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Measures to increase the influence of Russian culture and language
Russification (Russian: русификация, romanized: rusifikatsiya), Russianisation or Russianization, is a form of cultural assimilation in which non-Russians
Russification
System of measures, actions and legislations
The Russification of Ukraine (Ukrainian: русифікація України or зросійщення України; Russian: русификация Украины) was a system of measures, actions and
Russification_of_Ukraine
Localization to the Russian language
In computing, Russification (Russian: русификация) involves the localization of computers and software, allowing the user interface of a computer and
Computer_Russification
1965 book by Ivan Dziuba
Internationalism or Russification? (Ukrainian: «Інтернаціоналізм чи русифікація?») is a book by Ukrainian writer and social activist Ivan Dziuba. It was
Internationalism or Russification?
Internationalism_or_Russification?
Russian policy of suppressing Finnish autonomy (1899–1905, 1908–17)
The policy of Russification of Finland was a governmental policy of the Russian Empire aimed at limiting the special status of the Grand Duchy of Finland
Russification_of_Finland
Overarching impact fostering a transition from Belarusian to Russian
The Russification of Belarus denotes a historical process where the integration of Russian language and culture increasingly influenced Belarusian society
Russification_of_Belarus
Ongoing conflict since 2014
disappearances, torture, crackdowns on protests and freedom of speech, enforced Russification, indoctrination of children, and suppression of Ukrainian language and
Russo-Ukrainian_war
decree of Nicholas II prohibition of the Ukrainian press. 1914, 1916 – Russification campaign in western Ukraine, the prohibition of the Ukrainian word,
Chronology of Ukrainian language suppression actions
Chronology_of_Ukrainian_language_suppression_actions
East Slavic language
Ukrainian language developed in the territory of present-day Ukraine. Russification saw the Ukrainian language banned as a subject from schools and as a
Ukrainian_language
Russian policy introduced in partitioned Poland
The Russification of Poland (Polish: rusyfikacja na ziemiach polskich; Russian: Русификация Польши, romanized: Rusifikacija Poljši) was an intense process
Russification of Poles during the Partitions
Russification_of_Poles_during_the_Partitions
Administrative unit of the Russian Empire (1809–1917) and the Russian Republic (1917)
late 19th and early 20th centuries as imperial authorities implemented Russification policies aimed at curtailing Finnish legislative and administrative
Grand_Duchy_of_Finland
Ukrainian spelling rules adopted in 1933
circumstances and required changes. In the early 1930s, a wave of total planned Russification swept over Ukraine under the slogans of the struggle against Ukrainian
Ukrainian_orthography_of_1933
Orlivka and detained them on terrorism charges. Russian imperialism Russification Population transfer in the Soviet Union Soviet war crimes Violence against
De-Tatarization_of_Crimea
Country in Eastern Europe
settlement by Russians. The tsarist autocracy established a policy of Russification, suppressing the use of the Ukrainian language and curtailing the Ukrainian
Ukraine
The "great Russification program" was a plan for new laws concerning the Grand Duchy of Finland made during the second period of oppression from 1912
Great_Russification_program
trends of Russification, while Belarus under Alexander Lukashenko and the Russian Federation under Vladimir Putin reintroduced Russification policies in
Geographical distribution of Russian speakers
Geographical_distribution_of_Russian_speakers
19th-century Swedish nationalist movement in Finland
The Svecoman movement or svecomania (Swedish: svekomani; an adherent was a svekoman, Swedish pronunciation: [sveːkʊˈmɑːn], Finland Swedish: [sveːkuˈmɑːn])
Svecoman_movement
Place
Pink Ukraine (Ukrainian: Малиновий Клин, lit. 'Raspberry Wedge'; Russian: Малиновый Клин) is a region in Kuban with a significant Ukrainian population
Pink_Ukraine
1796–1917 unit of Russia
Alexander III in 1881 marked the beginning of a period of more rigid Russification; the previous Baltic civil and criminal codes were replaced with Russian
Governorate_of_Estonia
Country in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991
