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Exploitation of impossible differences in block ciphers
cryptography, impossible differential cryptanalysis is a form of differential cryptanalysis for block ciphers. While ordinary differential cryptanalysis tracks
Impossible differential cryptanalysis
Impossible_differential_cryptanalysis
General form of cryptanalysis applicable primarily to block ciphers
Differential cryptanalysis is a general form of cryptanalysis applicable primarily to block ciphers, but also to stream ciphers and cryptographic hash
Differential_cryptanalysis
Study of analyzing information systems in order to discover their hidden aspects
Davies' attack Differential cryptanalysis Harvest now, decrypt later Impossible differential cryptanalysis Improbable differential cryptanalysis Integral cryptanalysis
Cryptanalysis
Block cipher designed in 2000 by Chang-Hyi Lee
introduced by SHARK. Zodiac is theoretically vulnerable to impossible differential cryptanalysis, which can recover a 128-bit key in 2119 encryptions. Zodiac
Zodiac_(cipher)
Israeli computer scientist, cryptographer
LEX, as well as the cryptanalysis of numerous cryptographic primitives. In 1998, he developed impossible differential cryptanalysis together with Eli Biham
Alex_Biryukov
Type of cipher
growing catalog of attacks: truncated differential cryptanalysis, partial differential cryptanalysis, integral cryptanalysis, which encompasses square and integral
Block_cipher
Form of cryptanalaysis
In cryptography, truncated differential cryptanalysis is a generalization of differential cryptanalysis, an attack against block ciphers. Lars Knudsen
Truncated differential cryptanalysis
Truncated_differential_cryptanalysis
Block cipher
"Improved Impossible Differential Cryptanalysis of CLEFIA". Retrieved 25 October 2010. Cihangir Tezcan (8 August 2010). "The Improbable Differential Attack:
CLEFIA
Block cipher
than exhaustive search) within months using impossible differential cryptanalysis. A truncated differential attack was also published against 28 rounds
Skipjack_(cipher)
Israeli cryptographer and cryptanalyst (born 1960)
under Adi Shamir Attacking all triple modes of operation. Impossible differential cryptanalysis - joint work with Adi Shamir and Alex Biryukov Breaking
Eli_Biham
Block cipher
2000[update], the best published cryptanalysis of the Twofish block cipher is a truncated differential cryptanalysis of the full 16-round version. The
Twofish
Methods of safely sharing general data
be followed with non-trivial cryptanalysis, a timing channel may lead to a catastrophic compromise of a differentially private system, since a targeted
Differential_privacy
Type of cryptanalytic attack
higher-order differential cryptanalysis is a generalization of differential cryptanalysis, an attack used against block ciphers. While in standard differential cryptanalysis
Higher-order differential cryptanalysis
Higher-order_differential_cryptanalysis
Form of cryptanalysis
In cryptography, linear cryptanalysis is a general form of cryptanalysis based on finding affine approximations to the action of a cipher. Attacks have
Linear_cryptanalysis
Block cipher
Kyungdeok; Lee, Wonil; Lee, Sangjin; Lim, Jongin (2002). "Impossible Differential Cryptanalysis of Reduced Round XTEA and TEA". Fast Software Encryption
XTEA
Block cipher
2013-02-19. Eli Biham, Adi Shamir: Differential Cryptanalysis of Feal and N-Hash. EUROCRYPT 1991: 1–16 Bert den Boer, Cryptanalysis of F.E.A.L., EUROCRYPT 1988:
FEAL
Soviet/Russian national standard block cipher
Kara (2008). "Reflection Cryptanalysis of Some Ciphers". Nicolas T. Courtois; Michał Miształ (2011). "Differential Cryptanalysis of GOST". IACR. Nicolas
GOST_(block_cipher)
Cryptographic algorithm
truncated differential attack on 26 out of 31 rounds of PRESENT was suggested in 2014. Several full-round attacks using biclique cryptanalysis have been
PRESENT
Attack against cryptographic algorithms
the cryptosystem in a way that is similar to differential cryptanalysis. The term "rotational cryptanalysis" was coined by Dmitry Khovratovich and Ivica
