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Extinct Baltic language of Semigallia
Semigallian, also known as Zemgalian (Latvian: Zemgaļu valoda; Lithuanian: Žiemgalių kalba), was an East Baltic language of the Baltic language sub-family
Semigallian_language
Topics referred to by the same term
Semigallian may refer to: Semigallia, a region in Latvia Semigallians, a Baltic tribe Semigallian language, an extinct Baltic language This disambiguation
Semigallian
Baltic tribe
Semigallians (Latvian: Zemgaļi; Lithuanian: Žiemgaliai; also Zemgalians, Semigalls or Semigalians) were the Baltic tribe that lived in the south central
Semigallians
Branch of Baltic languages
includes now-extinct Selonian, Semigallian, and possibly Old Curonian. Lithuanian is the most-spoken East Baltic language, with more than 3 million speakers
East_Baltic_languages
Duke of Semigallia
Nameisis or Namejs (also Nameise, Nameyxe) was a Semigallian duke in the second half of the 13th century. He ruled in the western part of Semigallia,
Nameisis
Historic region in Latvia
territory is split between Latvia and Lithuania, previously inhabited by the Semigallian Baltic tribe. They are noted for their long resistance (1219–1290) against
Semigallia
Ancestor of the Indo-European languages
from documented Indo-European languages. Far more work has gone into reconstructing PIE than any other proto-language. The majority of linguistic work
Proto-Indo-European_language
East Baltic language
Latgalian, which developed into Latvian, and extinct Curonian, Semigallian, and Selonian). The language of Southern Balts was less influenced by this process and
Lithuanian_language
There are also several extinct Baltic languages, including: Curonian, Galindian, Old Prussian, Selonian, Semigallian, and Sudovian. Albanian (c. 7.5 million)
Languages_of_Europe
East Baltic language
of other neighbouring Baltic tribes—Curonian, Semigallian, and Selonian—which resulted in these languages gradually losing their most distinct characteristics
Latvian_language
Branch of the Indo-European language family
The Baltic languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family spoken natively or as a second language by a population of about 6.5–7.0 million
Baltic_languages
in medieval Greece Baltic Proto-Baltic Curonian Old Prussian Selonian Semigallian Sudovian Dnieper-Oka Golyad Pomeranian Baltic West Galindian Outline
List of Balto-Slavic languages
List_of_Balto-Slavic_languages
competes as one of the oldest European sign languages. Three Baltic languages, Curonian, Selonian and Semigallian were assimilated to Lithuanian in the 16th
Evolution_of_languages
Livonic Courland / North Courland Livonic / Tāmnieku Selonian (extinct) Semigallian (extinct) Old Lithuanian (extinct) Lithuanian / Broad Lithuanian Lithuanian
List of Indo-European languages
List_of_Indo-European_languages
extinct language may be narrowly defined as a language with no native speakers and no descendant languages. Under this definition, a language becomes
List of languages by time of extinction
List_of_languages_by_time_of_extinction
parent language in Europe. Europe portal Language portal Lists of extinct languages List of endangered languages in Europe "Aequian - MultiTree". LINGUIST
List of extinct languages and dialects of Europe
List_of_extinct_languages_and_dialects_of_Europe
East Baltic language
language, which later spread through the rest of modern Latvia, absorbing features of the Old Curonian, Semigallian, Selonian and Livonian languages.
