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Impact of Edward Snowden leaks
referred to by media and others as the "Snowden effect". In July 2013, media critic Jay Rosen defined the Snowden effect as "Direct and indirect gains in public
Snowden_effect
American whistleblower (born 1983)
Edward Joseph Snowden (born June 21, 1983) is a former National Security Agency (NSA) intelligence contractor who, acting as a whistleblower, leaked classified
Edward_Snowden
Communications protocol security extension
Peterson, Andrea (12 August 2014). "Facebook's security chief on the Snowden effect, the Messenger app backlash and staying optimistic". The Washington
Opportunistic_TLS
Disclosures of NSA and related global espionage
Edward Snowden. The documents consist of intelligence files relating to the U.S. and other Five Eyes countries. In June 2013, the first of Snowden's documents
Snowden_disclosures
British journalist and playwright (born 1971)
Guardian editor". Financial Times'. Wolff, Michael (20 March 2015). "Snowden effect hits 'Guardian'". USA Today. Wilby, Peter (8 April 2015). "Labour in
Katharine_Viner
African-American dancer
George "Shorty" Snowden (July 4, 1904 – May 1982) was an African American dancer in Harlem during the 1920s and 1930s. Snowden was best known for his improvisational
George_Snowden
American journalist and Sr Advisor, Brennan Center for Justice
Panel on Vimeo". Vimeo.com. 2013-10-11. Retrieved 2017-02-24. ""The Snowden Effect": Leaks and Consequences at the NSA | Shorenstein Center by Harvard
Barton_Gellman
Decision-making framework
Cause and effect can only be deduced in retrospect, and there are no right answers. "Instructive patterns ... can emerge," write Snowden and Boone, "if
Cynefin_framework
Swedish software company
provider. Comparison of firewalls "Clavister gets competitive break with 'Snowden effect,' seizes new market opportunities". 451research. Retrieved 13 January
Clavister
program of the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA) that, according to Edward Snowden, can autonomously recognize and respond to a foreign cyberattack. The existence
MonsterMind
Book by Edward Snowden
Permanent Record is a 2019 autobiography by Edward Snowden, whose revelations sparked a global debate about surveillance. It was published on September
Permanent Record (autobiography)
Permanent_Record_(autobiography)
British electronic engineer and academic
Sir Christopher Maxwell Snowden, FRS, , FIET (born 1956) is a British electronic engineer and academic. He was the former Vice-Chancellor of Surrey University
Christopher_Snowden
Model used in risk analysis
Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 4–6. ISBN 0-7506-2851-0. Tim Amos & Peter Snowden (2005). "Risk management". In Adrian J. B. James; Tim Kendall & Adrian
Swiss_cheese_model
Discouragement of exercising rights by threats of legal sanctions
counter-terrorism measures can have a chilling effect on the enjoyment of fundamental freedoms and human rights. Edward Snowden disclosed in 2013 that the US government's
Chilling_effect
Theory in international relations
telecommunications companies to provide access to vast amounts of global data. The Snowden revelations exposed how this surveillance targeted foreign citizens and
Weaponized_interdependence
American management and consulting IT firm
Leaker Snowden On Monday : The Two-Way : NPR". npr.org. NPR. Retrieved July 28, 2013. Taylor, Adam (June 9, 2013). "Booz Allen Confirms Edward Snowden As
Booz_Allen_Hamilton
Mass surveillance program run by the NSA
(FISA). Its existence was leaked six years later by NSA contractor Edward Snowden, who warned that the extent of mass data collection was far greater than
PRISM
Accolades of American whistleblower
received by Edward Snowden are part of the reactions to global surveillance disclosures made by Edward Snowden. A subject of controversy, Snowden has been variously
List of awards and honors received by Edward Snowden
List_of_awards_and_honors_received_by_Edward_Snowden
Mass surveillance across national borders
the mainstream media until the global surveillance disclosures by Edward Snowden triggered a debate about the right to privacy in the Digital Age. One such
Global_surveillance
British preschool animated TV series