Rotational_cryptanalysis
attack Davies' attack Differential cryptanalysis Impossible differential cryptanalysis Integral cryptanalysis Linear cryptanalysis Meet-in-the-middle attack
Outline_of_cryptography
Block cipher
cipher to a range of attacks, including differential cryptanalysis, linear cryptanalysis and mod n cryptanalysis. "ISO/IEC9979-0020 Register Entry" (PDF)
M8_(cipher)
Attack applicable to block and stream ciphers
cryptography, mod n cryptanalysis is an attack applicable to block and stream ciphers. It is a form of partitioning cryptanalysis that exploits unevenness
Mod_n_cryptanalysis
Family of block ciphers
Speck in the standard attack model (CPA/CCA with unknown key) are differential cryptanalysis attacks; these make it through about 70–75% of the rounds of most
Speck_(cipher)
Type of cryptanalytic attack
IDEA NXT). Unlike differential cryptanalysis, which uses pairs of chosen plaintexts with a fixed XOR difference, integral cryptanalysis uses sets or even
Integral_cryptanalysis
attacks. Alex Biryukov, University of Luxembourg, known for impossible differential cryptanalysis and slide attack. Moti Yung, Kleptography. Bill Buchanan
List_of_cryptographers
Early unclassified symmetric-key block cipher
with less complexity than a brute-force search: differential cryptanalysis (DC), linear cryptanalysis (LC), and Davies' attack. However, the attacks are
Data_Encryption_Standard
Block cipher
2024-05-28. Wenling Wu; Wentao Zhang; Dengguo Feng (2006). "Impossible Differential Cryptanalysis of ARIA and Camellia". Cryptology ePrint Archive. Retrieved
ARIA_(cipher)
Form of cryptanalysis
1994, the differential-linear attack is a mix of both linear cryptanalysis and differential cryptanalysis. The attack utilises a differential characteristic
Differential-linear_attack
Standard for the encryption of electronic data
and Dmitry Khovratovich, Related-key Cryptanalysis of the Full AES-192 and AES-256, "Related-key Cryptanalysis of the Full AES-192 and AES-256". Table
Advanced_Encryption_Standard
Block cipher
Kyungdeok; Lee, Wonil; Lee, Sangjin; Lim, Jongin (2002). "Impossible Differential Cryptanalysis of Reduced Round XTEA and TEA". Fast Software Encryption
Tiny_Encryption_Algorithm
Block cipher
size of 212 bytes or more, and negligible work. It is based on differential cryptanalysis. To cipher "212 bytes or more" algorithm performs just 6 rounds
XXTEA
Feistel network based block cipher
Wen-Ling; Zhang, Wen-Tao; Feng, Deng-Guo (May 3, 2007). "Impossible differential cryptanalysis of reduced-round ARIA and Camellia". Journal of Computer
Camellia_(cipher)
Block cipher
cipher cryptanalysis" (PDF). {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) Posteuca, R.; Negara, G. (2015). "Integral cryptanalysis of round-reduced
Prince_(cipher)
Block cipher
Hong; Sangjin Lee & Jongin Lim (2003). "Linear Cryptanalysis on SPECTR-H64 with Higher Order Differential Property". Computer Network Security. Springer
Spectr-H64
Form of cryptanalysis
the boomerang attack is a method for the cryptanalysis of block ciphers based on differential cryptanalysis. The attack was published in 1999 by David
Boomerang_attack
Danish cryptologist, computer scientist (born 1962)
[citation needed] He introduced the technique of impossible differential cryptanalysis and integral cryptanalysis. Knudsen is a co-founder of the communications
Lars_Knudsen_(cryptographer)
Basic component of symmetric key algorithms
perfect S-box. S-boxes can be analyzed using linear cryptanalysis and differential cryptanalysis in the form of a Linear approximation table (LAT) or
S-box
Block cipher
non-linear component, and flaws in them are what both differential cryptanalysis and linear cryptanalysis seek to exploit. While Madryga's rotations are data-dependent
Madryga
Family of lightweight block ciphers
this was included to block slide and rotational cryptanalysis attacks. Still, rotational-XOR cryptanalysis has been used to find distinguishers against reduced-round
Simon_(cipher)
Block cipher