to revive Stalinist ideas and governance Orphans in the Soviet Union Russification – Measures to increase the influence of Russian culture and language
Soviet_Union
Process of displacement of Russian culture
peoples: their language, culture and historical memory, lost due to Russification. The term may also refer to the marginalization of the Russian language
Derussification
Country in Eastern Europe and North Asia
Early Middle Ages Stalinist repressions World War II) Balkans Belarus (Russification Russian Empire Soviet repressions German occupation Holocaust) Bulgaria
Russia
Leader of Russia since 1999
intervention "Moscow, third Rome" Patriotism Reactionary Russian culture Russification Slavophilia Sobornost Social stratification Social order Sovereign democracy
Vladimir_Putin
1920s Soviet policy of promoting its indigenous ethnic groups
use of the Russian alphabet, which were linked to the colonial and Russification policies of the former Tsarist regime. Korenizatsiia was also designed
Korenizatsiia
Russian state from 1721 to 1917
political and judicial rights, with Russification being imposed on its schools and courts. However, Russification policies in Poland, Finland and among
Russian_Empire
Forced Russian adoption of Ukrainian children
camps" on Russian territory. The abducted children have been subject to Russification; raising children of war in a foreign nation and culture may constitute
Child abductions in the Russo-Ukrainian war
Child_abductions_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war
Soviet Ukrainian politician (1918–1990)
intelligentsia. Under Shcherbytsky's rule, Ukraine was subjected to an intensive Russification campaign as well as a rapid shift to nuclear power, which ultimately
Volodymyr_Shcherbytsky
Country in Eastern Europe and Central Asia
Early Middle Ages Stalinist repressions World War II) Balkans Belarus (Russification Russian Empire Soviet repressions German occupation Holocaust) Bulgaria
Kazakhstan
Emperor of Russia from 1894 to 1917
of his father Alexander III. In Finland he was known for his acts of Russification (the February Manifesto), which led to the first period of oppression
Nicholas_II
Finnish independence movement and volunteer military force, 1914–1918
Finnish activist movement [fi] that had emerged during the periods of Russification. From 1915, a total of 1,894 Finnish volunteers received military training
Jäger_Movement
Late-1800s Finnish nationalist movement
issuing of the February Manifesto in 1899 and the start of the era of Russification. The February Manifesto, formally His Imperial Majesty's Gracious Manifesto
Fennoman_movement
Separation from Russia, ending in 1917
Russians we cannot become, therefore Finns we must be. The first period of Russification of Finland (Finnish: Ensimmäinen sortokausi) began in 1899 with the
Independence_of_Finland
Russian of southwestern Alaska
In Ukraine Russification Writing Alphabet Orthography Spelling rules Reforms Romanization (transliteration) Cursive Computer Russification Morse code
Alaskan_Russian
Armenian history from 1828 to 1917
turned more and more towards new nationalist movements.[citation needed] Russification began in earnest in 1885, when the Viceroy of the Caucasus, Dondukov-Korsakov
Russian_Armenia
Phase since 2022 of war ongoing since 2014
disappearances; torture; crackdown on protests and freedom of speech; enforced Russification; indoctrination of children, and suppression of Ukrainian language and
Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)
Russo-Ukrainian_war_(2022–present)
1989–1991 mass movement in Ukraine
justifications, primarily relating to economic downturn and mismanagement, Russification, and authoritarianism during the Era of Stagnation and Shcherbytsky's
1989–1991 Ukrainian revolution
1989–1991_Ukrainian_revolution
Political and social unrest in the Russian Empire
impatience with their inferior status and resentment against "Russification". Russification is cultural assimilation definable as "a process culminating
Russian_Revolution_of_1905
Country in Northern Europe
the 1890s, the central government of the Russian Empire launched a Russification campaign in order to tie the Baltic governorates more closely to the
Estonia
Variation of the Christian cross
