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Israeli philosopher and historian (1897–1982)
Gershom Scholem (Hebrew: גֵרְשׁׂם שָׁלוֹם; 5 December 1897 – 21 February 1982) was a German philosopher and historian. Widely regarded as the founder
Gershom_Scholem
Surname list
Scholem, derived from the Hebrew word shalom, meaning "peace", is a surname, and may refer to: Gershom Scholem (1897–1982), also known as Gerhard Scholem
Scholem
German politician (1895–1940)
Werner Scholem (29 December 1895 – 17 July 1940) was a German communist politician and journalist who served in the Landtag of Prussia from 1921 to 1925
Werner_Scholem
Type of Jewish mysticism
2018. Scholem (1995). Scholem (1960); Scholem (1995). Talmud, b. Shabbat 104a Scholem (1941). Green (2011). Scholem (1977), pp. 28–30. Scholem (1941)
Kabbalah
German cultural critic, philosopher and social critic (1892–1940)
Kabbalah by virtue of his life-long epistolary relationship with Gershom Scholem. In popular culture and left-wing journalism he often appears as an exemplar
Walter_Benjamin
Angel in Jewish and Islamic mythology
Hebrew language, it is given as מטיטור (mṭyṭwr) or מיטטור (myṭṭwr). Gershom Scholem argues that there is no data to justify the conversion of metator to Metatron
Metatron
Polish-American novelist, dramatist, essayist (1880–1957)
Sholem Asch (Yiddish: שלום אַש, Polish: Szalom Asz; 1 November 1880 – 10 July 1957), also written Shalom Ash, was a Polish-Jewish novelist, dramatist,
Sholem_Asch
Foundational work in Kabbalah literature
Meheimna, were composed by a 14th century imitator. According to Gershom Scholem and other modern scholars, Zoharic Aramaic is an artificial dialect largely
Zohar
Jewish cultural and religious symbol
motifs which were not exclusively religious. Kabbalah scholar Gershom Scholem noted how the symbol was found on a Jewish seal in Sidon from the 7th-century
Star_of_David
American actor and director (1905–1980)
Sam Levene (born Scholem Lewin; August 28, 1905 – December 28, 1980) was an American Broadway, films, radio, and television actor and director. In a career
Sam_Levene
Contemporary religious movement
Gershom Scholem (1897 – 1982), was an Israeli philosopher and historian. Widely regarded as the founder of modern academic study of the Kabbalah, Scholem proposed
Gnosticism_in_modern_times
Ten emanations in Kabbalah
book (ספר), story (סיפור), number (מספר) and sapphire (ספיר). Gershom Scholem writes that "as early as the Sefer ha-Bahir it is related to the Hebrew
Sefirot
Different forms of mysticism in Jewish history
Academic study of Jewish mysticism, especially since Gershom Scholem's Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism (1941), draws distinctions between different forms
Jewish_mysticism
1940 essay by German philosopher and critic Walter Benjamin
1980-05-01. Retrieved 2024-04-29. Scholem, Gershom. The Correspondence of Walter Benjamin and Gershom Scholem. Schocken. Scholem, Gershom. "Letter to Shalom
Theses on the Philosophy of History
Theses_on_the_Philosophy_of_History
German writer and literary critic (1797–1856)
Praise for Heine from Betty Scholem (mother of Kabbalah scholar, Gershom Scholem, and Leninist Reichsminister, Werner Scholem) whose correspondence sent
Heinrich_Heine
Essay by Walter Benjamin
through writing the piece. He gave the completed essay to Scholem in December 1916. Scholem was nineteen years old at the time; Benjamin, twenty-two years
On Language as Such and on the Language of Man
On_Language_as_Such_and_on_the_Language_of_Man
Followers of Sabbatai Zevi
Bali (2008), pp. 91-92 Scholem, op cit., pp. 678–681; Scholem, Gershom. "Shabbetai Zevi." Encyclopaedia Judaica, pp. 348–350 Scholem, Gershom (1973). Sabbatai
Sabbateans
1941 book by Gershom Scholem