Latgalian_language
12th–13th-century Baltic Christianisation campaign
Polotsk, and were often under attack by their southern neighbours the Semigallians, at first considered the Low Germans (Saxons) to be useful allies. The
Livonian_Crusade
Eastern Baltic language spoken in Lithuania
displaced or assimilated the indigenous Semigallian-speaking peoples. Assimilation of Curonians and Semigallians gave birth to the three Samogitian dialects
Samogitian_language
12th- and 13th-century crusades around the Baltic Sea
Latgallians, Selonians, and Estonians (by the Germans and Danes, 1193–1227). Semigallians and Curonians (1219–1290). Old Prussians (1219 and 1222). Lithuanians
Northern_Crusades
Duke of Semigallia
Viestards (also Viesthard, Vesthardus, Viesturs; died 1230) was a Semigallian duke in the 13th century, referred to as King Vester (Old High German: konic
Viestards
Catholic military order (1204–1237)
Latvia and Lithuania. Following their defeat by the Samogitians and Semigallians in the Battle of Saule in 1236, the remnants of the order were disbanded
Livonian Brothers of the Sword
Livonian_Brothers_of_the_Sword
Group of peoples in northern Europe
peoples inhabiting the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea who speak Baltic languages. Among the Baltic peoples are modern-day Lithuanians (including Samogitians)
Balts
Lithuanian ethnic group
Samogitians lived in western Lithuania and were closely related to Semigallians and Curonians. In 1413, they became the last group of Europeans to convert
Samogitians
1279 battle between Lithuania and the Teutonic Order
the order in the 13th century. After the battle Duke Nameisis of the Semigallians recognized Traidenis as his suzerain. In 1273 the order built Dinaburga
Battle_of_Aizkraukle
Ethnic group in the Baltics
completely depopulated. This vacuum was filled by Latvian tribes – Curonians, Semigallians, Latgallians and Selonians – who started to move into the area around
Livonians
Lithuanian ethnographic region
historical Žemaitija (before 12th–13th centuries it was inhabited by southern Semigallians and southern Curonians) became ethnically Lithuanian between the 13th
Samogitia
Traditional Latvian ring
found in ancient Latgalian lands. The name “Namejs” derives from the Semigallian legend about the political and military leader Namejs in the late 13th
Namejs_Ring
Observance every September 22 in Lithuania and Latvia
commemorating the 1236 Battle of Saule, where the joint pagan Samogitian and Semigallian forces decisively defeated the Livonian Brothers of the Sword. The day
Baltic_Unity_Day
1236 battle of the Livonian Crusade
the Livonian Brothers of the Sword and pagan troops of Samogitians and Semigallians. Between 48 and 60 knights were killed, including the Livonian Master
Battle_of_Saule
European state (c. 1236–1795)
1259 and the Battle of Durbe in 1260. This encouraged the conquered Semigallians and Old Prussians to rebel against the Knights. Encouraged by Treniota
Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania
Lowland in Lithuania
from the following smaller geological regions—the Mūša-Nemunėlis Plain, Semigallian Plain, Nevėžis Plain, Karšuva Plain and Užnemunė Plain. Also, the Linkuva
Central_Lithuanian_Plain
Grand Duke of Lithuania from c. 1270 to 1282
Traidenis. The defeat encouraged the conquered Semigallians to rebel against the Order. The Semigallians, led by Nameisis, were now willing to acknowledge
Traidenis
Medieval Baltic tribe
During the Livonian crusade, Curonians formed an alliance with the Semigallians, resulting in a joint attack against Riga in 1228. In the same time,
Curonians
1260 battle of the Livonian Crusade
the Great Prussian Uprising (ended in 1274) and the rebellions of the Semigallians (surrendered in 1290), the Couronians (surrendered in 1267), and the
Battle_of_Durbe
Country in Northern Europe
Selonians, Semigallians (in Latvian: kurši, latgaļi, sēļi and zemgaļi), as well as the Finnic tribe of Livonians (lībieši) speaking a Finnic language. In the
Latvia
Medieval East Baltic tribe
culturally and linguistically ancient Samogitians were closer to Curonians, Semigallians and Selonians than to the Lithuanians. The Samogitians formed a tribal
Lithuanians_(tribe)
the merger of Latgalians, as the main component, with the Selonians, Semigallians, Curonians and Livonians, the last ones are a Finnic people and not an
List of ancient Baltic peoples and tribes
List_of_ancient_Baltic_peoples_and_tribes
Given name and surname
name Viesturs (also, Viestards, Viesthard, and Vesthardus; d. 1230), Semigallian duke Viesturs Bērziņš (born 1974), Latvian cyclist Viesturs Kairišs (born
Viesturs_(name)
Baltic ethnic group
by several Baltic tribal entities (Sudovians, Lithuanians, Curonians, Semigallians, Selonians, Samogitians, Skalvians, Old Prussians (Nadruvians)), as attested
Lithuanians
Vassal state of the Holy See
last to be subjugated and Christianised were Oeselians, Curonians and Semigallians.[citation needed] This crusade differed from many other crusades because
Terra_Mariana
State city in Semigallia, Latvia
southern fortress, the German knights subdued the surrounding Livonians and Semigallians by 1290. The town rose in importance as a defensive fixture against the
Jelgava
Cinema-purposed area in Tukums Municipality, Latvia
and the wooden architecture of Pārdaugava, as well as a 13th-century Semigallian settlement with a castle, harbour, ships and Viking-style buildings.