Russian Empire in the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania as a symbol of its Russification policy. One variant known as the Russian cross has only two horizontal
Russian_Orthodox_cross
Country in Eastern Europe and West Asia
Early Middle Ages Stalinist repressions World War II) Balkans Belarus (Russification Russian Empire Soviet repressions German occupation Holocaust) Bulgaria
Georgia_(country)
Citizens and nationals of the Soviet Union
more active promotion of the Russian language and later to more overt Russification, which accelerated in the 1950s,[citation needed] especially in Soviet
Soviet_people
Mixed Ukrainian–Russian language
influence; however, linguists distinguish these regional dialects from the Russification patterns of the central and eastern surzhyk. While the word almost exclusively
Surzhyk
Finnish soldier and politician (1840–1907)
Evert Gustav Waldemar Becker (6 April 1840 – 22 February 1907), also known as Becker-Bei and Ilmarinen, was a Finnish soldier, politician and adventurer
Waldemar_Becker
Mennonite settlements of Altai arose after the 19 September 1906 act of the Duma and State Council of Imperial Russia, which provided for a resettlement
Mennonite settlements of Altai
Mennonite_settlements_of_Altai
Influence of the Russian language on other languages
dominance of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union and subject to Russification. They are especially frequent in Ukrainian and Belarusian, as the languages
Russianism
Country in Eastern Europe and West Asia
Early Middle Ages Stalinist repressions World War II) Balkans Belarus (Russification Russian Empire Soviet repressions German occupation Holocaust) Bulgaria
Azerbaijan
Admiration and fondness of Russia
Russophile politicians may also support maintaining or increasing Russification policies, such as Alexander Lukashenko. The Armenian Revolutionary Federation
Russophilia
Leader of the Soviet Union from 1964 to 1982
Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev (19 December 1906 – 10 November 1982) was a Soviet politician who served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet
Leonid_Brezhnev
Country in Northern Europe
literature and society became known as the First National Awakening. Russification began in Latgale after the Polish led the January Uprising in 1863:
Latvia
Former country of Europe
Lithuania (1812) Northwestern Krai November Uprising January Uprising Russification National Revival World War I Modern era (1917–1991) October Revolution
Belarusian_State
eradicate and purge elements of the culture. For example, the policy of Russification posed significant obstacles to the development of the culture. Whilst
Culture_of_Ukraine
Leader of the Soviet Union from 1924 to 1953
Iosif Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; 18 December 1878 – 5 March 1953) was a Soviet politician and revolutionary who ruled
Joseph_Stalin
Turkic ethnic group
growing poverty. Subsequent centuries saw the Christianization and Russification of the Chuvash. During this period, most Chuvash converted to Orthodox
Chuvash_people
Country in Northern Europe
Britain. From 1899 to 1917, the Russian Empire pursued a policy of Russification, which was suspended between 1905 and 1908. In 1906, universal suffrage
Finland
Ethnic group
part of the people sometimes referred to as Ostyaks. By mixing and Russification, they were assimilated by the end of the 20th century. The Pumpokol
Pumpokol_people
Type of religious art in Ukraine
Cossacks Sich Hetmanate Pereiaslav Agreement Russian Empire Little Russia Russification Galicia Ruthenian Triad Galician Russophilia Ukrainian national revival
Icon_painting_in_Ukraine
Cossacks Sich Hetmanate Pereiaslav Agreement Russian Empire Little Russia Russification Galicia Ruthenian Triad Galician Russophilia Ukrainian national revival
Ukrainian_national_clothing
Cossacks Sich Hetmanate Pereiaslav Agreement Russian Empire Little Russia Russification Galicia Ruthenian Triad Galician Russophilia Ukrainian national revival
List_of_cities_in_Sumy_Oblast
History of printing and book publishing in Ukraine
the Ukrainian Language (in 11 volumes) (1970–1980), and intensified Russification, with print runs of Russian-language books in Ukraine consistently exceeding
Printing_in_Ukraine
Adoption of Soviet political system and mentality