herself has been voiced by several performers through the years: Lily Snowden-Fine in series 1; Cecily Bloom in season 2; Harley Bird from "Peppa's Christmas"
Peppa_Pig
Optical illusion
The flash lag illusion or flash-lag effect is a visual illusion wherein a flash and a moving object that appear in the same location are perceived to be
Flash_lag_illusion
2020 court case on NSA telephone surveillance
the National Security Agency, the details of which were leaked by Edward Snowden, was illegal. The case proceeded slowly because of classified data, taking
United_States_v._Moalin
The global surveillance disclosure released to media by Edward Snowden has caused tension in the bilateral relations of the United States with several
Reactions to global surveillance disclosures
Reactions_to_global_surveillance_disclosures
2012 film
2012 supernatural horror film directed by Ole Bornedal, written by Juliet Snowden and Stiles White, and produced by Sam Raimi, Robert Tapert, and J. R. Young
The_Possession
British and American programmer and businessman (1945–2021)
31 March 2024. Retrieved 31 March 2024. John McAfee: I'm Behind Edward Snowden. Fox Business. 27 June 2013. Archived from the original on 24 December
John_McAfee
American actor (born 1984)
initially left Russia. He returned later without any apparent negative effect on his career, though his friendship with Okhlobystin had become untenable
Odin_Biron
U.S. signals intelligence organization
many of its secret surveillance programs revealed to the public by Edward Snowden, a former NSA contractor. According to the leaked documents, the NSA intercepts
National_Security_Agency
American lawyer and politician (born 1975)
National Intelligence confirmation hearing—whether he would call Edward Snowden a traitor—he said many asking this oppose Gabbard because she would "reform
Eric_Schmitt
Australian WikiLeaks editor (born 1971)
administrators, Assange and WikiLeaks' role in helping Snowden flee the US, their use of Snowden as a recruitment tool, and WikiLeaks' exploiting a vulnerability
Julian_Assange
Open-source encrypted webmail service, founded in 2004
(TLS) private keys, in order to allow the government to spy on Edward Snowden's email. Lavabit's owner and operator, Ladar Levison, announced on January
Lavabit
Social networking service owned by Meta Platforms
Newsroom. Retrieved May 27, 2019. "Snowden Docs: British Spies Used Sex and 'Dirty Tricks'". NBC News. February 7, 2014. "Snowden leaks: GCHQ 'attacked Anonymous'
American social networking service
traditional journalism being censored. According to documents leaked by Edward Snowden and published in July 2014, the United Kingdom's GCHQ has a tool named
X_(social_network)
Ethics of mass data analytics
Von Solms, Sune; Van Heerden, Renier (2015). "The consequences of Edward Snowden NSA related information disclosures". Proceedings of the 10th International
Big_data_ethics
Exposing of scandalous activity
needed] The ethics of Edward Snowden's actions have been widely discussed and debated in news media and academia worldwide. Snowden released classified intelligence
Whistleblowing
Tukur, Julia Jentsch, Leon Seidel Drama Citizenfour Laura Poitras Edward Snowden Documentary American-German co-production Clara Immerwahr [de] Harald Sicheritz
List of German films of the 2010s
List_of_German_films_of_the_2010s
Free and open-source anonymity network based on onion routing
November 2019. Snowden, Edward (11 November 2019). "The Chinese edition of my new book, #PermanentRecord, has just been censored". Twitter (@Snowden). Archived
Tor_(network)
Bilateral relations
Normalization. The Edward Snowden incident in 2013 had been a diplomatic crisis between Hong Kong and United States. On May 20, 2013, Edward Snowden, a former Central
Hong Kong–United States relations
Hong_Kong–United_States_relations
De Soto Nominated 1994 David Fine Bob's Birthday Won Shared with Alison Snowden 1998 Jonathan Myerson The Canterbury Tales Nominated Shared with Christopher
List of Jewish Academy Award winners and nominees
List_of_Jewish_Academy_Award_winners_and_nominees
2004 book by Loren Coleman
Reviews. 72 (14): 669. July 15, 2004. ISSN 1948-7428. Snowden, Audrey (October 1, 2004). "The Copycat Effect: How the Media and Popular Culture Trigger the Mayhem
The_Copycat_Effect
American ex-CIA officer and whistleblower (born 1964)
