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Acid that is insoluble in the reaction medium
Solid acids are acids that are insoluble in the reaction medium. They are often used as heterogeneous catalysts. Many solid acids are zeolites. A variety
Solid_acid
Chemical reaction
catalysed by "solid acids". Solid acids do not dissolve in the reaction medium. Well known examples include these oxides, which function as Lewis acids: silico-aluminates
Acid_catalysis
Solid acid fuel cells (SAFCs) are a class of fuel cells characterized by the use of a solid acid material as the electrolyte. Similar to proton exchange
Solid_acid_fuel_cell
Chemical compound
ca. 20 ms at 37 °C. Solid anhydrous carbonic acid has also been isolated. The interconversion of carbon dioxide and carbonic acid is related to the breathing
Carbonic_acid
Device that converts the chemical energy from a fuel into electricity
is the use of an acidic electrolyte. This increases the corrosion or oxidation of components exposed to phosphoric acid. Solid acid fuel cells (SAFCs)
Fuel_cell
Chemical compound used in medicines and industry
Salicylic acid is an organic compound with the formula C7H6O3. A colorless (or white), bitter-tasting solid, it is a precursor to and a metabolite of
Salicylic_acid
Chemical compound giving a proton or accepting an electron pair
show, acids (in the colloquial sense) can be solutions or pure substances, and can be derived from acids (in the strict sense) that are solids, liquids
Acid
Component of a petroleum refinery
the acid is produced at very few locations and transportation is stringently managed and regulated. [citation needed] Research in the area of a solid catalyst
Alkylation_unit
Chemical compound (PO(OH)3)
Phosphoric acid (orthophosphoric acid, monophosphoric acid or phosphoric(V) acid) is a colorless, odorless phosphorus-containing solid, and inorganic
Phosphoric_acid
Chemical compound
para-Toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA, pTSA, or pTsOH) or tosylic acid (TsOH) is an organic compound with the formula CH3C6H4SO3H. It is a white extremely hygroscopic solid that
P-Toluenesulfonic_acid
Extremely strong acid
titanium and zirconium or specially treated alumina or zeolites. The solid acids are used for alkylating benzene with ethene and propene as well as difficult
Superacid
Chemical compound
chloric acid" in the mid-1810s. French pharmacist Georges-Simon Serullas introduced the modern designation along with discovering its solid monohydrate
Perchloric_acid
Chemical compound
carbolic acid, phenolic acid, or benzenol) is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C6H5OH. It is a white crystalline solid that is volatile
Phenol
Chemical compound
Glycolic acid (or hydroxyacetic acid; chemical formula HOCH2CO2H) is a colorless, odorless and hygroscopic crystalline solid that is highly soluble in
Glycolic_acid
Production of peptides
addition of amino acids while the growing peptide chain is attached to a macroscopically insoluble solvent-swollen beaded resin support. The solid support consists
Peptide_synthesis
Chemical compound
Silica sulfuric acid (SiO 2-OSO 3H 2, SSA), a solid acid, is prepared by soaking silica gel with sulfuric acid. SSA is used as a catalyst in different
Silica_sulfuric_acid
Chemical compound
replaced by chlorine atoms. It is a colorless solid that dissolves in water. Salts and esters of trichloroacetic acid are called trichloroacetates. It is prepared
Trichloroacetic_acid
Fictional character from the Metal Gear series
promotional art like he did with the original Metal Gear Solid. In the second of these titles, Metal Gear Acid, Snake must retrieve "Pythagoras" from the Lobito
Solid_Snake
Powerful oxidizing agent
Peroxymonosulfuric acid, also known as persulfuric acid, peroxysulfuric acid or Caro's Acid is the inorganic compound with the formula H2SO5. It is a white solid. It
Peroxymonosulfuric_acid
Simplest dicarboxylic acid. (COOH)2
acid. It is a white crystalline solid that forms a colorless solution in water. Its name is derived from early investigators who isolated oxalic acid
Oxalic_acid
Chemical compound