Sovietization of the Baltic states Soviet patriotism Soviet empire Russification Korenizatsiia National delimitation in the Soviet Union Neo-Sovietism
Sovietization
Cossacks Sich Hetmanate Pereiaslav Agreement Russian Empire Little Russia Russification Galicia Ruthenian Triad Galician Russophilia Ukrainian national revival
List_of_cities_in_Lviv_Oblast
Ukrainian-Canadian political scientist and historian (1925–1998)
Alberta Carleton University Main interests Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, human rights, Soviet nationalities policy, Russification, multiculturalism
Bohdan_Bociurkiw
Adoption or imposition of Slavic culture on a non-Slavic population
Croatisation Czechization Macedonization Montenegrinization Polonization Russification Serbianisation Slovakization Ukrainization Hellenization Pan-Slavism
Slavicisation
Modern writing system of 33 letters
to Русский алфавит. Belarusian alphabet Bulgarian alphabet Computer russification Cyrillic alphabets List of Cyrillic digraphs and trigraphs Reforms of
Russian_alphabet
Finland Eugen Schauman Killed by a Finnish nationalist for implementing Russification in Finland. Happens on day described in James Joyce's novel Ulysses
List of assassinations in Europe
List_of_assassinations_in_Europe
Finnish politician (1851–1917)
self-governance was something von Born strongly supported. During the Russification period, von Born had early on drawn a connection between municipal self-governance
Viktor_Magnus_von_Born
Ukrainian footballer
most international rosters, particularly during his playing career (Russification of Ukraine). Oleh Protasov started playing football at the age of 8
Oleh_Protasov
Finno-Ugric ethnic group of Eastern Europe
"limited to the payment of tributes and taxes". However, intensive Russification policies were introduced during the Soviet era – the Mari language was
Mari_people
Cossacks Sich Hetmanate Pereiaslav Agreement Russian Empire Little Russia Russification Galicia Ruthenian Triad Galician Russophilia Ukrainian national revival
List of cities in Chernivtsi Oblast
List_of_cities_in_Chernivtsi_Oblast
Country in Eastern Europe
national cultures were repressed with policies of Polonization replaced by Russification which included the return to Orthodox Christianity of Belarusian Uniates
Belarus
Finnish painter (1865–1905)
known for his patriotic painting The Attack which depicts the perceived Russification of Finland by the Russian Empire. The work was widely reproduced in
Edvard_Isto
Ukrainian program to develop wveapons
Cossacks Sich Hetmanate Pereiaslav Agreement Russian Empire Little Russia Russification Galicia Ruthenian Triad Galician Russophilia Ukrainian national revival
Brave1
Cossacks Sich Hetmanate Pereiaslav Agreement Russian Empire Little Russia Russification Galicia Ruthenian Triad Galician Russophilia Ukrainian national revival
Conscription_in_Ukraine
Country in Southeastern and Central Europe
Early Middle Ages Stalinist repressions World War II) Balkans Belarus (Russification Russian Empire Soviet repressions German occupation Holocaust) Bulgaria
Romania
Country in Eastern Europe
Union in 1940 as the Moldavian SSR. During this period, policies of Russification and economic transformation deeply influenced the region. The dissolution
Moldova
century this position was threatened, as Russification policies were suggested and attempted. The Russification campaign resulted in resistance of which
SS_John_Grafton
Soviet Belarusian resistance leader and politician (1919-1980)
regarding Masherov's rule and legacy is what role he played in the Russification of Belarus, with particular attention being paid to the decline of Belarusian-language
Pyotr_Masherov
Cossacks Sich Hetmanate Pereiaslav Agreement Russian Empire Little Russia Russification Galicia Ruthenian Triad Galician Russophilia Ukrainian national revival
List of cities in Volyn Oblast
List_of_cities_in_Volyn_Oblast
Cossacks Sich Hetmanate Pereiaslav Agreement Russian Empire Little Russia Russification Galicia Ruthenian Triad Galician Russophilia Ukrainian national revival
List of cities in Ternopil Oblast
List_of_cities_in_Ternopil_Oblast
In the Russian Empire, a colony (Russian: колония) was a type of settlement, typically agricultural, created under government encouragement in sparsely
Colony_(Russian_Empire)
Soviet secret police chief (1899–1953)
