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1988 Soviet crewed spaceflight to Mir
Soyuz TM-7 was a crewed Soyuz spaceflight to Mir. It launched on 26 November 1988, at 15:49:34, and was the start of the fourth long duration expedition
Soyuz_TM-7
1988 Soviet crewed spaceflight to Mir
Soyuz TM-6 was a crewed Soyuz spaceflight to Mir. It was launched on 29 August 1988, at 04:23:11 UTC, for the station's third long-duration expedition
Soyuz_TM-6
Fourth-generation of the Soyuz spacecraft
The Soyuz TM (Russian: транспортный модифицированный, romanized: Transportnyi Modifitsirovannyi, lit. 'Transport Modified') were fourth generation (1986–2002)
Soyuz-TM
1989 Soviet crewed spaceflight to Mir
Soyuz TM-8 was a 1989 spaceflight which carried the fifth long duration crew to the Soviet space station Mir. It was part of the Soyuz-TM series of spacecraft
Soyuz_TM-8
Variant of the 2nd-generation Soyuz spacecraft (1974–1976)
1975 Apollo–Soyuz Test Project version of the Soyuz spacecraft (Soyuz 7K-TM) served as a technological bridge to the third generation Soyuz-T (T - транспортный
Soyuz_7K-TM
1991 Soviet/Russian crewed spaceflight to Mir
Soyuz TM-13 was the 13th expedition to the Mir space station. Launched from the Soviet Union in October 1991 and lasting until March 1992, the mission
Soyuz_TM-13
1996 Russian crewed spaceflight to Mir
Soyuz TM-23 was a Soyuz spaceflight which launched on February 21, 1996, to Mir. The spacecraft launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome, and after two days
Soyuz_TM-23
1995 Russian crewed spaceflight to Mir
Soyuz TM-22 was a Soyuz spaceflight to the Soviet space station Mir. It launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome Launch Pad 1 on September 3, 1995. After two
Soyuz_TM-22
Final crewed spaceflight to Mir
Soyuz TM-30 (Russian: Союз ТМ-30, Union TM-30), also known as Mir EO-28, was a Soyuz mission, the 39th and final human spaceflight to the Mir space station
Soyuz_TM-30
1993 Russian crewed spaceflight to Mir
Soyuz TM-17 was a Russian spaceflight to the space station Mir, launched on July 1, 1993. It carried Russian cosmonauts Vasily Tsibliyev and Aleksandr
Soyuz_TM-17
1988 Soviet crewed spaceflight to Mir
Soyuz TM-5 was a crewed Soyuz spaceflight to Mir. It was launched on June 7, 1988, carrying the Mir EP-2 mission's three-person crew. This week-long stay
Soyuz_TM-5
Afanasyev — Soyuz TM-11 (1990), Soyuz TM-18 (1994), Soyuz TM-29 (1999), Soyuz TM-33/32 (2001) Oleg Artemyev* — Soyuz TMA-12M, Soyuz MS-08, Soyuz MS-21 Sergei
List of space travelers by nationality
List_of_space_travelers_by_nationality
1987 Soviet crewed spaceflight to Mir
Soyuz TM-4 was a crewed Soyuz spaceflight to Mir. It was launched on 21 December 1987, and carried the first two crew members of the third long duration
Soyuz_TM-4
1987 Soviet crewed spaceflight to Mir
Soyuz TM-3 was the third crewed spaceflight to visit the Soviet space station Mir, following Soyuz T-15 and Soyuz TM-2. It was launched in July 1987, during
Soyuz_TM-3
Viehböck — Soyuz TM-13/12 Alexander Viktorenko — Soyuz TM-3/2, Soyuz TM-8, Soyuz TM-14, Soyuz TM-20 Pavel Vinogradov — Soyuz TM-26, Soyuz TMA-8, Soyuz TMA-08M
List_of_astronauts_by_name
1995 Russian crewed spaceflight to Mir
Soyuz TM-21 was a crewed Soyuz spaceflight to Mir. The mission launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome, atop a Soyuz-U2 carrier rocket, at 06:11:34 UTC on 14 March
Soyuz_TM-21
2001 Russian crewed spaceflight to the ISS
