rolling_shutter
Type of cryptographic attack
In cryptography, the Davies attack is a dedicated statistical cryptanalysis method for attacking the Data Encryption Standard (DES). The attack was originally
Davies_attack
Block cipher
64n bit key. Van Rompay et al. (1998) attempted to apply differential cryptanalysis to ICE. They described an attack on Thin-ICE which recovers the secret
ICE_(cipher)
Block cipher
of data cryptography solutions. Sung, Jaechul (2011). "Differential cryptanalysis of eight-round SEED". Information Processing Letters. 111 (10): 474–478
SEED
Mechanical cipher machine
Reeds, D. Ritchie, R. Morris, "The Hagelin Cipher Machine (M-209): Cryptanalysis from Ciphertext Alone", unpublished technical memorandum, Bell Laboratories
M-209
Ability to easily switch cryptographic primitives
support different lengths of outputs. Digital certificate and private key rotations must be automated. Standards and regulations must be complied with. The
Cryptographic_agility
Block cipher
Kelsey, John; Schneier, Bruce; Wagner, David (1997). "Related-key cryptanalysis of 3-WAY, Biham-DES, CAST, DES-X, NewDES, RC2, and TEA". In Han, Y.;
RC2
ROTATIONAL CRYPTANALYSIS
ROTATIONAL CRYPTANALYSIS
Boy/Male
Tamil
Rational
Girl/Female
Christian, German, Greek, Hebrew
Noble; Kind; Rational; Great Happiness
Girl/Female
American, Christian, German, Greek, Hebrew
Noble Kind; Nobility; Rational; Great Happiness; Form of Alice
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim, Sindhi
Endowed with Speech; Eloquent; Spokesperson; Talker; Speaker; Rational; Categorical (Decision)
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Animated; Rational
Boy/Male
Muslim
Talker, Speaker, Rational
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Rational
Girl/Female
Christian, German, Greek, Hebrew
Noble; Kind; Rational; Light-hearted; Pledged to God
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Categorical (decision) talker, speaker, rational
Boy/Male
Tamil
Rational
Boy/Male
Hindu
Rational
Girl/Female
German, Greek
Noble; Kind; Rational
Boy/Male
Indian
Talker, Speaker, Rational
Boy/Male
Hindu
Rational
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Rational
ROTATIONAL CRYPTANALYSIS
ROTATIONAL CRYPTANALYSIS
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Wife Loved by her Husband; Loves her Husband
Male
English
English form of Latin Dionysius, DENNIS means "follower of Dionysos."
Girl/Female
British, Christian, English
Twin
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Westcott.
Girl/Female
American, British, Chinese, Christian, English, Greek, Scandinavian
Followers of the Christ; The Anointed One; Christian Woman
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu
Smile; Always Smiling
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Love; Friendship
Girl/Female
Australian, Swedish
Little and Womanly; Free Man
Girl/Female
Australian, Hebrew, Latin
Light; Lord is My Light
Female
Irish
Irish name CADHLA means "beautiful."
ROTATIONAL CRYPTANALYSIS
ROTATIONAL CRYPTANALYSIS
ROTATIONAL CRYPTANALYSIS
ROTATIONAL CRYPTANALYSIS
ROTATIONAL CRYPTANALYSIS
n.
A rational being.
a.
Agreeable to reason; not absurd, preposterous, extravagant, foolish, fanciful, or the like; wise; judicious; as, rational conduct; a rational man.
n.
Rotation, as in office; succession.
a.
Pertaining to, or resulting from, rotation; of the nature of, or characterized by, rotation; as, rotational velocity.
a.
Having reason, or the faculty of reasoning; endowed with reason or understanding; reasoning.
a.
Not rotatory; passing from one point to another by a movement other than rotation; -- said of the movement of parts of a liquid or yielding mass.
a.
Of or pertaining to a station.
adv.
In a rational manner.
a.
Relating to the reason; not physical; mental.
a.
Having relation or kindred; related.
a.
Expressing the type, structure, relations, and reactions of a compound; graphic; -- said of formulae. See under Formula.
a.
Circular; suitable to rotation.
n.
A turn revolution; rotation; compass.
a.
Probationary.
a.
turning, as a wheel; rotary; rotational.
a.
Indicating or specifying some relation.
n.
Velocity of rotation about some specified axis.
n.
Any return or succesion in a series.
n.
The act of turning, as a wheel or a solid body on its axis, as distinguished from the progressive motion of a revolving round another body or a distant point; thus, the daily turning of the earth on its axis is a rotation; its annual motion round the sun is a revolution.
v. t.
To form a rational conception of.