Cinevilla
Historical region in Latvia
specific indigenous groups included the Estonians, Livonians, Curonians, Semigallians, Selonians, Latgalians, and Lithuanians The Livonian Chronicle of Henry
Courland
State of the German Empire
Baltic Finns (Livonians, Vends) Balts Latgalians Curonians Selonians Semigallians Middle Ages Principality of Jersika Principality of Koknese Tālava Livonian
Free_City_of_Riga
Historic region along the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea
Bishopric of Riga in the conversion of the pagan Curonians, Livonians, Semigallians, and Latgalians living on the shores of the Gulf of Riga. The membership
Livonia
Historical region in Latvia
lands of the Livs and Latgalians on the right bank and those of the Semigallians and Selonians on the left bank of the river. The most notable Latgalian
Vidzeme
Master (Herrmeister) of the Livonian Brothers of the Sword from 1209 to 1236
Northern Crusades in Latvia and Estonia against the Samogitians, Curonians, Semigallians, and Selonians. He was ultimately killed by the Samogitians during the
Volkwin
Village in Latvia
Semigallia (Zemgale) in the Middle Ages. According to popular legend the Semigallian king Nameisis made a ring called the "namejs" so he could be identified
Tērvete
Legislative body of Latvia
Baltic Finns (Livonians, Vends) Balts Latgalians Curonians Selonians Semigallians Middle Ages Principality of Jersika Principality of Koknese Tālava Livonian
Constitutional Assembly of Latvia
Constitutional_Assembly_of_Latvia
1918–20 conflict between the newly-declared Republic of Latvia and the Russian SFSR
Baltic Finns (Livonians, Vends) Balts Latgalians Curonians Selonians Semigallians Middle Ages Principality of Jersika Principality of Koknese Tālava Livonian
Latvian_War_of_Independence
1795–1918 unit of Russia
of Russification in the late 19th century, the official administrative language of higher authorities and courts was German, while parish courts also kept
Courland_Governorate
Administrator of the Imperial German occupational forces on the Eastern Front of WWI
had to rely on interpreters who spoke Lithuanian, Latvian or Polish. The language problems were not helped by the thinly-stretched administrations, which
Ober_Ost
1915–1920 Russian military unit formed to defend against Germans
Baltic Finns (Livonians, Vends) Balts Latgalians Curonians Selonians Semigallians Middle Ages Principality of Jersika Principality of Koknese Tālava Livonian
Latvian_Riflemen
Lithuanian ethnographic region in former Prussia
Lithuania also did not manage to retain Semigallian castles lying north from Lithuania and the Semigallians fell under the Order finally during Gediminas's
Lithuania_Minor
13th–15th century military campaigns by the Teutonic Order
conquered other neighboring Baltic tribes—proto-Latvians (Curonians, Semigallians, Latgalians, Selonians) and Old Prussians—in the Livonian and Prussian
Lithuanian_Crusade
Three countries east of the Baltic Sea
and Baltic tribal societies, including the Estonians, Livs, Curonians, Semigallians, Latgalians, and Selonians. Farther south, in the lands that would later
Baltic_states
Proposed German Empire client state, 1918
Baltic Finns (Livonians, Vends) Balts Latgalians Curonians Selonians Semigallians Middle Ages Principality of Jersika Principality of Koknese Tālava Livonian
United_Baltic_Duchy
King of Sweden from 1022 to 1050
to Ingvar's convincing persuasion, the Semigallians and Swedes reached an agreement. Three tribal Semigallian chieftains, however, refused to pay the
Anund_Jacob
merged into Lithuanians and Latvians (Samogitians, Selonians, Curonians, Semigallians), while others no longer existed after they were conquered and assimilated
History_of_Lithuania
King of Sweden from c. 995 to 1022
and grand-nephew Ingvar the Far-Travelled and subdued the recalcitrant Semigallian chieftains through persuasion and warfare. The reliability of the saga
Olof_Skötkonung
Baltic dominion of the Swedish Empire (1629–1721)
Baltic Finns (Livonians, Vends) Balts Latgalians Curonians Selonians Semigallians Middle Ages Principality of Jersika Principality of Koknese Tālava Livonian
Swedish_Livonia
Vassal state of Lithuania (1561–1629) and Poland-Lithuania (1629-1721)