Soyuz TM-33 was a crewed Russian spaceflight which launched on October 21, 2001, on the Soyuz-U launch vehicle. It carried Russian cosmonauts Viktor Afanasyev
Soyuz_TM-33
1998 Russian crewed spaceflight to Mir
TM-28 was a Soyuz mission to the Mir space station. Docked with Mir. Baturin became the first Russian politician in space. Padalka and Avdeyev performed
Soyuz_TM-28
1994 Russian crewed spaceflight to Mir
Soyuz TM-18 was launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome and landed 112 km north of Arkalyk. TM-18 was a two-day solo flight that docked with the Mir space station
Soyuz_TM-18
1990 Soviet crewed spaceflight to Mir
Soyuz TM-10 was the tenth expedition to the Russian Space Station Mir. TM-10 marked the return to Earth of Japanese reporter Toyohiro Akiyama. The Soyuz
Soyuz_TM-10
1997 Russian crewed spaceflight to Mir
Soyuz TM-25 was a crewed Soyuz spaceflight, which launched on February 10, 1997. It transported Russian cosmonauts Vasily Tsibliyev, Aleksandr Lazutkin
Soyuz_TM-25
1987 Soviet crewed spaceflight to Mir
Soyuz TM-2 was a crewed spaceflight to the Soviet space station Mir, which was uncrewed at the time. TM-2 was launched on February 5, 1987, and it was
Soyuz_TM-2
1997 Russian crewed spaceflight to Mir
Soyuz TM-26 was a Russian spaceflight that ferried cosmonauts and supplies to Mir. It was the 32nd expedition to Mir. It was launched by a Soyuz-U rocket
Soyuz_TM-26
Music from a spacecraft in outer space
box, for weight reasons) was taken into space by the crew of the Soviet Soyuz TM-7 mission. The launch, at Baikonur Cosmodrome, was attended by the band's
Music_in_space
Fourth expedition to Mir space station
Flight Engineer Sergei Krikalev arrived at the station via the spacecraft Soyuz TM-7. The third crew member of EO-4, Valeri Polyakov, was already aboard Mir
Mir_EO-4
Shuttle-Mir missions) was 6, which first occurred with the launch of Soyuz TM-7 on 26 November 1988 and lasted for just over three weeks. In this list
List of human spaceflights to Mir
List_of_human_spaceflights_to_Mir
Russian space program organization
Soyuz 7, Soyuz 16 Yuri Gagarin (1934–1968), First person in space. — Vostok 1 Yuri Gidzenko* — Soyuz TM-22, Soyuz TM-31/STS-102, Soyuz TM-34/Soyuz TM-33
Roscosmos_Cosmonaut_Corps
Soviet and Russian cosmonaut (1942–2022)
made his first flight into space aboard Soyuz TM-6 in 1988. He returned to Earth 240 days later aboard TM-7. Polyakov completed his second flight into
Valeri_Polyakov
December 2017. "Soyuz TM-5". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017. "Soyuz TM-6". Spacefacts. Retrieved 17 December 2017. "Soyuz TM-7". Spacefacts. Retrieved
List of space travellers by first flight
List_of_space_travellers_by_first_flight
Soviet and Russian cosmonaut (born 1958)
Maneuvering Unit (MMU), and the second joint Soviet-French science mission. Soyuz TM-7 was launched on 26 November 1988, with Krikalev as flight engineer, Commander
Sergei_Krikalev
— Soyuz TM-11, Soyuz TM-18, Soyuz TM-29, Soyuz TM-33/32 Vladimir Aksyonov (1935–2024) — Soyuz 22, Soyuz T-2 Aleksandr Pavlovich Aleksandrov — Soyuz T-9
List_of_cosmonauts
List of French spationauts
"Spaceflight mission report: Soyuz TM-17". www.spacefacts.de. Retrieved 2023-11-21. "Spaceflight mission report: Soyuz TM-29". www.spacefacts.de. Retrieved
List_of_French_astronauts
Astronauts resident in Europe
walk in space — Soyuz T-6, Soyuz TM-7/6, STS-86 Jean-François Clervoy, EAC — STS-66, STS-84, STS-103 Samantha Cristoforetti, EAC — Soyuz TMA-15M (Expedition
List_of_European_astronauts
Programmable calculator