that were published online, including one to the whistleblower Edward Snowden, in which he expressed his support and gave advice. On February 3, 2015
John_Kiriakou
EU regulation on information privacy
Other supporters have attributed its passage to the whistleblower Edward Snowden. Free software advocate Richard Stallman has praised some aspects of the
General Data Protection Regulation
General_Data_Protection_Regulation
2009 film by Alex Proyas
Escape Artists, and the script was rewritten by Stiles White and Juliet Snowden. Director Alex Proyas was attached to direct the project in February 2005
Knowing_(film)
Newspaper journalist and editor (born 1953)
destroy hard drives containing information leaked to The Guardian by Edward Snowden, rather than comply with a government demand to hand over the data. An
Alan_Rusbridger
Canadian journalist and author (born 1963)
outside man: what's the difference between Daniel Ellsberg and Edward Snowden?". The Critics. A Critic at Large. The New Yorker. Vol. 92, no. 42. pp
Malcolm_Gladwell
Hacker group
cryptographically-signed and were interviewed by media while Martin was detained. Edward Snowden stated on Twitter on August 16, 2016 that "circumstantial evidence and
The_Shadow_Brokers
Leader of Russia since 1999
the first time since 1960 after Putin gave asylum to the American Edward Snowden, who had leaked massive amounts of classified information from the NSA
Vladimir_Putin
American lawyer
of 2013, Fein was hired by Lon Snowden, father of fugitive ex-NSA contractor Edward Snowden. However, Edward Snowden subsequently made clear that Fein
Bruce_Fein
anyone who remembers that the surveillance practices exposed by Edward Snowden had been deemed legal by internal agencies and were ruled unlawful only
Anthropic–United States Department of Defense dispute
Anthropic–United_States_Department_of_Defense_dispute
American politician and military officer (born 1981)
to label Snowden a traitor, but she declined, citing the term's legal and political implications in a follow-up op-ed. She acknowledged Snowden had broken
Tulsi_Gabbard
American multinational technology company
it trained its AI". Business Insider. Retrieved March 21, 2024. "Edward Snowden: Leaks that exposed US spy programme". BBC News. January 17, 2014. Archived
Blues standard written by Willie Dixon
97–98. Dixon & Snowden 1989, pp. 58–59. Dixon & Snowden 1989, p. 81. Dixon & Snowden 1989, p. 83. Snowden 1993, p. 12. Dixon & Snowden 1989, p. 86. Whitburn
Hoochie_Coochie_Man
American politician and businessman (born 1977)
another result like 2022 to ensure there was no center squeeze or spoiler effect, resulting in a traditional two-party race with two clear frontrunners.
Nick_Begich_III
British journalist and novelist
invited by The Guardian to examine materials from Edward Snowden, and on 4 October wrote "The Snowden files: why the British public should be worried about
John_Lanchester
Season of television series
acclaim. The season, which aired shortly after events associated with Edward Snowden, attracted more attention due to its similarities. In March 2014, CBS renewed
Person_of_Interest_season_3
Element of Japanese language
target: CITEREFMartin2004 (help) Watanabe, Toshirō; Skrzypczak, Edmund R.; Snowden, Paul, eds. (11 July 2003). New Japanese-English Dictionary 新和英大辞典 (in
Japanese conjugation (mizenkei base)
Japanese_conjugation_(mizenkei_base)
2017 worldwide ransomware cyberattack
Archived from the original on 19 May 2017. Retrieved 19 May 2017. Snowden, Edward [@Snowden] (13 May 2017). "When @NSAGov-enabled ransomware eats the internet
WannaCry_ransomware_attack
American singer and actor (born 1978)
Christmas Chronicles 2 Bob Booker 2021 F9 Roman Pearce Rogue Hostage Kyle Snowden Dangerous Sheriff McCoy 2022 Morbius Simon Stroud The System Terry Savage
Tyrese_Gibson
Joint-highest civilian award in the United States
coinbooks.org. "Congressional Space Medal of Honor". January 31, 2023. Snowden, James Ross (1809–1878) (1861). A Description of the Medals of Washington;
Congressional_Gold_Medal
Episode list for an American late-night talk show
2015 (2015-01-25) 19 April Fool's Day March 29, 2015 (2015-03-29) 20 Edward Snowden on Passwords April 9, 2015 (2015-04-09) 21 Lost Graphics May 25, 2015 (2015-05-25)
List of Last Week Tonight with John Oliver episodes
List_of_Last_Week_Tonight_with_John_Oliver_episodes
American actor, producer, and screenwriter (born 1966)