Levulinic acid, or 4-oxopentanoic acid, is an organic compound with the formula CH3C(O)CH2CH2CO2H. It is classified as a keto acid. This white crystalline
Levulinic_acid
Type of chemical substance
crystalline solids. Hence it was the substance that neutralized the acid which supposedly destroyed the volatility or spirit of the acid and which imparted
Base_(chemistry)
12-Carbon fatty acid
medium-chain fatty acid. It is a bright white, powdery solid with a faint odor of bay oil or soap. The salts and esters of lauric acid are known as laurates
Lauric_acid
Organic compound
Fumaric acid or trans-butenedioic acid is an organic compound with the formula HO2CCH=CHCO2H. A white solid, fumaric acid occurs widely in nature. It
Fumaric_acid
Chemical compound
simplest of the chloroacetic acids. This colorless solid is a useful building block in organic synthesis. Chloroacetic acid was first prepared (in impure
Chloroacetic_acid
21-Carbon fatty acid
Behenic acid (also docosanoic acid) is a carboxylic acid, the saturated fatty acid with formula C21H43COOH. In appearance, it consists of white solid although
Behenic_acid
Chemical compound
Mandelic acid is an aromatic alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) with the molecular formula C6H5CH(OH)CO2H. It is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water
Mandelic_acid
3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid
plants. It is a white solid, although samples are typically brown owing to partial oxidation. Salts and esters of gallic acid are termed "gallates".
Gallic_acid
Kitchen utensil
a way that is easy to operate. Lemon squeezers can be made from any solid, acid-resistant material, such as plastic, glass, metal (usually aluminium)
Lemon_squeezer
Chemical compound
Ascorbic acid is an organic compound with the formula C6H8O6, originally called hexuronic acid. It is a white solid, but impure samples can appear yellowish
Chemistry_of_ascorbic_acid
Acetic acid bearing an aldehyde group
the C2 carboxylic acids. It is a colourless solid that occurs naturally and is useful industrially. The structure of glyoxylic acid is shown as having
Glyoxylic_acid
Video game franchise
"Metal Gear Solid 3: Subsistance Reviews". Metacritic. Archived from the original on August 25, 2015. Retrieved September 8, 2015. "Metal Gear Acid Reviews"
Metal_Gear
Ethiopian-American chemist
1966) is an Ethiopian-American chemist, known for developing the first solid acid fuel cells. She is a professor of materials science and engineering at
Sossina_M._Haile
Chemical compound (H2SO4)
acid has a vapor pressure of <1 mmHg at 40 °C. In the solid state, sulfuric acid is a molecular solid that forms monoclinic crystals with nearly trigonal
Sulfuric_acid
Chemical reaction involving organic compounds
doi:10.15227/orgsyn.033.0072. Marakatti, Vijaykumar S. (2015). "Design of solid acid catalysts for prins reaction and toluene methylation". INFLIBNET. hdl:10603/47651
Prins_reaction
1998 video game
Metal Gear Solid is a 1998 action-adventure stealth game developed and published by Konami for the PlayStation. Directed, produced, and written by Hideo
Metal_Gear_Solid_(video_game)
Chemical compound
Hypofluorous acid, chemical formula HOF, is the only known oxyacid of fluorine and the only known oxoacid in which the main atom gains electrons from oxygen
Hypofluorous_acid
Chemical compound
trees. Pure abietic acid is a colorless solid, but commercial samples are usually a glassy or partly crystalline yellowish solid that melts at temperatures
Abietic_acid
Chemical compound
non-toxic white solid that is soluble in water and several organic solvents. It plays several roles in biology. Upon heating, itaconic acid converts to its
Itaconic_acid
Chemical compound
Zr(OH)4·nH2O. All are white solids with low solubility in water. These materials are widely employed in the preparation of solid acid catalysts. These materials
Zirconium(IV)_hydroxide
Chemical compound
possible constitutional isomers are phthalic acid (ortho) and isophthalic acid (meta). This white solid is a commodity chemical, used principally as a
Terephthalic_acid
Chemical compound