undocumented functions. In November 1988, the MK-52 went into space on the Soyuz TM-7 spacecraft, where it could have been used as a backup to the onboard computers
Elektronika_MK-52
Russian cosmonaut (born 1953)
for Soyuz-TM and Buran spacecraft, development of automated crew training systems. He has also participated in launch preparation of the Soyuz-TM, Buran
Pavel_Vinogradov
Third-generation of the Soyuz spacecraft
second-generation Soyuz 7K-T and incorporated experience gained from the Military Soyuz program and the Soyuz 7K-TM used for the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project. Soyuz-T introduced
Soyuz-T
Soviet calculator
cards and other periphery) was used in the Soviet spacecraft program (for Soyuz TM-7 flight) as a backup for the on-board computer.[citation needed] This series
Elektronika_B3-34
1987 studio album by Pink Floyd
video. A few days later, the live album was played in orbit, on board Soyuz TM-7. The tour eventually came to an end by closing the Silver Clef Award Winners
A_Momentary_Lapse_of_Reason
2002 Russian crewed spaceflight to the ISS
Soyuz TMA-1, also catalogued as Soyuz TM-35, was a 2002 Soyuz mission to the International Space Station (ISS) launched by a Soyuz FG launch vehicle with
Soyuz_TMA-1
Series of spacecraft designed for the Soviet space programme
connected Soyuz TM-31 moves to Launch Pad on 29 October 2000 Soyuz TMA-2 launch from Baikonur on April 26, 2003 Soyuz TMA-21 with parachute deployed Soyuz landing
Soyuz_(spacecraft)
Carrier rocket
then it delivered crewed Soyuz spacecraft to space stations Salyut 7 and Mir: missions Soyuz T-12 to T-15 and Soyuz TM-1 to TM-22. It also supplied the
Soyuz-U2
crew to Earth after damage to the crew's original vehicle. These were Soyuz 34, Soyuz MS-23 and Shenzhou 22. Two missions did not cross either the Kármán
List_of_human_spaceflights
French test pilot, engineer, airman, & astronaut (born 1949)
Moscow. In August 1986, he was assigned as a back-up crew member for the Soyuz TM-7 mission. Although Tognini remained a French Air Force officer, he was
Michel_Tognini
Soviet cosmonaut (born 1948)
1988–1989 (151 days) and again in 1991–1992 (175 days) as commander of flight Soyuz TM-13. On board the Mir space station, he controlled the docking procedures
Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Volkov
Aleksandr_Aleksandrovich_Volkov
1986 Soviet crewed spaceflight to Mir and Salyut 7
newer Soyuz-TM spacecraft or any of the planned modules to launch to the station at first. It was decided to launch an older Soyuz-T as Soyuz T-15 on
Soyuz_T-15
Topics referred to by the same term
Soyuz 7K-L1 No.5L Soyuz 7K-L3 Soyuz 7K-OK Soyuz 7K-OKS Soyuz 7K-T Progress 7K-TG Soyuz 7K-TM A-7K, model of LTV A-7 Corsair II 7K, model of Toyota K engine
7K
French astronaut (born 1938)
Chrétien made his second space flight as a research cosmonaut on board Soyuz TM-7, which launched on 26 November 1988. Together with Alexander Alexandrovich
Jean-Loup_Chrétien
(1.0) Soyuz 7K-OK, a variant (1.5) Soyuz 7K-OKS, the second-generation (2.0) Soyuz 7K-T, and the (2.5) Soyuz 7K-TM variant. Following this first era,
List_of_Soyuz_missions
Device used for calculations
cards and other periphery) was used in Soviet spacecraft program (for Soyuz TM-7 flight) as a backup of the board computer. This series of calculators
Calculator
Soviet spacecraft design
OB-VI (1967) Soyuz 7K-S (1974) Soyuz 7K-ST (1974) Soyuz T (1976–86) Soyuz TM (1986–02) Soyuz TMA (2002–12) Soyuz TMA-M (2010–16) Soyuz MS (2016-...)