nationalities. As a Georgian, he questioned the traditional policy of Russification and encouraged local officials to assert their own identities. He first
Lavrentiy_Beria
Decree issued by the Russian Empire
the Administration of the President of Ukraine. Performance against Russification and with the demand of legislative protection for the Ukrainian language
Valuev_Circular
Administrative units of the Russian Empire in the Baltic region (1721-1918)
of the Baltic Governor-General was abolished at the beginning of the Russification in the Baltic Provinces in 1876. Similar to the guberniyas of the autonomous
Baltic_Governorates
Capital and largest city of Latvia
official language in the Baltic provinces, as part of the policy of Russification of the non-Russian-speaking territories of the Russian Empire, including
Riga
Russian Civil War spillover
Lithuania (1812) Northwestern Krai November Uprising January Uprising Russification National Revival World War I Modern era (1917–1991) October Revolution
Belarusian-Soviet_conflict
A four-question referendum was held in Belarus on 14 May 1995, alongside parliamentary elections. The four issues were the possibility of giving the Russian
1995_Belarusian_referendum
After the Russian annexation of Georgia, the Russian Empire pursued the Russification policies. Part of this policy was the attempt to deprive the Georgian
Proposed Russian annexation of Abkhazia
Proposed_Russian_annexation_of_Abkhazia
Historical revisionist theory
Cossacks Sich Hetmanate Pereiaslav Agreement Russian Empire Little Russia Russification Galicia Ruthenian Triad Galician Russophilia Ukrainian national revival
Anti-Normanism
1988–1991 breakup of the sovereign state
form of economic modernization, and subjected to a certain amount of Russification, but they were at the same time strengthened by several policies pursued
Dissolution of the Soviet Union
Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union
Leader of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1924
1980s, perhaps out of Soviet antisemitism, and so as not to undermine Russification efforts, and perhaps so as not to provide fuel for anti-Soviet sentiment
Vladimir_Lenin
Ethnic group
people, part of the peoples sometimes called Ostyaks. By mixing and Russification, they were assimilated by the 19th century. Today, they are a seok of
Arin_people
Overview of prospective state mergers
Union Tuvan People's Republic 1943–1944 Yes Tuvan underwent intense Russification of social and economic practices, and virtually all remaining opposition
List of proposed state mergers
List_of_proposed_state_mergers
1932–1933 man-made famine in Soviet Ukraine
and Uman to "Leningrad", and Poltavskaia to "Krasnoarmieiskaya". Russification, the Holodomor of 1932–1933 and other tactics used by the Union government
Holodomor
Country in Southeastern Europe
Early Middle Ages Stalinist repressions World War II) Balkans Belarus (Russification Russian Empire Soviet repressions German occupation Holocaust) Bulgaria
Bulgaria
Political faction in Russia Empire
intervention "Moscow, third Rome" Patriotism Reactionary Russian culture Russification Slavophilia Sobornost Social stratification Social order Sovereign democracy
Krepostniki
1812–1917 unit of Russia
reluctantly, because there was no other alternative. As a consequence of Russification policy, Bessarabia was the most backward of the western provinces of
Bessarabia_Governorate
Intellectual movement in Russia opposed to Western European influences
of 19th-century Russian Slavophiles Slavophobia Russian philosophy Russification Romantic Nationalism Sarmatianism "Slavophile | Russian history". Encyclopedia
Slavophilia
Overview of education in Soviet Union
media, and education. Intended to counter the historical practices of Russification, it had as another practical goal assuring native-language education
Education_in_the_Soviet_Union
Russian noble family
nationalists in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th State Dumas, advocating speedy Russification of border regions and supporting Pyotr Stolypin's reforms. Like most
Bobrinsky
Cossacks Sich Hetmanate Pereiaslav Agreement Russian Empire Little Russia Russification Galicia Ruthenian Triad Galician Russophilia Ukrainian national revival
List of cities in Zakarpattia Oblast
List_of_cities_in_Zakarpattia_Oblast
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