Jewish Mysticism is a work on the history of the Jewish Kabbalah by Gershom Scholem, published in 1941. The contents of the book were first assembled in the
Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism
Major_Trends_in_Jewish_Mysticism
Jewish mystic and self-proclaimed Messiah (1626–1676)
in 1985 suggests that he was buried in Dulcigno. His biographer Gershom Scholem writes that his tomb was visited by Dönme pilgrims from Salonika until
Sabbatai_Zevi
1964 book by Frances A. Yates
Structure of Scientific Revolutions, and Scholem's Origins of the Kabbalah all appear in print almost simultaneously. Scholem had reintroduced the tradition of
Giordano Bruno and the Hermetic Tradition
Giordano_Bruno_and_the_Hermetic_Tradition
Painting by Paul Klee
friend Gershom Scholem, a scholar of Jewish mysticism who had emigrated from Germany to Mandatory Palestine in 1923. According to Scholem, Benjamin felt
Angelus_Novus
Israeli scholar (1935–2022)
Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He was the first incumbent of the Gershom Scholem Chair in Jewish Mysticism at The Hebrew University. Dan was born in 1935
Joseph_Dan
Diagram used in various mystical traditions
GERSHOM G. SCHOLEM (1941-01-01). Major Trends In Jewish Mysticism. Parpola (1993); Welch & Parry (2011). Chajes (2020); Chajes (2020b). Scholem (1987), p
Tree_of_life_(Kabbalah)
Infinite, unknowable aspect of God
this is impossible in connection with the "Ein Sof". According to Gershom Scholem, the Ein Sof is the emanator of the ten sefirot. Sefirot are energy emanations
Ein_Sof
American political philosopher (1899–1973)
Rosenzweig (to whom Strauss dedicated his first book), as well as Gershom Scholem, Alexander Altmann, and the Arabist Paul Kraus, who married Strauss's sister
Leo_Strauss
Location where all ten sefirot in the Tree of Life are united as one
Laitman (2005). Scholem (1974). Cordovero (1592). Luria (1573). Green (2004). Schneur Zalman (1796). Wolfson (1997). Matt (1995). Scholem (1965). Vital
Da'at
Yiddish author and playwright (1859–1916)
Solomon Naumovich Rabinovich or Solomon Naumovych Rabinovych (2 March [O.S. 18 February] 1859 – May 13, 1916), better known under his pen name Sholem Aleichem
Sholem_Aleichem
Being in Jewish folklore made from clay
August 2026. Joshua Trachtenberg. Jewish Magic & Superstition. 1939. p. 85 Scholem, Gershom (1 January 1966). "The Golem of Prague & The Golem of Rehovoth"
Golem
Israeli academic and scholar (born 1947)
ליבס; born 1947) is an Israeli academic and scholar. He is the Gershom Scholem Professor Emeritus of Kabbalah at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Considered
Yehuda_Liebes
Hebrew religious text ascribed to Enoch
important role in the history of Jewish mysticism: the scholar Gershom Scholem wrote, "The main subjects of the later Merkabah mysticism already occupy
Book_of_Enoch
1948 book by Eugen Herrige
Gershom Scholem accused Herrigel's book of being influenced by and justifying the politics of the Nazi party on the pages of Encounter magazine. Scholem also
Zen_in_the_Art_of_Archery
the present flourishing University discipline is attributed to Gershom Scholem and his school in the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in the 20th century
List of Jewish mysticism scholars
List_of_Jewish_mysticism_scholars
Jewish nationalist movement
supporters of Ahad Ha'am's Spiritual Zionism, including Martin Buber, Gershom Scholem, Hans Kohn, "and other important figures of the intellectual elite of the
Zionism
Early Christian and Jewish religious systems
most notably put forward by historians Gershom Scholem (1897–1982) and Gilles Quispel (1916–2006). Scholem detected Jewish gnosis in the imagery of merkabah
Gnosticism
Polish-Jewish religious leader (1726–1790)