Baltic Finns (Livonians, Vends) Balts Latgalians Curonians Selonians Semigallians Middle Ages Principality of Jersika Principality of Koknese Tālava Livonian
Duchy_of_Livonia
(850s-870) Location: Eastern Europe Swedes (Germanic tribe) Slavs Curonians Semigallians Finnic peoples. Swedish victory establishment of control over the Route
List_of_wars_involving_Sweden
Branch of the Teutonic Order, 1237–1561
Hanseatic League was the established language, but was subsequently succeeded by High German as official language in the course of the 16th and 17th centuries
Livonian_Order
Latvian political party
cf. Latvian National Awakening), printed in the Latvian and Russian languages during 1989-1992. Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania were occupied by the Soviet
Popular_Front_of_Latvia
Soviet republic from 1940 to 1990
power of the locally born communists, enforcing the Latvian language as the state language.[better source needed] This group was led by Eduards Berklavs
Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic
Latvian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic
13th-century manuscript about the Livonian Crusade
Novgorod and Pskov there were the Estonians, Livonians, Curonians, Semigallians, Selonians, Latgalians (also known as Letts), and Lithuanians. The Western
Livonian_Chronicle_of_Henry
Medieval Catholic state in present-day Latvia (1186-1561)
Baltic Finns (Livonians, Vends) Balts Latgalians Curonians Selonians Semigallians Middle Ages Principality of Jersika Principality of Koknese Tālava Livonian
Archbishopric_of_Riga
peoples Livonians Latgalians Selonians Estonians Oeselians Curonians Semigallians Victory Terra Mariana Duchy of Estonia 1204–1208 The Second Bagler War
List of wars involving Denmark
List_of_wars_involving_Denmark
Latgalian country disestablished 1224
Baltic Finns (Livonians, Vends) Balts Latgalians Curonians Selonians Semigallians Middle Ages Principality of Jersika Principality of Koknese Tālava Livonian
Tālava
Eastern Baltic ethnic group
modern Latvians and Lithuanians. They spoke the Eastern Baltic Selonian language. Little is known about the Selonians. There is little archaeological evidence
Selonians
promote the Christianization and conquest of the Livonians, Curonians, Semigallians, and Estonians near the Gulf of Riga. The Order waged a number of successful
History of Lithuania (1219–1295)
History_of_Lithuania_(1219–1295)
1270 Livonian Crusade battle
subjugated the Semigallians by 1250. However, after the Livonian defeats in the 1259 Battle of Skuodas and the 1260 Battle of Durbe, the Semigallians rebelled
Battle_of_Karuse
Crusade in England (1215–1217) Fifth Crusade (1217–1221) Crusade against Semigallians (1219–1290) Crusade against Frederick II (1220–1241) Prussian Crusades
List_of_Crusades
Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1264 to 1267
Great Prussian Uprising ceased, and the orders made advances against Semigallians and Curonians uninterrupted. Together with Shvarn, Vaišvilkas attacked
Vaišvilkas
Town in Aukštaitija, Lithuania
central square of Linkuva. The lands were inhabited by a Baltic tribe, the Semigallians. Linkuva was first mentioned in 1371 in Livonian chronicles by Hermann
Linkuva
Manor house in Latvia
Vadakste River. In ancient times it was location of the Semigallian mound and the last Semigallian settlement before tribe moved to modern days Lithuania
Vadakste_Manor
Ancient Baltic tribe
were an ancient Baltic tribe. They likely spoke a variant of the Latvian language, which probably became the lingua franca in present-day Latvia during the
Latgalians
Town and capital of Bauska Municipality, Latvia
per km2. By the early 13th century, this territory was inhabited by Semigallian tribes. In the mid-15th century, Bauska castle was built by Germans of
Bauska
Medieval military order
next decades the Order focused on the subjugation of the Curonians and Semigallians. In 1260 it suffered a disastrous defeat in the Battle of Durbe against
Teutonic_Order
First military takeover of Latvia by the Soviet Union
Baltic Finns (Livonians, Vends) Balts Latgalians Curonians Selonians Semigallians Middle Ages Principality of Jersika Principality of Koknese Tālava Livonian
Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940