Soyuz-A
Human spaceflight programme of the Soviet Union
enlarged version of Soyuz reentry vehicle (2008) Soyuz-TM (1986–2003) Soyuz TMA (2003–2012) Soyuz-ACTS (2006) Soyuz TMA-M (2010–2016) Soyuz MS (since 2016)
Soyuz_programme
Russian cosmonaut (born 1961)
to space on board the Soyuz TM-19 spacecraft with Malenchenko in command of the Soyuz. Following a two-day solo flight the Soyuz docked with Mir on July
Yuri_Malenchenko
and Soyuz 11, Soyuz 3 had an official insignia that wasn't worn during the flight, and then in the Apollo–Soyuz program. After that and until Soyuz TM-12
List of Soviet human spaceflight missions
List_of_Soviet_human_spaceflight_missions
report: Soyuz TM-7". 28 March 2020. Retrieved 17 October 2022. "ESA - Aragatz". Retrieved 17 October 2022. "Spaceflight mission report: Soyuz TM-13". 16
List_of_ESA_space_expeditions
04:23 Soyuz TM-6 Transferred to Mir EO-4 Mir EO-4 Aleksandr Volkov Sergei Krikalev 26 November 1988 15:49 Soyuz TM-7 27 April 1989 02:57 Soyuz TM-7 151
List_of_Mir_expeditions
Spacecraft crew member
but also including from France and Austria, to participate in Soyuz TM-7 and Soyuz TM-13, respectively. This made the Czechoslovak Vladimír Remek the
Astronaut
Russian cosmonaut (born 1965)
on 10 November 2002 at 00:04 UTC. Soyuz TM-34 was the last of the Soyuz-TM spacecraft and was replaced by the Soyuz-TMA. Lonchakov was originally selected
Yury_Lonchakov
Extreme benchmarks set off Earth by astronauts, launchers and probes
maintained a continuous human presence in space since 31 October 2000 when Soyuz TM-31 was launched. Two days later, it docked with the International Space
List_of_spaceflight_records
American engineer and entrepreneur, also the first space tourist (born 1940)
Space Station. This mission was launched by the spacecraft Soyuz TM-32, and was landed by Soyuz TM-31. Tito was born in Queens, New York. He graduated from
Dennis_Tito
Soviet international spaceflight program
crewed spaceflights enabled 14 non-Soviet cosmonauts to participate in Soyuz space flights between 1978 and 1988. The program was responsible for sending
Interkosmos
1973 song by Pink Floyd
cosmonauts took and played an advance copy of Delicate Sound of Thunder aboard Soyuz TM-7, making it the first album played in space. At the opening ceremonies
Eclipse_(Pink_Floyd_song)
First international crewed spaceflight mission
with a Soviet Soyuz 7K-TM spacecraft. Although the Soyuz was given a mission designation number (Soyuz 19) as part of the ongoing Soyuz programme, its
Apollo–Soyuz
Austrian engineer and cosmonaut (born 1960)
space. He visited the Mir space station in 1991 aboard Soyuz TM-13, returning aboard Soyuz TM-12 after spending just over a week in space. Together with
Franz_Viehböck
1988 live album by Pink Floyd
first album to be played in space, when Soviet cosmonauts took it aboard Soyuz TM-7. David Gilmour and Nick Mason attended the mission's launch. Delicate
Delicate_Sound_of_Thunder
Seventh expedition to Mir space station
Kvant-2-module. This repair was only partially successful. The crew left on Soyuz TM-10 on 7 December 1990. The expedition in total lasted 130 days, 20 hours and
Mir_EO-7
history Apollo flight history (student resource) Skylab flight history Apollo-Soyuz flight history Space Shuttle flight history infographic Shenzhou flight
List of human spaceflights, 1981–1990
List_of_human_spaceflights,_1981–1990
Soviet/Russian space station (1986–2001)
With the departure of EO-4 on Soyuz TM-7 on 27 April 1989 the station was again left unoccupied. The launch of Soyuz TM-8 on 5 September 1989 marked the
Mir