Retrieved 2015-03-16. Gershom Scholem (1995). The Messianic Idea in Judaism and other Essays on Jewish Spirituality, Gershom Scholem (1995). ushi (2018-08-23)
Jacob_Frank
Jewish religious movement created by Jacob Frank
the existence of a distinctive Frankist doctrine. According to Gershom Scholem, a 20th-century authority on Sabbateanism and Kabbalah, Kraushar called
Frankism
Third emanation in Kabbalah
70, 74–75. Scholem (1974); Kaplan (1995); Kaplan (1997). Kaplan (1997). Fine (2003). Green (2004). Bahir (1995). Talmud, Niddah 45b. Scholem (1995). Cordovero
Binah_(Kabbalah)
Malevolent creator in Gnosticism
was convincingly deconstructed by Jewish historian of religion Gershom Scholem in 1974, who showed the unattested Aramaic term to have been fabulated
Yaldabaoth
Israeli scholar of Kabbalah (born 1967)
born 1967) is an Israeli scholar of Kabbalah. He is holder of the Gershom Scholem chair in Kabbalah (together with Prof. Yehuda Liebes) in the Department
Jonathan_Garb
Jewish theologian and author
interest in and persistence toward a life as a Jewish academic. Gershom Scholem, a 20th-century scholar of Jewish mysticism, wrote that Nathan was "..
Nathan_of_Gaza
Book by Hannah Arendt examining Nazism and Stalinism
hand, Gershom Scholem criticized Eichmann in Jerusalem but still praised the Origins of Totalitarianism. In several other places, Scholem mentions that
The Origins of Totalitarianism
The_Origins_of_Totalitarianism
President of Turkey from 1923 to 1938
Mustapha Kemal with his blue eyes and blond hair resembled his... Gershom Scholem, "Doenmeh", Encyclopaedia Judaica, 2nd ed.; Volume 5: Coh-Doz, Macmillan
Mustafa_Kemal_Atatürk
Austrian-Israeli philosopher (1878–1965)
all existence. Buber was a sort of mentor figure in the lives of Gershom Scholem and Walter Benjamin, the 'Kabbalist of the Holy City' and the 'Marxist
Martin_Buber
Publisher specialising in Jewish literary works
Schocken Books is a book publishing imprint of Penguin Random House that specializes in Jewish literary works. Originally established in 1931 by Salman
Schocken_Books
Poem by Jorge Luis Borges
the poem, Borges quotes the works of German Jewish philosopher Gershom Scholem and Cratylus by Plato. Borges was fascinated by Kabbalah all his life,
El_Golem
Malicious possessing spirit in Jewish religion
ISBN 978-0838636602. "Dybbuk", Encyclopædia Britannica, retrieved 10 June 2009 Gershom Scholem. "Dibbuk". Encyclopaedia Judaica. See A. Sáenz-Badillos & J. Elwolde, A
Dybbuk
German-Jewish philosopher (1885–1953)
Berthold Brecht, Walter Benjamin, Karl Korsch, Alfred Döblin, Gershom Scholem and Robert Musil. Oskar Goldberg was born in Berlin in 1885 and raised
Oskar_Goldberg
Trachtenberg is cited favorably in Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism by Gershom Scholem, published in its first edition after Trachtenberg’s book on Jewish magic
Joshua_Trachtenberg
First emanation in Kabbalah
human perception, symbolizing spiritual purity and divine will. Gershom Scholem notes that Keter's primal light is a metaphor for the most abstract and
Keter
Branch of the Jewish mystical tradition that concerns the use of magic
theological study and Jewish meditative techniques. According to Gershom Scholem, many of the teachings of practical Kabbalah predate and are independent
Practical_Kabbalah
Signet ring attributed to the Israelite king Solomon
with the power of exorcising demons. According to Jewish scholar Gershom Scholem, the founder of the modern, academic study of Kabbalah: "It is difficult
Seal_of_Solomon
Medieval book on magic and astrology
for the Kabbalistic notion of the astral body (Hebrew: tselem), Gershom Scholem cited its occurrence in the Picatrix, and pointed out the background of
Picatrix
Essay by Walter Benjamin