introduced, Rijmen and Preneel showed that it was vulnerable to differential cryptanalysis. They showed that 32 rounds of MacGuffin is weaker than 16 rounds
MacGuffin_(cipher)
Practice and study of secure communication techniques
Standard for cryptography. DES was designed to be resistant to differential cryptanalysis, a powerful and general cryptanalytic technique known to the NSA
Cryptography
Variant of the meet-in-the-middle method of cryptanalysis
of cryptanalysis. It utilizes a biclique structure to extend the number of possibly attacked rounds by the MITM attack. Since biclique cryptanalysis is
Biclique_attack
broken in 2004 by Billet, Gilbert, and Ech-Chatbi using structural cryptanalysis. The attack was subsequently called "the BGE attack". The numerous consequent
White-box_cryptography
Algorithm that calculates all the round keys from the key
schedule plays a part in providing strength against linear and differential cryptanalysis. For toy Feistel ciphers, it was observed that those with complex
Key_schedule
Stream ciphers
against differential cryptanalysis. (Specifically, it has no differential characteristic with higher probability than 2−130, so differential cryptanalysis would
Salsa20
Attacks against common ciphers
(1999-10-05). "Impossible Differentials in Twofish". Schneier. Eli Biham; Orr Dunkelman; Nathan Keller (2002-02-04). Linear Cryptanalysis of Reduced Round
Cipher_security_summary
• CRHF • Crib (cryptanalysis) • Crowds (anonymity network) • Crypt (C) • Cryptanalysis • Cryptanalysis of the Enigma • Cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher
Index of cryptography articles
Index_of_cryptography_articles
Cryptographic algorithm
known-plaintext attacks, chosen-plaintext attacks, differential cryptanalysis and linear cryptanalysis. Careful construction of the functions for each round
Symmetric-key_algorithm
Block cipher
rotated 56 bits for use in the next two rounds. Only a small amount of cryptanalysis has been published on NewDES. The designer showed that NewDES exhibits
NewDES
Authenticated encryption mode for block ciphers
attack Gröbner attack Linear (Piling-up lemma) Differential Impossible Truncated Higher-order Differential-linear Distinguishing (Known-key) Integral/Square
Galois/Counter_Mode
Any attack based on information gained from the implementation of a computer system
attacks. Acoustic cryptanalysis – attacks that exploit sound produced during a computation (rather like power analysis). Differential fault analysis –
Side-channel_attack
Block cipher
Red Pike Biryukov, Alex; Kushilevitz, Eyal (31 May 1998). Improved Cryptanalysis of RC5 (PDF). EUROCRYPT 1998. doi:10.1007/BFb0054119. Rivest, R. L.
RC5
Technique in cryptography
cryptanalysis is a form of cryptanalysis for block ciphers. Developed by Carlo Harpes in 1995, the attack is a generalization of linear cryptanalysis
Partitioning_cryptanalysis
Earliest civilian block ciphers
128-bit blocks and 128-bit keys. This version is susceptible to differential cryptanalysis; for about half the keys, the cipher can be broken with 236 chosen
Lucifer_(cipher)
Block cipher
Code Hopping Transponder and Encoder..." Martin Novotny; Timo Kasper. "Cryptanalysis of KeeLoq with COPACOBANA" (PDF). SHARCS 2009 Conference: 159–164. {{cite
KeeLoq
Block cipher
Vladimir Furman, Michal Misztal, Vincent Rijmen (11 February 2001). Differential Cryptanalysis of Q. 8th International Workshop on Fast Software Encryption (FSE
Q_(cipher)
Block cipher
1999). It was found to be susceptible to an effective theoretical differential cryptanalysis attack considerably faster than an exhaustive search. LOKI Advanced
LOKI97
Block cipher
network. MISTY1 claims to be provably secure against linear and differential cryptanalysis. KASUMI is a successor of the MISTY1 cipher which was supposed
MISTY1
Block cipher
string of bytes. In October 2010, an attack that combines rotational cryptanalysis with the rebound attack was published. The attack mounts a known-key
Threefish
English computer scientist (1912–1954)
machine, a model of a general-purpose computer, and his contributions to cryptanalysis helped the Allies of World War II decipher messages encrypted by the