program. Numeration of the Soyuz flights therefore continues from previous Soviet Soyuz launches. For previous flights of the Soyuz and other crewed space
List of Russian human spaceflight missions
List_of_Russian_human_spaceflight_missions
Soviet locksmith, builder, air officer and cosmonaut (born 1944)
he was a resident of the Mir space station, launching on Soyuz TM-2 and landing aboard Soyuz TM-3. He remained on Mir for 326 days; that was the longest
Yuri_Romanenko
Russian cosmonaut and former politician (born 1949)
called Mir EP-4, was launched with the spacecraft Soyuz TM-28 13 August 1998, and landed with Soyuz TM-27. He was a research cosmonaut for this mission
Yuri_Baturin
Second expedition to Mir space station
spacecraft, numbered 25, 26, and 27, as well as an uncrewed Soyuz-TM spacecraft, designated TM-1. From July 1986 to the arrival of EO-2 in February, Mir
Mir_EO-2
Third expedition to Mir space station
arrived at the station in December 1987 on Soyuz TM-4, while Polyakov arrived much later, in August 1988 on Soyuz TM-6. After the arrival of Polyakov, medical
Mir_EO-3
Soviet-Russian pilot and cosmonaut (born 1947)
for Soyuz T-5 in 1982 and Soyuz T-9 in 1983. A veteran of five missions, Titov served as commander on Soyuz T-8 and Soyuz T-10-1 in 1983 and Soyuz TM-4
Vladimir_Titov_(cosmonaut)
Japanese television journalist and cosmonaut (1942–2026)
company reportedly lost US$7.4 million on the deal. Akiyama eventually returned to Earth just over a week later aboard Soyuz TM-10 along with Gennadi Manakov
Toyohiro_Akiyama
Bulgarian cosmonaut (1951–2026)
Ivanov on the Soyuz 33 mission to the Salyut 6 space station. Subsequently, Aleksandrov was assigned to the prime crew of the Soyuz TM-5 mission to the
Aleksandr Panayotov Aleksandrov
Aleksandr_Panayotov_Aleksandrov
Soviet military spacecraft designs
italic) Soyuz versions. Soyuz A (1963) Soyuz 7K-OK (1967–71) Soyuz 7K-OKS (1971) Soyuz 7K-T (1973–81) Soyuz 7K-TM (1975) Soyuz 7K-LOK (1967) Soyuz 7K-L1
Military_Soyuz
Soviet-Russian cosmonaut and test pilot (born 1948)
visiting ("lifeboat" swap) crew June 1988 launched aboard Soyuz TM-5 and returned aboard Soyuz TM-4. His crew were Viktor Savinykh and Aleksandr Aleksandrov
Anatoly_Solovyev
Long-duration missions to the orbital lab
spaceflight mission: ISS-1R". www.spacefacts.de. Retrieved 12 September 2024. "Soyuz TM-31 mission". www.russianspaceweb.com. Retrieved 12 September 2024. Graham
List of International Space Station expeditions
List_of_International_Space_Station_expeditions
Syrian military aviator and cosmonaut (1951–2024)
program on Soyuz TM-3 to the Mir space station in July 1987, spending 7 days, 23 hours, and 5 minutes in space. He returned to Earth aboard Soyuz TM-2. Faris
Muhammed_Faris
Soviet-Russian engineer and cosmonaut (1940–2004)
several days until they acquiesced. On 7 July 1995, the Soyuz TM-21 crew returned to Earth, not on the Soyuz that had brought them, but aboard US Space
Gennady_Strekalov
(STS-35 and Mir: Soyuz TM-10/Soyuz TM-11). In March 1995, the record number of people in space became 13 after the launch of Soyuz TM-21. At this time there
Population_of_space
Revision of the Soyuz spacecraft
superseded in 2010 by the Soyuz TMA-M. While it looks identical to the earlier Soyuz-TM on the outside, the spacecraft features several changes to accommodate
Soyuz_TMA
Atmospheric research In orbit Successful 7 June 21:38:16 Soyuz-U2 Baikonur Site 1/5 Soyuz TM-5 Low Earth (Mir) Mir EP-2 7 September 00:48:38 Successful Crewed
1988_in_spaceflight
Soviet engineer and cosmonaut (born 1951)