p-Toluic acid (4-methylbenzoic acid) is a substituted benzoic acid with the formula CH3C6H4CO2H. It is a white solid that is poorly soluble in water but
P-Toluic_acid
2005 video game
well as cut scenes from Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater. Acid 2 is capable of communicating with Metal Gear Solid 3: Subsistence for the PlayStation 2
Metal_Gear_Acid_2
Chemical theory about acids and bases
The Brønsted–Lowry theory (also called proton theory of acids and bases) is an acid–base reaction theory, developed independently in 1923 by physical
Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory
Brønsted–Lowry_acid–base_theory
Chemical compound
industrially by isomerization of the more common alpha-pinene using a solid acid catalyst such as titanium dioxide. Camphene is used in the preparation
Camphene
Chemical compound
Sulfamic acid, also known as amidosulfonic acid, amidosulfuric acid, aminosulfonic acid, sulphamic acid and sulfamidic acid, is a molecular compound with
Sulfamic_acid
Chemical compound
in solid sodium hydroxide at 130 °C and 6-8 bar pressure: CO + NaOH → HCO2Na Because of the low-cost and large-scale availability of formic acid by carbonylation
Sodium_formate
Chemical compound
Classified as a phenolic phytochemical, ferulic acid is an amber colored solid. Esters of ferulic acid are found in plant cell walls, covalently bonded
Ferulic_acid
Chemical compound
Benzenesulfonic acid (conjugate base benzenesulfonate) is an organosulfur compound with the formula C6H6O3S. It is the simplest aromatic sulfonic acid. It forms
Benzenesulfonic_acid
Transfer of an alkyl group from one molecule to another
Brønsted acids are used when alkylating with olefins. Typical catalysts are zeolites, i.e. solid acid catalysts, and sulfuric acid. Silicotungstic acid is used
Alkylation
DTPA: aminopolycarboxylic acid
Pentetic acid or diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) is an aminopolycarboxylic acid consisting of a diethylenetriamine backbone with five carboxymethyl
Pentetic_acid
Chemical compound
tetrahydrate are known. Both are orange-yellow solids consisting of the planar [AuCl4]− anion. Often, chloroauric acid is handled as a solution, such as those
Chloroauric_acid
Chemical compound (HIO3)
Iodic acid is a white water-soluble solid with the chemical formula HIO3. Its robustness contrasts with the instability of chloric acid and bromic acid. Iodic
Iodic_acid
Chemical compound
acid and an amine. As a result of containing both acidic and basic functional groups, the compound is amphoteric. Anthranilic acid is a white solid when
Anthranilic_acid
18-Carbon fatty acid
soft waxy solid with the formula CH3(CH2)16COOH. The triglyceride derived from three molecules of stearic acid is called stearin. Stearic acid is a prevalent
Stearic_acid
Chemical compound
(WO3·1/2 H2O) are known. Molecular species akin to sulfuric acid, i.e. (HO)2WO2 are not observed. The solid-state structure of WO3·H2O consists of layers of octahedrally
Tungstic_acid
Organic compounds made of alkyl/aryl groups bound to oxygen (R–O–R')
(TAME), ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), and ethyl tert-amyl ether (TAEE). Solid acid catalysts are typically used to promote this reaction. Many ethers, ethoxylates
Ether
Organic compound with two –COOH groups
dicarboxylic acids show similar chemical behavior and reactivity to monocarboxylic acids. Dicarboxylic acids are usually colorless solids. A wide variety
Dicarboxylic_acid
Chemical compound
Phenylacetic acid (conjugate base phenylacetate) is an organic compound containing a phenyl functional group and a carboxylic acid functional group. It
Phenylacetic_acid
Chemical compound
Isophthalic acid is an organic compound with the formula C6H4(CO2H)2. It is a white solid that is very poorly soluble in water (0.012 g/100 mL at room
Isophthalic_acid
Solution of hydrogen fluoride in water
prepared from hydrofluoric acid. Foremost are Na3AlF6, cryolite, and AlF3, aluminium trifluoride. A molten mixture of these solids serves as a high-temperature
Hydrofluoric_acid
Chemical compound