Soviet_occupation_of_Latvia_in_1940
German Augustinian canon regular and the first Bishop of Livonia
Livonia on a Catholic mission in the 1170s or early 1180s to convert pagan Semigallians, Latgalians, and Livonians into Christianity. He settled on the Daugava
Saint_Meinhard
Three national revival movements in Latvia
Baltic Finns (Livonians, Vends) Balts Latgalians Curonians Selonians Semigallians Middle Ages Principality of Jersika Principality of Koknese Tālava Livonian
Latvian_national_awakening
Town in Latvia
left bank of the Lielupe river near the Lithuanian border. An ancient Semigallian castle mound is located near Mežotne. Mežotne Palace was the former Lieven
Mežotne
1796–1918 unit of Russia
German nobles insisted on preserving their privileges and use of the German language. In 1819 the serfs of Livonia were liberated by Tsar Alexander I, in a
Governorate_of_Livonia
Baltic Finns (Livonians, Vends) Balts Latgalians Curonians Selonians Semigallians Middle Ages Principality of Jersika Principality of Koknese Tālava Livonian
2008_Latvian_financial_crisis
Socialist republic formed during the Latvian War of Independence (1918-20)
Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia (in Latvian) Decree on use of languages in official documents, 8 March 1919 Purs, Aldis; Plakans, Andrejs (2017)
Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic
Latvian_Socialist_Soviet_Republic
Adopted as official flag of Selonia in April 2023. 2023–present Flag of Semigallians A dark green flag with a narrow white band at the middle. Adopted as
List_of_flags_of_Latvia
Baltic principality (1180s–1206)
Baltic Finns (Livonians, Vends) Balts Latgalians Curonians Selonians Semigallians Middle Ages Principality of Jersika Principality of Koknese Tālava Livonian
Principality_of_Koknese
Town in Ogre Municipality, Latvia
During the Livonian Crusade, Ikšķile Castle was repeatedly attacked by Semigallian troops from the left bank of the Daugava, and in 1203 and 1206 Prince
Ikšķile
Part of the occupation of the Baltic states
Baltic Finns (Livonians, Vends) Balts Latgalians Curonians Selonians Semigallians Middle Ages Principality of Jersika Principality of Koknese Tālava Livonian
German occupation of Latvia during World War II
German_occupation_of_Latvia_during_World_War_II
Ethnic Germans living around the Baltic Sea
territories. With the decline of Latin, Low German became the dominant language of official documents, commerce, education and government and later on
Baltic_Germans
Self-coup by Prime Minister Kārlis Ulmanis
Baltic Finns (Livonians, Vends) Balts Latgalians Curonians Selonians Semigallians Middle Ages Principality of Jersika Principality of Koknese Tālava Livonian
1934_Latvian_coup_d'état
Executive council and parliament of Latvia in 1918
Baltic Finns (Livonians, Vends) Balts Latgalians Curonians Selonians Semigallians Middle Ages Principality of Jersika Principality of Koknese Tālava Livonian
People's_Council_of_Latvia
Baltic ecclesiastical state (1254–1562)
Werth returned in his bishopric only after suppression of Curonian and Semigallian insurgencies in 1290. During the Livonian War (1558–1582), under the
Bishopric_of_Courland
Baltic Finns (Livonians, Vends) Balts Latgalians Curonians Selonians Semigallians Middle Ages Principality of Jersika Principality of Koknese Tālava Livonian
Latvian Provisional Government
Latvian_Provisional_Government
13th-century revolts by Old Prussians against the Teutonic Knights
preoccupied with their own disputes and the Livonian Order was fighting the Semigallian uprising. The first reinforcement to the Teutonic forces arrived in early
Prussian_uprisings
1990 Latvian legal document restoring the country's independence
Baltic Finns (Livonians, Vends) Balts Latgalians Curonians Selonians Semigallians Middle Ages Principality of Jersika Principality of Koknese Tālava Livonian
On the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia
On_the_Restoration_of_Independence_of_the_Republic_of_Latvia
Baltic German theologian (1593–1654)
Latvian. His works strengthened the Semigallian dialects of the Middle dialect as the basis of the Latvian written language. Also significant are the prefaces
Georg_Mancelius
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