From 21 December 1987 to 21 December 1988, he flew as flight engineer on Soyuz TM-4. The flight duration was 365 days, 22 hours, and 38 minutes. From 2 December
Musa_Manarov
Soyuz rocket design variant
station crews were launched on Soyuz-U launchers. The final crewed mission to use the Soyuz-U was Soyuz TM-34, a Soyuz ferry flight to the International
Soyuz-U
Soviet cosmonaut (born 1943)
of Mir EO-2. For the spaceflight, he was launched with the spacecraft Soyuz TM-3 in July 1987, and landed with the same spacecraft in December 1987. All
Aleksandr Pavlovich Aleksandrov
Aleksandr_Pavlovich_Aleksandrov
Afghan cosmonaut (1959–2026)
far the only, Afghan citizen to journey to outer space. He was one of Soyuz TM-6's crew members and spent nine days aboard the Mir space station in 1988
Abdul_Ahad_Momand
Russian engineer and cosmonaut (born 1956)
in space for a few days. Soyuz TM-15 – 27 July 1992 to 1 February 1993 – 188 days, 21 hours, 41 minutes, 15 seconds Soyuz TM-22 – 3 September 1995 to
Sergey_Avdeev
Eighth expedition to Mir space station
aboard Soyuz TM-11. Akiyama returned aboard Soyuz TM-10 with the outgoing Mir EO-7 crew on December 10. Afanasyev and Manarov returned aboard Soyuz TM-11
Mir_EO-8
Soviet and Russian cosmonaut (1944–2013)
He was married and had one child. Serebrov flew on Soyuz T-7, Soyuz T-8, Soyuz TM-8, and Soyuz TM-17. He was one of very few cosmonauts to fly for both
Aleksandr_Serebrov
Czech cosmonaut and politician (born 1948)
French astronaut Jean-Loup Chrétien experienced this same behavior onboard Soyuz TM-7 in 1988. Due in part to his previous business contacts in Russia, Remek
Vladimír_Remek
R-7 Family". Jonathan's Space Page. Retrieved 1 June 2025. Krebs, Gunter. "R-7 Family". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 1 June 2025. Wade, Mark. "Soyuz"
List of R-7 launches (1985–1989)
List_of_R-7_launches_(1985–1989)
Russian cosmonaut (born 1953)
75 days, 11 hours and 20minutes in space and landed on the Soyuz TM-21 spacecraft. The Soyuz capsule carrying Budarin and cosmonaut Anatoly Solovyev landed
Nikolai_Budarin
Soviet cosmonaut (born 1940)
cosmonaut on 1 December 1978, he flew as Flight Engineer on Soyuz T-4, Soyuz T-13 and Soyuz TM-5, and has spent 252 days 17 hours 38 minutes in space. Savinykh
Viktor_Savinykh
Kazakh politician, test pilot and cosmonaut (1951–2025)
Space Station. It was launched by Soyuz TM-32, and was landed by Soyuz TM-31 on 6 May 2001, for a total duration of 7 days 22 hours 4 minutes. This visiting
Talgat_Musabayev
Fifth expedition to Mir space station
in the spacecraft Soyuz TM-8, which remained docked to Mir throughout the mission. The crew are often referred to as the Soyuz TM-8 crew. The crew consisted
Mir_EO-5
Soviet and Russian cosmonaut (1950–2019)
He was selected on 2 September 1985 and flew as Commander on Soyuz TM-10 and Soyuz TM-16, before retiring on 20 December 1996. He was married with two
Gennady_Manakov
Soviet cosmonaut (born 1948)
aviator and Soviet cosmonaut who flew aboard Soyuz T-7 in 1982, becoming the second woman in space. On her 1984 Soyuz T-12 mission she became the first woman
Svetlana_Savitskaya
Russian cosmonaut (born 1957)
Earth on board the Soyuz TM-23 capsule. The spacecraft landed at 07:41:40 UTC 108 km south west of Akmola (Tselinograd). On board Soyuz TM-23 and Mir, Usachov
Yuri_Usachov
Soviet cosmonaut (born 1956)
five months in space on a single spaceflight. In 1991, he flew aboard Soyuz TM-12 and docked with the Mir Space Station. Artsebarsky and Sergei Krikalev
Anatoly_Artsebarsky
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SOYUZ TM-7
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