acid or other acids. With the purpose to avoid toxic effluents, an effort to substitute sulfuric acid with easily separable and reusable solid acid catalysts
Furfural
Chemical compound
acid (EDTA), also called EDTA acid, is an aminopolycarboxylic acid with the formula [CH2N(CH2CO2H)2]2. This white, slightly water-soluble solid is
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic_acid
Chemical compound
4-Chlorobenzoic acid is an organic compound with the molecular formula ClC6H4CO2H. It is a white solid that is soluble in some organic solvents and in
4-Chlorobenzoic_acid
Chemical compound
Gluconic acid is an organic compound with molecular formula C6H12O7 and condensed structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4CO2H. A white solid, it forms the gluconate
Gluconic_acid
Method of synthesizing complex molecules
direction in cells. In peptide synthesis, an amino-protected amino acid is bound to a solid phase material or resin (most commonly, low cross-linked polystyrene
Solid-phase_synthesis
Chemical compound
gas-phase ketonic decarboxylation of phenylacetic acid using acetic acid over a ceria-alumina solid acid catalyst. A related laboratory-scale reaction has
Phenylacetone
Chemical compound
4-Fluorobenzoic acid (p-fluorobenzoic acid) is an isomer of fluorobenzoic acid (FBA), an organic compound with the formula C7H5FO2. This colourless solid is a derivative
4-Fluorobenzoic_acid
Chemical compound
is prepared by thermal isomerization of 1,4-diisopropylbenzene over a solid acid catalyst. It is the principal industrial precursor to resorcinol via the
1,3-Diisopropylbenzene
Highly corrosive mineral acid
as "concentrated nitric acid". The azeotrope of nitric acid and water is a colourless liquid at room temperature. Two solid hydrates are known: the monohydrate
Nitric_acid
Chemical compound
Nylon 6: This reaction is catalyzed by sulfuric acid, but industrial scale reactions use solid acids. Typical of oximes, the compound can be reduced by
Cyclohexanone_oxime
Any of the five regular polyhedra
In geometry, a Platonic solid is a convex, regular polyhedron in three-dimensional Euclidean space. Being a regular polyhedron means that the faces are
Platonic_solid
Rocket with a motor that uses solid propellants
solid-propellant rocket or solid rocket is a rocket with a rocket engine that uses solid propellants (fuel/oxidizer). The earliest rockets were solid-fuel
Solid-propellant_rocket
Chemical reaction
industrially by the amination of alcohols using ammonia in the presence of solid acid catalysts, to dehydrate the alcohol into an alkene. Illustrative is the
Amination
Chemical compound
solids formed by the dehydration or decomposition of boric acid. Metaboric acid is formally the parent acid of the metaborate anions. Metaboric acid occurs
Metaboric_acid
Type of lead-acid battery
A valve regulated lead‐acid (VRLA) battery, commonly known as a sealed lead-acid (SLA) battery, is a type of lead-acid battery characterized by a limited
VRLA_battery
Chemical compound
methods. Cyclohexene oxide can be polymerized in solution, catalyzed by a solid acid catalyst. Record of Epoxycyclohexane in the GESTIS Substance Database
Cyclohexene_oxide
Chemical reaction between an acid and a base
which reacts with an acid to give it solid form (as a salt). Bases are mostly bitter in nature. The first scientific concept of acids and bases was provided
Acid–base_reaction
Chemical compound
2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid is the organic compound with the formula (CH3)2C(OH)CO2H. A white solid, it is classified as an hydroxycarboxylic acid. It has been
2-Hydroxyisobutyric_acid
Chemical compound
cyclohexanecarboxylic acid. It is a colorless solid that can be extracted from plant sources. Quinic acid is present in many plants as a caffeoylquinic acid, which are
Quinic_acid
Chemical compound
acid or hydrocinnamic acid is a carboxylic acid with the formula C9H10O2 belonging to the class of phenylpropanoids. It is a white, crystalline solid
Phenylpropanoic_acid
Chemical compound (Te(OH)6)
Telluric acid, or more accurately orthotelluric acid, is a chemical compound with the formula Te(OH)6, often written as H6TeO6. It is a white crystalline