hotel room in 2015, Cusack, Daniel Ellsberg, and Arundhati Roy met Edward Snowden, who had fled the US because of his leaks of classified information surrounding
John_Cusack
American sitcom (1957–1962)
be Bentley, who was looking outside for the will. Elaine Baker (Leigh Snowden), Crabtree's nurse, calls and asks Bentley to come over as her life is
Bachelor Father (American TV series)
Bachelor_Father_(American_TV_series)
American politician and attorney (1955–2026)
against any country that offered asylum to former NSA contractor Edward Snowden. In July 2005, Graham secured the declassification and release of memoranda
Lindsey_Graham
President of the United States from 2009 to 2017
Following the 2013 global surveillance disclosures by whistleblower Edward Snowden, Obama condemned the leak as unpatriotic, but called for increased restrictions
Barack_Obama
British jockey
James (known as "Jim" or "Jem") Snowden was a British Classic winning jockey. Snowden was a Yorkshireman of gypsy heritage. His parents sold pots and
Jem_Snowden
Messaging and VoIP service owned by Meta
encryption and allow messages to be accessed by third-parties. In 2019, Edward Snowden alarmed: "The problem with applications like WhatsApp is, it was actually
American businessman (born 1944)
Technology (PCAST). Ellison was critical of NSA whistle-blower Edward Snowden, saying, "Snowden had yet to identify a single person who had been 'wrongly injured'
Larry_Ellison
British politician (born 1991)
a large number of people in this country who came here legally, but in effect shouldn’t have been able to do so. It’s not the fault of the individuals
Katie_Lam
in 1939 with her family to Britain." JYB 2005 p215 Clibbon, Jennifer. "Snowden, Syria, Vladimir Putin's 'Cold Peace' with the West | CBC News". "Experts
List of British Jewish writers
List_of_British_Jewish_writers
S2CID 221463567. Oliveros, Abigail M.; McDougall, Shelby A.; Snyder, Miles A.; Snowden, Sara K.; Richard, Joseph D.; Rao, Christopher M.; Ponce, Marybeth; Pitonza
List of organisms named after works of fiction
List_of_organisms_named_after_works_of_fiction
Psychological concepts by Sigmund Freud
1111/j.1467-8624.1984.tb00283.x. PMID 6705621. Sigmund Freud (1933). p. 110 Snowden, Ruth (2006). Teach Yourself Freud. McGraw-Hill. pp. 105–107. ISBN 978-0-07-147274-6
Id,_ego_and_superego
Non-profit organization
is a tool to more securely save and open pdfs. NSA whistleblower Edward Snowden joined FPF's board of directors in 2014 and began serving as its president
Freedom of the Press Foundation
Freedom_of_the_Press_Foundation
Cloud storage and file synchronization service
disclosure of PRISM, a worldwide mass surveillance program, by Edward Snowden, it was revealed that the United States' National Security Agency had "direct
Google_Drive
Annual influential person or idea chosen by magazine
partner organization also runs an annual online reader's poll that has no effect on the selection, although no poll was held in 2023 or 2024. The tradition
Time_Person_of_the_Year
Star Wars character also known as Baby Yoda
Archived from the original on December 19, 2019. Retrieved January 20, 2020. Snowden, Scott (December 18, 2019). "'The Mandalorian' Episode 7 Is an Action-Packed
Grogu
American actor (born 1991)
Keith Stanfield on His Breakthrough Role and Song: 'There's Been a Snowball Effect'". The Wrap. Archived from the original on January 10, 2020. Retrieved April
LaKeith_Stanfield
English chemist and physicist (1791–1867)
The IET". theiet.org. "The Faraday cage: from Victorian experiment to Snowden-era paranoia". The Guardian. 22 May 2017. "Lecture notes: Capacitance and
Michael_Faraday
Journalist right
Former CIA employee Edward Snowden further impacted the relationship between journalism, sources, and privacy. Snowden's actions as a whistleblower at
Source_protection
American activist and whistleblower (born 1987)
Swedish Pirate Party MPs nominated Manning and fellow whistleblower Edward Snowden for the 2014 Nobel Peace Prize. In 2013, Roots Action launched a petition
Chelsea_Manning
Super-Earth exoplanet orbiting Kepler-22
Iqbal, Muhammed Zafar. Kepler 2 2 B (in Bengali). ISBN 9788192968568. Snowden, Scott (3 September 2020). "'Raised By Wolves' brings Ridley Scott's new
Kepler-22b
American political activist (1931–2023)