Alan_Turing
Type of cryptographic attack
In cryptography, a related-key attack is any form of cryptanalysis where the attacker can observe the operation of a cipher under several different keys
Related-key_attack
Block cipher
secure against ordinary differential cryptanalysis, KN-Cipher was later broken using higher order differential cryptanalysis. Presented as "a prototype
KN-Cipher
Block cipher
Kim; Jaechul Sung; Changhoon Lee; Sangjin Lee (December 2003). Impossible Differential Attack on 30-Round SHACAL-2. 4th International Conference on Cryptology
SHACAL
Block cipher
with 64n bit key. Van Rompay et al. (1998) attempted to apply differential cryptanalysis to ICE. They described an attack on Thin-ICE which recovers the
ICE_(cipher)
Block cipher
DES-X also increases the strength of DES against differential cryptanalysis and linear cryptanalysis, although the improvement is much smaller than in
DES-X
Family of block ciphers
Following the publication of LOKI89, information on the new differential cryptanalysis became available, as well as some early analysis results by (Knudsen
LOKI
Cryptographic attack
attack Gröbner attack Linear (Piling-up lemma) Differential Impossible Truncated Higher-order Differential-linear Distinguishing (Known-key) Integral/Square
Timing_attack
Block cipher
resistant against the most common cryptographic attacks (linear and differential cryptanalysis), but a lot slower than the openly available state of the art
Chiasmus_(cipher)
Type of cryptographic statistical attack
and differential cryptanalysis to find collisions and other interesting properties. The basic idea of the attack is to observe a certain differential characteristic
Rebound_attack
Block cipher
key size of DES was increasingly considered inadequate against newer cryptanalysis techniques, and rapid growth in computer performance, as predicted by
Triple_DES
Concept in cryptography
attack Gröbner attack Linear (Piling-up lemma) Differential Impossible Truncated Higher-order Differential-linear Distinguishing (Known-key) Integral/Square
Avalanche_effect
Block cipher
Retrieved 2018-09-13. Eli Biham, Vladimir Furman (2000-11-29). "Differential Cryptanalysis of Nimbus". Fast Software Encryption. Lecture Notes in Computer
Nimbus_(cipher)
Block cipher
n=(280-1)·2176+157 Borisov, et al., using a multiplicative form of differential cryptanalysis, found a complementation property for any variant of xmx, like
Xmx
Block cipher
attack Gröbner attack Linear (Piling-up lemma) Differential Impossible Truncated Higher-order Differential-linear Distinguishing (Known-key) Integral/Square
Kuznyechik
Symmetric-key block cipher
The designers analysed IDEA to measure its strength against differential cryptanalysis and concluded that it is immune under certain assumptions. No
International Data Encryption Algorithm
International_Data_Encryption_Algorithm
Family of block ciphers
found an attack on one round, and Biham and Shamir (1991) used differential cryptanalysis to attack one round with 2300 encryptions. Biham and Shamir also
REDOC
Block cipher used by the 4C Entity
Julia; Knudsen, Lars R.; Leander, Gregor; Matusiewicz, Krystian (2009). "Cryptanalysis of C2". Advances in Cryptology - CRYPTO 2009. Lecture Notes in Computer
Cryptomeria_cipher
Cryptanalytic method for unauthorized users to access data
ISBN 1-932266-65-8. Diffie, W.; Hellman, M.E. (1977). "Exhaustive Cryptanalysis of the NBS Data Encryption Standard". Computer. 10: 74–84. doi:10.1109/c-m
Brute-force_attack
Block cipher and message authentication code
encryption. Borisov, et al. applied a multiplicative form of differential cryptanalysis to break MultiSwap. Beale Screamer (18 October 2001). "Microsoft's
MultiSwap
Block cipher
Post-whitening MBAL has been shown to be susceptible to both differential cryptanalysis and linear cryptanalysis. Schneier, Bruce (1996). Applied Cryptography (2nd ed
SXAL/MBAL
Block cipher
Blowfish provides a good encryption rate in software, and no effective cryptanalysis of it has been found to date for smaller files. It is recommended Blowfish