Manuscripts at Hebrew University and Master of Kabbalah in Jerusalem, Gershom Scholem. The first entry in this cycle of reflections on cosmogenesis, anthropogenesis
On_the_Mimetic_Faculty
Hebrew-language Jewish mystical text dating from the Gaonic period
mysticism and the Hekhalot literature. The text was first edited by Gershom Scholem (1965). An English translation by Janowitz can be found in her Poetics
Maaseh_Merkabah
Austrian and Czech writer (1883–1924)
publisher, impresario and promoter of Kafka, Brod, Walter Benjamin and Gershom Scholem early in their careers. Martin Buber. The Letters of Martin Buber New York:
Franz_Kafka
Jewish mystical, ascetic movement in Germany during the 12th and 13th centuries
extensive academic debate. Significant research by scholars such as Gershom Scholem, Joseph Dan, and Ivan G. Marcus has explored whether the movement was a
Ashkenazi_Hasidim
Political party in Germany
prominent members of the party such as Ruth Fischer, Arkadi Maslow, Werner Scholem, Paul Schlecht, Hugo Urbahns and Guido Heym. The founding members expressed
Lenin_League
School of early Jewish mysticism
from the original on 2024-01-19. Scholem, Gershom G. Jewish Gnosticism, Merkabah Mysticism, and Talmudic Tradition. Scholem, Gershom G. (1987). Werblowsky
Merkabah_mysticism
School of kabbalah named after Isaac Luria (1534–1572)
"touching/not-touching" apprehension. In the academic study of Kabbalah, Gershom Scholem saw Lurianism as a historically located response to the trauma of Spanish
Lurianic_Kabbalah
Group of Sabbatean crypto-Jews in the Ottoman Empire
flame". According to Gershom Scholem, the lights were turned off and married couples exchanged sexual partners. Scholem describes this act as ritualistic
Dönmeh
In Jewish theology, the dwelling or settling of the divine presence of God
Kabbalah associates the shekhinah with the female. According to Gershom Scholem, "The introduction of this idea was one of the most important and lasting
Shekhinah
German neo-noir television series
Ralf Hoffrogge: A Jewish Communist in Weimar Germany The Life of Werner Scholem (1895-1940) Brill Publishers, Leiden 2017, pp. 494-528 The character of
Babylon_Berlin
Religion of the Jewish people
Machine Indiana University Press 2014 ISBN 978-0-253-01477-1 p. 1. Gershom Scholem considered 'the messianic dimensions of the Kabbalah and of rabbinic Judaism
Judaism
Belief that a Golden Age or Paradise will occur prior to the final judgment
in Ancient Judaism" (PDF). Gerschom Scholem, Sabbatai Sevi, the mystical messiah (London: Routledge, 1973). Scholem also gives examples of other Jewish
Millennialism
1963 book by Hannah Arendt
(link) Arendt, Hannah; Scholem, Gershom Gerhard; Knott, Marie Luise (2017). The correspondence of Hannah Arendt and Gershom Scholem. Chicago (Ill.): University
Eichmann_in_Jerusalem
Creation spirit in some schools of philosophy
view. Following an analysis by the Jewish historian of religion Gershom Scholem published in 1974, this etymology no longer enjoyed any notable support
Demiurge
Book by Walter Benjamin
hermetic circle of his early readers: Adorno, Horkheimer, Arendt, and Scholem. Benjamin compiled the source material for the work that would become The
The Origin of German Tragic Drama
The_Origin_of_German_Tragic_Drama
Reggio with whom he had studied Kabbalah in Venice under Moses Zacuto. Scholem also mentions in several places the correspondence about Sabbatean affairs
Abraham_Rovigo
Six-pointed star polygon
Solomon Star of Bethlehem Star of David Unicursal hexagram Sacred geometry Scholem 1949, p. 244:"It is not to be found at all in medieval synagogues or on
Hexagram
Unfinished book by Walter Benjamin
first mentioned the Arcades Project in a 1927 letter to his friend Gershom Scholem, describing it as his attempt to use collage techniques in literature.