Telluric_acid
Mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid in a 1:3 molar ratio
+ H3O+ + H2O. Solid tetrachloroauric acid may be isolated by evaporating the excess aqua regia, and decomposing the residual nitric acid by repeatedly
Aqua_regia
Group of chemical compounds
sulfonates. Another method entails methylation of phenol with methanol over a solid acid catalyst, often comprising magnesium oxide or alumina. Temperatures above
Cresol
2006 action-adventure stealth video game
the PSP, unlike the previously released Metal Gear Acid and its sequel, as well as the Metal Gear Solid: Digital Graphic Novel, it retains the action-based
Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops
Metal_Gear_Solid:_Portable_Ops
Corrosive liquid of excess sulfur trioxide in solution
empirical formula H2S2O7 for disulfuric (pyrosulfuric) acid is obtained. Pure disulfuric acid is a solid at room temperature, melting at 36 °C and rarely used
Oleum
Chemical compound
Nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) is the aminopolycarboxylic acid with the formula N(CH2CO2H)3. It is a colourless solid. Its conjugate base nitrilotriacetate
Nitrilotriacetic_acid
Type of saturated hydrocarbon compound
The catalytic cracking process involves the presence of acid catalysts (usually solid acids such as silica-alumina and zeolites), which promote a heterolytic
Alkane
Measure of the tendency of an acid to dissociate
Sulfonic acids, such as p-toluenesulfonic acid (tosylic acid) are a class of strong organic oxyacids. Some sulfonic acids can be isolated as solids. Polystyrene
Acid_strength
American chemical engineer (born 1954)
acidity of solid acids?", Catalysis Letters, 62(1), 1-13, (1999). S. Park, J. M. Vohs, R. J. Gorte "Direct Oxidation of hydrocarbons in a solid oxide fuels
Raymond_Gorte
Chemical acid found in vinegar
acetic acid" is a name for water-free (anhydrous) acetic acid. Similar to the German name "Eisessig" ("ice vinegar"), the name comes from the solid ice-like
Acetic_acid
Japanese scientist and entrepreneur
methods, quantum dots, metal–organic frameworks, deep eutectic solvents, solid acid catalysts, and petroleum-free biodegradable plastics and plant biomass-based
Ryōhei_Mori
Amorphous volcanic glass
(2019). "Immobilization of Lewis acidic ionic liquid on perlite nanoparticle surfaces as a highly efficient solid acid catalyst for the solvent-free synthesis
Perlite
Weak acid with formula H3BO3
Boric acid, more specifically orthoboric acid, is a compound of boron, oxygen, and hydrogen with formula B(OH)3. It may also be called hydrogen orthoborate
Boric_acid
Chemical compound
with isobutylene catalysed by a strong acid. These acids can be either liquids like triflic acid, or solid acids such as zeolites. The isobutylene can
2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol
Chemical compound involving ionic bonding
salts. Examples of zwitterions are amino acids, many metabolites, peptides, and proteins. Bonding in solids Bresle method (the method used to test for
Salt_(chemistry)
Chemical compound
colorless solid. Its biosynthesis starts from lysine. CRYM, a taxon-specific protein that also binds thyroid hormones, is involved in the pipecolic acid pathway
Pipecolic_acid
Microporous, aluminosilicate mineral group
natural zeolites, and are used as solid acid catalysts. The high silica zeolites especially are sufficiently acidic to protonate hydrocarbons. These are
Zeolite
Chemical compound
Biasi LA, Vandenberghe LPS, Soccol CR (2013). "Gibberellic acid fermented extract obtained by solid-state fermentation using citric pulp by Fusarium moniliforme:
Gibberellic_acid
Chemical compound
benzenetricarboxylic acid, trimellitic acid is a colorless solid. It is prepared by oxidation of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene. Hemimellitic acid (benzene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic
Trimellitic_acid
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SOLID ACID
SOLID ACID
SOLID ACID
SOLID ACID
SOLID ACID
SOLID ACID
SOLID ACID
SOLID ACID
SOLID ACID
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