Blowfish_(cipher)
Block ciphers
are not key-dependent, Khafre XORs subkeys every eight rounds. Differential cryptanalysis is effective against Khafre: 16 rounds can be broken using either
Khufu_and_Khafre
Block cipher
"Cryptanalysis of the Improved Cellular Message Encryption Algorithm" (PDF). The attack on CMEA Press release and the NSA response Cryptanalysis of
Cellular Message Encryption Algorithm
Cellular_Message_Encryption_Algorithm
Process of developing the AES standard
memory, low gate count implementations, FPGAs). Some designs fell due to cryptanalysis that ranged from minor flaws to significant attacks, while others lost
Advanced Encryption Standard process
Advanced_Encryption_Standard_process
Block cipher
plaintext into Pi3 produces a zero-delta output and possibly leading to a 1R differential. Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting ALGORITHM REGISTER ENTRY, registered
MULTI2
Equations in differential cryptanalysis
In cryptography, differential equations of addition (DEA) are one of the most basic equations related to differential cryptanalysis that mix additions
Differential equations of addition
Differential_equations_of_addition
Block cipher
slices. This maximizes parallelism but also allows use of the extensive cryptanalysis work performed on DES. Serpent took a conservative approach to security
Serpent_(cipher)
Family of block ciphers
software, even where differential power analysis is a concern. It is designed according to a variant of the wide-trail strategy. Cryptanalysis by Lars Knudsen
NOEKEON
Block cipher
rounds is susceptible to linear cryptanalysis, and a reduced version of 5 rounds is susceptible to differential cryptanalysis. In 2014, Alex Biryukov and
SC2000
cryptography and Chaotic cryptanalysis. Cryptography refers to encrypting information for secure transmission, whereas cryptanalysis refers to decrypting
Chaotic_cryptology
Block cipher
Cipher and Hash Function Design: Strategies based on linear and differential cryptanalysis (Ph.D. dissertation), chapter 7, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
BaseKing
Set of cryptographic algorithms by the NSA
attack Gröbner attack Linear (Piling-up lemma) Differential Impossible Truncated Higher-order Differential-linear Distinguishing (Known-key) Integral/Square
Commercial National Security Algorithm Suite
Commercial_National_Security_Algorithm_Suite
Block cipher
secure against ordinary differential and linear cryptanalysis, in 1999 Lars Knudsen and Vincent Rijmen presented a differential chosen-ciphertext attack
DFC_(cipher)
Cryptography algorithm
diagrams. However, if the offset/location information is corrupt, it will be impossible to partially recover such data due to the dependence on byte offset. Counter
Block cipher mode of operation
Block_cipher_mode_of_operation
Theoretical attack on block ciphers
known plaintexts to perform; previous methods of cryptanalysis, such as linear and differential cryptanalysis, often require unrealistically large numbers
XSL_attack
Adding data to a message prior to encryption to hide its length
letters for that purpose has the side benefit of making some kinds of cryptanalysis more difficult. Such padding is not used in modern cryptography because
Padding_(cryptography)
Chinese block cipher
December 2024. p. 1-3. Retrieved 2 February 2025. Linear and Differential Cryptanalysis of Reduced SMS4 Block Cipher Example of SMS4 implemented as a
SM4_(cipher)
Block cipher
Eli Biham and Adi Shamir showed that GDES was vulnerable to differential cryptanalysis, and that any GDES variant faster than DES is also less secure
GDES
Block cipher
suite of data cryptography solutions. Sung, Jaechul (2011). "Differential cryptanalysis of eight-round SEED". Information Processing Letters. 111 (10):
SEED
Block cipher
decorrelation theory, designed to be provably secure against differential cryptanalysis, linear cryptanalysis, and even certain types of undiscovered cryptanalytic
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