Arcades_Project
One of the transmigration forms of the soul
and the Dibbuk). Gershom Scholem Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism, New York: Schocken, 1961. ISBN 0-8052-0005-3 Gershom Scholem Kabbalah, New York: Dorset
Ibbur
life and death of Messiah Ben Joseph (in Hebrew). Jerusalem: Yad Ben Zvi. Scholem, Sabbatai Sevi: The Mystical Messiah: 1626–1676, pp. 103–106 has a whole
List_of_messiah_claimants
German, Jewish, and American historian and philosopher (1906–1975)
Arendt, Hannah; Scholem, Gershom (2017) [2011]. Knott, Marie Louise (ed.). The Correspondence of Hannah Arendt and Gershom Scholem. Translated by Anthony
Hannah_Arendt
Part of Jewish spirituality
H. Beck, München 1995, ISBN 3-406-39659-3, p. 13f. Scholem in Encyclopaedia Judaica, 1929 Scholem in Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism Rapoport-Albert
Primary_texts_of_Kabbalah
British actress (born 1959)
were childhood refugees from Nazi Germany; her grandfather was Werner Scholem, who was killed in Buchenwald. Mellinger trained at the Central School
Leonie_Mellinger
1975 opera by Mieczysław Weinberg
Geschichte und Gegenwart 1977 Pozdravljaem (Wir gratulieren; Weinberg nach Scholem Alejchem) op. 111 (1975; 13. Sept 1983 ebd.) On Russian Music p 378 v t
Congratulations!
French philosopher (1950–2026)
Emden ou l'anti-Sabbataï Zewi, Traduit de l'hébreu, Cerf, 1992 Gershom Scholem. Le nom et les symboles de Dieu dans la mystique juive. Paris, Cerf, 1983
Maurice-Ruben_Hayoun
Biblical Hebrew word; 2nd emanation in Kabbalah
Kaplan (1995), p. [page needed]. Job 28:28. Smith (2021). Kaplan (1997). Scholem (1995). Fine (2003). Ashlag (2002). Job 28:12. Green (2004), p. 30. Bahir
Chokmah
Jewish heritage library in Jerusalem
archives Gershom Scholem: the personal archives The Gershom Scholem Collection for the Research of Kabbalah and Hasidism, including Scholem's personal library
National_Library_of_Israel
Early work of Jewish Kabbalah
major themes of modern-day research on Kabbalah; see the works of Gershom Scholem and Moshe Idel for more information. There is a striking affinity between
Bahir
Yiddish writer, including poetry (1876–1953)
(with his brother Zalman, Chaim Zhitlovsky, Peretz, and his close friends Scholem Asch and Hersh Dovid Nomberg) of Yiddishism, he took part in the Czernowitz
Avrom_Reyzen
Impure spiritual forces in Kabbalah
Grant, Kenneth (1994). Cults of the Shadow. Skoob. ISBN 978-1871438673. Scholem, Gershom (1974). Kabbalah. Quadrangle/New York Times Book Company. ISBN 978-0812903522
Qlippoth
Political party in Germany
"left" wing of the KPD, such as Ruth Fischer, Hugo Urbahns, and Werner Scholem, as well as "ultra-left" members of parliament such as Iwan Katz, Karl
Left Communists (Weimar Republic)
Left_Communists_(Weimar_Republic)
Greek mythological figure
1987), p. 311; Steven M. Wasserstrom, Religion after Religion: Gershom Scholem, Mircea Eliade, and Henry Corbin at Eranos (Princeton University Press
Prometheus
Book by Abraham of Worms
the authoritative texts. According to respected Kabbalah scholar Gershom Scholem, the Hebrew version in Oxford was translated into Hebrew from German. An