policy; and for voicing support for WikiLeaks, Chelsea Manning, and Edward Snowden. Ellsberg was awarded the 2018 Olof Palme Prize for his "profound humanism
Daniel_Ellsberg
8-Carbon fatty acid
017. ISSN 1550-4131. PMC 10843818. PMID 38128528. Rowland, Elizabeth A; Snowden, Caroline K; Cristea, Ileana M (February 2018). "Protein lipoylation: an
Caprylic_acid
American mixed martial artist (born 1987)
Archived from the original on April 29, 2012. Retrieved April 27, 2012. Snowden, Jonathan (August 23, 2012). "Jon Jones Does What Even Politicians Couldn't:
Jon_Jones
American late-night talk show
Onziema, Edward Snowden, the Dalai Lama, Anita Hill, Stephen Hawking, and Monica Lewinsky. Oliver traveled to Moscow to interview Snowden, and traveled
Last Week Tonight with John Oliver
Last_Week_Tonight_with_John_Oliver
Australian rugby league football club
and Timana Tahu, Kangaroos winger Darius Boyd and Kangaroos forward Kade Snowden. The Newcastle club celebrated 25 years in the NRL competition in 2012
Newcastle_Knights
2005 studio album by Doves
number 6 on the UK Singles Chart. Two further singles from the album—"Snowden" and "Sky Starts Falling"—also fared moderately well on the chart, peaking
Some_Cities
Government Communications Headquarters installation in Bude, Cornwall, UK
documents leaked by former National Security Agency (NSA) contractor, Edward Snowden, revealed the existence of an operation codenamed Tempora, whereby GCHQ
GCHQ_Bude
American mixed martial artist
turning down Jon Jones fight". mmamania.com. Retrieved August 24, 2012. Snowden, Johnathan (April 15, 2013). "Why Is Jon Jones Refusing to Promote His
Chael_Sonnen
Saudi journalist and dissident (1958–2018)
critics of the Saudi regime. Former U.S. intelligence contractor Edward Snowden accused the Saudi government of using spyware known as "Pegasus" to monitor
Jamal_Khashoggi
American singer and songwriter (1964–2022)
13, 2021. "Mark Lanegan Rails Against Technology: 'I Had My Own Private Snowden in the Room With Me'". Spin. May 7, 2020. Retrieved March 18, 2021. Grow
Mark_Lanegan
diplomatic cables leaked by Chelsea Manning but before the NSA leaks by Edward Snowden. The program was established under the mandate of Executive Order 13587
Insider_Threat_Program
British cellist (1925–1999)
Berkshire, but went to London every three weeks for cello lessons with John Snowden. In 1943 she won a scholarship to study full-time with Ivor James at the
Amaryllis_Fleming
1963 film by Alfred Hitchcock
and directed by Martin Campbell with a script by Stiles White and Juliet Snowden. In August 2017, the BBC announced it would be creating a television miniseries
The_Birds_(film)
History of dance genre
that dancer "Shorty" George Snowden renamed the breakaway dance as the Lindy Hop in a dance contest. In this version, Snowden was one of the 24 couples
History_of_Lindy_Hop
1961 novel by Joseph Heller
innocent young woman Michaela. In Chapter 41 the full details of the death of Snowden are finally revealed. Nevertheless, the novel ends on an upbeat note with
Catch-22
2022 American television series
Archived from the original on July 29, 2024. Retrieved April 3, 2025. Snowden, Scott (November 20, 2020). "'Star Trek: Discovery' borrows from 'The Running
Star_Trek:_Strange_New_Worlds
Person accused of certain crimes against the state
Manning was charged with "aiding the enemy" (identified as al-Qaeda). Edward Snowden, the American computer specialist who leaked details of top-secret United
Enemy_of_the_state
Metadata standard in digital media
phone to provide a false location. According to documents leaked by Edward Snowden, the NSA is targeting Exif information under the XKeyscore program. The
Exif
American entrepreneur (born 1976)
flocking to Nostr, a social network supported by Jack Dorsey and Edward Snowden". Fortune. Retrieved February 22, 2023. Dorsey, Jack [@jack] (December
Jack_Dorsey
News leak publishing organisation
the organisation assisted Edward Snowden leave Hong Kong. Sarah Harrison, a WikiLeaks activist, accompanied Snowden on the flight. According to US investigators
WikiLeaks
Professional network website
In what is known as Operation Socialist, documents released by Edward Snowden in the 2013 global surveillance disclosures revealed that British Government
travel, tourism, insurance
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