The_Book_of_Abramelin
American professor (born 1935)
ISBN 0-393-31499-5 Necessary Angels: Tradition and Modernity in Kafka, Benjamin, and Scholem, 1991, Harvard University Press, ISBN 978-0-674-60663-0 Imagined Cities:
Robert_Alter
International Jewish research institute
influential Jewish scholars including Hannah Arendt, Martin Buber and Gershom Scholem. The Leo Baeck Medal has been awarded since 1978 to those who have helped
Leo_Baeck_Institute
Book of Jewish apocrypha
received after this heavenly transformation the name Metatron. — Gershom Scholem (1941), Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism, p. 67. 3 Enoch is not included
3_Enoch
Rabbi in the 14th century
of Chelo's itinerary, wrote "Laresa du royaume d'Aragon", which Gershom Scholem interpreted as an erroneous spelling of Lerida. However, Dan Shapira took
Isaac_Chelo
Italian rabbi
The Case of Ḥakham Ẓevi Ashkenazi. מחקרי ירושלים במחשבת ישראל, 31-49. Scholem, Gershom (2007). "Pinheiro, Moses". In Berenbaum, Michael; Skolnik, Fred
Moses_Pinheiro
German philosopher
University of Erlangen. In a letter to the magazine Encounter, Gershom Scholem writes: "Herrigel joined the Nazi Party after the outbreak of the war and
Eugen_Herrigel
Spanish-born Jewish kabbalist
being one of the sources of the myths around the demons Samael and Lilith. Scholem, Gershom (1990). Werblowsky, R. J. Zwi (ed.). Origins of the Kabbalah.
Isaac_ben_Jacob_ha-Cohen
Falsely attributed works
the Zohar, such as that by the 20th century religious historian Gershom Scholem, has theorized that de León was the actual author, as textual analysis
Pseudepigrapha
German lawyer and activist
Berlin law student von Hammerstein-Equord had a love affair with Werner Scholem, a member of the German Reichstag between 1924 and 1928, and a leading
Marie_Luise_von_Hammerstein
Hidden name of God in Judaism and occultism
(2007), pp. 366–376. Rudd (2007), pp. 408–412. Skinner (2006), pp. 41–48. Scholem (1974), pp. 200–201. Boldy (2013), p. 89. Alazraki (1988), p. 22. Alexander
Shem_HaMephorash
Tree in the Garden of Eden
Ukrainian Orthodoxy, archived from the original on February 27, 2007 Scholem, Gershom Gerhard (1990). Origins of the Kabbalah. Princeton University
Tree_of_life_(biblical)
Theosophist: Gershom Scholem's Research on Ephraim Joseph Hirschfeld". Scholar and Kabbalist: The Life and Work of Gershom Scholem. Brill. pp. 17–39. doi:10
Ephraim_Joseph_Hirschfeld
10th century Jewish scholar and official
Eliyahu Dessler Monsieur Chouchani Emmanuel Levinas Martin Buber Gershom Scholem Abraham Isaac Kook Joseph Soloveitchik Menachem Mendel Schneerson Topics
Hasdai_ibn_Shaprut
Angel in Abrahamic religions
Interpretation. Tucson, Arizona: The University of Arizona. Retrieved 21 June 2025. Scholem, Gershom Gerhard (1990). Origins of the Kabbalah. Princeton University
Gabriel
Prison and memorial in Saxony-Anhalt
28, 1883. In the First World War, from February to August 1917, Werner Scholem, a soldier and later member of the Reichstag in the KPD, was interned in
Roter_Ochse
travel, tourism, insurance
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